This study evaluated the English for Specific Purposes (ESP) needs of Afghan undergraduate economics students using Hutchinson and Waters' framework of present and target situation needs. Participants included 20 ESP instructors and 50 male economics students aged 18–27 from five Afghan universities: Kabul University, Alberoni University, Parwan University, Kardan Private University, and Rana Private University. A triangulation of qualitative and quantitative methods was employed, including questionnaires, self-assessment, semi-structured interviews, and non-participant observations. The present situation analysis revealed deficiencies in vocabulary, pronunciation, sentence structure, and skills such as reading, writing, listening, and translating subject-specific texts. Target situation needs highlighted students' expectations for proficiency improvement in these areas and mastering skills for academic and professional demands, such as using statistical software and communicating economic concepts. Findings showed that students' self-assessments aligned with their low General English Proficiency (GEP) scores, though instructors often underestimated their abilities. Students strongly preferred ESP classes, prioritizing speaking and writing skills for improvement. However, progress was hindered by outdated textbooks, limited course hours, large class sizes, and a shortage of qualified instructors. Additionally, students struggled with bilingual dictionaries and translating materials due to limited resources. Despite these challenges, 70-90% of students valued ESP classes for academic and career success. The study emphasized the need for curriculum reform and better teaching resources to bridge the gap between students' current abilities and academic goals. Findings also confirmed students' positive attitudes toward learning English. Eventually, Afghan economics students stated that English is a crucial and essential academic requirement, without it, they cannot achieve any academic progress and success since all scientific resources in economics are published in English. |
