1. Akhoundzadeh, Sh. 2000. Iranian plant medicine encyc-lopedia. – Arjumand Press. pp 51.
2. Baghiani, A., Djarmouni, M., Boumerfeg, S., Trabsa, H., Charef, N. and Khennouf, S. 2012. Xanthine oxidase inhibition and antioxidant effects of Paganum harmala seed extraccts. – European J. Med. Plants 2: 42-56.
3. Barzegari Firouzabadi, F. and Mirhosseini, M. 2012. Effect of Persian hogweed (Heracleum persicum) on the morphological changes in mice testes and the level of hormone testosterone. – Razi J. Med. Sci. 19: 18-24.
4. Chatterjee, A and Dutta, C.P. 1967. Alkaloids of Piper longum Linn. I. structure and synthesis of Piper longumine and Piper longuminine. – Tetrahedron 23: 1769-1781.
5. Farsam, H., Amanlou, M., Dehpour, A. and Jahaniani, F. 2000. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Bieber steiniamultifida DC. root extract. – J. Ethnopharmacol. 71: 443-447.
6. Hall, SH., Conti, M., French, F.S. and Joseph, D.R. 1990. Follicle-stimulating hormone regulation of androgen-binding protein messenger RNA in sertoli cell cultures. – Mol. Endocrinol. 4: 349-355.
7. Heidari, M.A.F., Ghaffari-Novin, M., Vaezi, G.H., Kera-mati, K. and Rajaei, F. 2008. Antiandrogenic effects of Rosmarinus officinalis extract on the reproductive tract of male rats. – Tehran Univ. Med. J. 65: 26-31.
8. Jasemi, M., Saki, G.H. and Rahimi, F. 2009. The effect of Centella asiataica alcoholic extract on the serum levels of testesterone, FSH and LH in male Wistar rat. – J. Sabzevar Univ. Med. Sci. 16: 6-11.
9. Kacsoh, B. 2000. Endocrine Physiology. – Publication of McGraw Hill. pp 448-640.
10. Khan, U.A., Aslam, M. and Saeed, S.A. 2004. Effect of be-ta adrenergic antagonist on the production of testosterone by rat's Leydig cells. – J. Ayub. Med. Coll. Abbottabad 16: 26-28.
11. Koeppen, M.B. and Stanton, A.B. 2016. Berne & Levy Physiology, 6th Edition. Section VIII: The endocrine and reproductive system. – Publication of Mosby Elsevier. pp 653-758.
12. Lakshmi, V., Kumar, R., Agarwal, S.K. and Dhar, J.D. 2006. Antifertility activity of Piper longum Linn. in female rats. – Nat. Prod. Res. 20: 235-239.
13. Loub, W.D., Farnsworth, N.R., Soejarto, D.D. and Quinn, M.L. 1985. NAPRALERT: computer handling of natural product research data. – J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 25: 99-103.
14. Mahmoudian, M., Jalipour, H. and Dardashti, P.S. 2008. Toxicity of Peganum harmala: reviw and a case report. – Iran J. Pharmacol. 1: 1-4.
15. Mirheidar, H. and Maaref G. 2011. Maaref giyahi-karbord giyahan dar pishgiri va darman bimariha. – Publication of Farhang Eslami 3: 72-75.
16. Mokhtari, M., Sharifi, A. and Moghadamnia, D. 2006. The Effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Phoenix dactyl-lifera on testis histological changes and testostron, LH and FSH hormone levels of male rat. – Iran J. Basic Med. Sci. 4: 265-271.
17. Muhi-eldeen, Z., Al-Shamma, K.J., Al- Hussainy, T.M., Al-Kaissi, E.N., Al-Daraji, A.M. and Ibrahim, H. 2008. Acute toxicological studies on the extract of Iraqi Peganum harmala in Rats. – Eur. J. Sci. Res. 22: 494-500.
18. Panjeshahin, M., Dehghani, F., Tahei, T. and Panahi, Z. 2005. The effects of hydroalcholic extract of Actini diac-hinesis sperm count and motility and on the blood levels of estradiol and testosterone in male rats. – Arch. Iran Med. 8: 211-216.
19. Parandin, R., Ghorbani, R. and Sadeghipour Roodsari H.R. 2011. Effects of alcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium flowers on fertility parameters in male rats. – Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences 19: 84-93.
20. Piyachaturawat, P. and Pholpramool, C. 1997. Enhance-ment of fertilization by piperine in hamsters. – Cell Biol. Int. 21: 405-409.
21. Sharaf, M., el-Ansari, M.A., Matlin, S.A. and Saleh, N.A. 1997. Four flavonoid glycosides from Peganum harmala. – Phytochem. 44: 533-536.
22. Subhan, F., Sultan, S., Alam, W. and Dil, A.S.T. 1998. Ap-hrodisiac potential of Peganum harmala seeds. – Hamd-ard Medicus 41: 69-72.
23. Zaveri, M., Khandhar, A., Patel, S. and Patel, A. 2010. Chemistry and pharmacology of Piper longum. – Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res. 5: 67-76.
