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Showing 3 results for Mohamadzadeh
Poverty and its Determinants in the Iranian Urban Households
Dr Parviz Mohamadzadeh, Dr Firouz Fallahi, Samad Hekmati Farid ,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (12-2010)
Abstract
The Poverty measurement and its determinants are the most important factors in poverty alleviation programs. In this paper, we estimate poverty line and its dimensions by using Linear Expenditure System. To that end, we use household level data from the Statistics Center of Iran during the period of 1994-2008. We examine the main determinants of poverty for urban households using a probit model. In this model, we assess the impact of key household characteristics on poverty. The results show that the poverty likelihood decreases if the educational level of the head of the household increases. In addition, the chance of being poor declines in a household headed by a male. The age of the head of the household, the ratio of income earners in the household, and the household size are other factors that have a significant role in the probability of being poor.
Spatial Panel Pattern Modeling in the Analysis of Saffron Foreign Trade Network
Hengame Hendizadeh, Alireza Karbasi, Toktam Mohtashami, Hossein Mohamadzadeh,
Volume 9, Issue 33 (10-2018)
Abstract
   
One of the factors that have a significant impact on the economic development of countries is reliance on foreign trade, and due to the dependence of countries on export earnings and the import of foreign trade, it plays an essential and indisputable role in the growth and development of different sectors. Foreign trade in agricultural products has an important role in expanding the export and import of various countries due to its high and stable value. Among the agricultural products, saffron is one of the most important export commodities of agriculture, which contributes greatly to the creation of agricultural value added. This study examines and analyzes Saffron's foreign trade network among 11 active countries including Iran in this area. The required data and statistics were collected during the years 2007-2016. Considering the geographical dispersion of the studied countries, a spatial panel model was used to analyze the factors affecting the value of saffron trade. The results of estimating OLS methods, spatial interruption and spatial error showed that import price variables per gram, export price per gram, export volume, export standards index, gross domestic product, exchange rate and government support index in agricultural sector is significant and has a positive effect on the value of trade. Positive and significant spatial dependency coefficient shows that neighborhood is an important role in increasing or decreasing trade. This means that, as long as the value of saffron trade in neighboring countries increases, the value of trade in the target country will increase as the size of the coefficient.

 
Assessing the Impact of Internet Access Satisfaction on Subjective Well-being Using a Discrete Choice Approach
Dr Akram Akbari, Dr Parviz Mohamadzadeh, Mr Hussein Ali Sheeaa,
Volume 16, Issue 60 (9-2026)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Subjective well-being has become an increasingly important concept in welfare economics, happiness economics, and social policy analysis. Unlike objective welfare indicators such as income, employment, consumption, or access to public services, subjective well-being reflects how individuals evaluate and experience their own lives. In societies undergoing economic, institutional, and generational transitions, individuals’ assessment of their living conditions relative to their parents can provide a meaningful indicator of perceived progress or decline. Iraq represents an important context for such an analysis because the country has experienced economic uncertainty, institutional challenges, demographic pressures, and rapid digital transformation. In this setting, internet use may influence individuals’ perceived well-being by expanding access to information, learning opportunities, social networks, public services, and economic prospects. However, the relationship between internet use and subjective well-being is unlikely to be direct, linear, or uniform across all individuals.

Background and Innovation
The literature suggests that the welfare effects of internet use depend not only on access but also on the intensity, quality, and purpose of use. Internet use may improve well-being by reducing information costs, facilitating communication, supporting learning, and creating new opportunities. At the same time, it may generate adverse effects through social comparison, misinformation, excessive use, or passive consumption of digital content. Therefore, recent studies emphasize the importance of human capital and digital capability in shaping the welfare consequences of internet use. The main contribution of this study is threefold. First, it focuses on intergenerational relative subjective well-being, rather than conventional life satisfaction. Second, it distinguishes active internet use from mere access or satisfaction with access. Third, it examines whether education moderates the association between internet use and relative subjective well-being.

Aim and Method
The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between active internet use and intergenerational relative subjective well-being in Iraq, with particular emphasis on the moderating role of education. The dependent variable is an ordinal measure of respondents’ evaluation of their current living conditions compared with their parents’ generation. It takes three ordered categories: worse than parents, the same as parents, and better than parents. The empirical analysis uses micro-level data from the eighth wave of the Arab Barometer survey for Iraq. Given the ordinal nature of the dependent variable and the survey design of the data, the baseline specification is estimated using a survey-weighted ordered logit model. The model controls for age, age squared, gender, household size, urban residence, employment status, household income adequacy, evaluation of current economic conditions, expectations about future economic conditions, trust in government, and governorate fixed effects. To assess the robustness of the results, alternative specifications including ordered probit, different measures of internet use, marginal effects, and post-estimation diagnostics are also employed.

Findings
The results indicate that the direct association between internet use and intergenerational relative subjective well-being is not uniform across the population. In the baseline models, internet use alone does not show a strong and stable direct relationship with higher relative subjective well-being after controlling for individual, economic, institutional, and regional characteristics. However, the interaction between active internet use and higher education provides evidence of heterogeneous effects. Among individuals with higher education, active internet use is associated with a higher probability of reporting a “better than parents” status and a lower probability of reporting a “worse than parents” status. This finding suggests that education may enhance individuals’ ability to transform digital access and internet use into meaningful opportunities.
The results also show that household income adequacy, household size, evaluation of current economic conditions, expectations about future economic conditions, trust in government, age, and age squared are important correlates of intergenerational relative subjective well-being. Governorate fixed effects are jointly significant, indicating that regional differences within Iraq play an important role in explaining variations in perceived intergenerational well-being. The robustness checks further suggest that the relationship between digital engagement and subjective well-being should not be interpreted as a simple universal effect. Rather, the welfare implications of internet use depend on individuals’ human capital and their capacity to use digital resources effectively.
Overall, the findings imply that digital policy should move beyond expanding physical internet access alone. Policies aimed at improving subjective well-being through digital transformation should also promote digital literacy, purposeful internet use, skill formation, and the integration of educational and digital development strategies. In particular, strengthening human capital may allow individuals to benefit more effectively from online information, learning resources, communication networks, and economic opportunities.
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