25. Akhoundzadeh, Sh. 2000. Iranian plant medicine encyc-lopedia. – Arjumand Press. pp 51.
26. Baghiani, A., Djarmouni, M., Boumerfeg, S., Trabsa, H., Charef, N. and Khennouf, S. 2012. Xanthine oxidase inhibition and antioxidant effects of Paganum harmala seed extraccts. – European J. Med. Plants 2: 42-56. [
DOI:10.9734/EJMP/2012/898]
27. Barzegari Firouzabadi, F. and Mirhosseini, M. 2012. Effect of Persian hogweed (Heracleum persicum) on the morphological changes in mice testes and the level of hormone testosterone. – Razi J. Med. Sci. 19: 18-24.
28. Chatterjee, A and Dutta, C.P. 1967. Alkaloids of Piper longum Linn. I. structure and synthesis of Piper longumine and Piper longuminine. – Tetrahedron 23: 1769-1781. [
DOI:10.1016/S0040-4020(01)82575-8]
29. Farsam, H., Amanlou, M., Dehpour, A. and Jahaniani, F. 2000. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Bieber steiniamultifida DC. root extract. – J. Ethnopharmacol. 71: 443-447. [
DOI:10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00174-4]
30. Hall, SH., Conti, M., French, F.S. and Joseph, D.R. 1990. Follicle-stimulating hormone regulation of androgen-binding protein messenger RNA in sertoli cell cultures. – Mol. Endocrinol. 4: 349-355. [
DOI:10.1210/mend-4-2-349]
31. Heidari, M.A.F., Ghaffari-Novin, M., Vaezi, G.H., Kera-mati, K. and Rajaei, F. 2008. Antiandrogenic effects of Rosmarinus officinalis extract on the reproductive tract of male rats. – Tehran Univ. Med. J. 65: 26-31.
32. Jasemi, M., Saki, G.H. and Rahimi, F. 2009. The effect of Centella asiataica alcoholic extract on the serum levels of testesterone, FSH and LH in male Wistar rat. – J. Sabzevar Univ. Med. Sci. 16: 6-11.
33. Kacsoh, B. 2000. Endocrine Physiology. – Publication of McGraw Hill. pp 448-640.
34. Khan, U.A., Aslam, M. and Saeed, S.A. 2004. Effect of be-ta adrenergic antagonist on the production of testosterone by rat\'s Leydig cells. – J. Ayub. Med. Coll. Abbottabad 16: 26-28.
35. Koeppen, M.B. and Stanton, A.B. 2016. Berne & Levy Physiology, 6th Edition. Section VIII: The endocrine and reproductive system. – Publication of Mosby Elsevier. pp 653-758.
36. Lakshmi, V., Kumar, R., Agarwal, S.K. and Dhar, J.D. 2006. Antifertility activity of Piper longum Linn. in female rats. – Nat. Prod. Res. 20: 235-239. [
DOI:10.1080/14786410500045465]
37. Loub, W.D., Farnsworth, N.R., Soejarto, D.D. and Quinn, M.L. 1985. NAPRALERT: computer handling of natural product research data. – J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 25: 99-103. [
DOI:10.1021/ci00046a009]
38. Mahmoudian, M., Jalipour, H. and Dardashti, P.S. 2008. Toxicity of Peganum harmala: reviw and a case report. – Iran J. Pharmacol. 1: 1-4.
39. Mirheidar, H. and Maaref G. 2011. Maaref giyahi-karbord giyahan dar pishgiri va darman bimariha. – Publication of Farhang Eslami 3: 72-75.
40. Mokhtari, M., Sharifi, A. and Moghadamnia, D. 2006. The Effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Phoenix dactyl-lifera on testis histological changes and testostron, LH and FSH hormone levels of male rat. – Iran J. Basic Med. Sci. 4: 265-271.
41. Muhi-eldeen, Z., Al-Shamma, K.J., Al- Hussainy, T.M., Al-Kaissi, E.N., Al-Daraji, A.M. and Ibrahim, H. 2008. Acute toxicological studies on the extract of Iraqi Peganum harmala in Rats. – Eur. J. Sci. Res. 22: 494-500.
42. Panjeshahin, M., Dehghani, F., Tahei, T. and Panahi, Z. 2005. The effects of hydroalcholic extract of Actini diac-hinesis sperm count and motility and on the blood levels of estradiol and testosterone in male rats. – Arch. Iran Med. 8: 211-216.
43. Parandin, R., Ghorbani, R. and Sadeghipour Roodsari H.R. 2011. Effects of alcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium flowers on fertility parameters in male rats. – Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences 19: 84-93.
44. Piyachaturawat, P. and Pholpramool, C. 1997. Enhance-ment of fertilization by piperine in hamsters. – Cell Biol. Int. 21: 405-409. [
DOI:10.1006/cbir.1997.0167]
45. Sharaf, M., el-Ansari, M.A., Matlin, S.A. and Saleh, N.A. 1997. Four flavonoid glycosides from Peganum harmala. – Phytochem. 44: 533-536. [
DOI:10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00531-6]
46. Subhan, F., Sultan, S., Alam, W. and Dil, A.S.T. 1998. Ap-hrodisiac potential of Peganum harmala seeds. – Hamd-ard Medicus 41: 69-72.
47. Zaveri, M., Khandhar, A., Patel, S. and Patel, A. 2010. Chemistry and pharmacology of Piper longum. – Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res. 5: 67-76.