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The present paper aims to investigate the amount of multi-cultural education components in the textbooks of secondary schools from 2013 to 2014. It is conducted through text-analysis. The components of Multi-cultural education were initially collected from theoretical text and research background using document analysis and then they were numbered in the textbooks of secondary schools. The units of analysis were sentence, question, picture, activity, and the poem in the textbooks. Research tools were bibliography cards and inventory form in document and text analysis respectively. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The statistical population is the textbooks of secondary schools from 2013 to2014 and samples were Iran and International History I, Iran and International History II, History (Pre-University Schools), Social Studies (Secondary Schools), Sociology I, Sociology II, Social Studies (Pre-University Schools) which were expected to contain multi-cultural education components. The most significant results are as follows: out of 180 frequencies in the text books of secondary schools, History I with 76, i.e. 42.22% contained the most multi-cultural education components and Social Studies of secondary school with 5, i.e. 2.77% contained the least components. Among the components, “introducing various cultures to students in the content of textbooks” had the largest number of frequencies, i.e. 59 and “helping to understand and tolerate different opinions from various cultures, and defining multi-culture homework for students in the content of textbooks” had the smallest one, only 1, i.e. 0.55%.    

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The research goal was to investigate the outcomes of implicit curriculum from university students’ point of view.A purposeful sample of 15 professors and 20 students from shiraz university participated in the study. Data were collected through the research literature and by doing interviews with key experts and then the collected data analyzed by using the thematic network model. The set of 154 coded-common experiences were identified. Findings were classified into three major categories including: 1) basic concepts; 2) organizing themes; 3) inclusive themes. Results generally indicate that the main outcomes that students learned through the implicit curriculum are as follows: 1) authority; 2) discipline behaviors; 3) sense of comfort; 4) self- worth; 5) self-control; 6) social solidarity;  7) value-oriented approach; 8) responsibility;  9) passing exams with the minimum of effort; 10) cheating ; 11) stereotyping; 12) gaining scientific spirit; 13) deep study, and 14) undeep study.

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Future teachers of education are Current students that  focus on the development of teacher knowledge in the field of theory and practice in practicum as an important part of the teacher training program. One of the effective factors in the pre-service programs is schools coach, The study seeks it. The reserch method used in this study was qualitative method and was of phenomenological type. And focuses on four participants, among 22 cases. Participants are 91-92 students have completed 3 practicum. The data is collected through semi-structured interviews and participant observation. As well as semi-structured interviews were done with their mentors. Data through Strauss and Corbin analysis were categorized. The data shows that coach can develop their competence as the greatest intervention in the professional world, Sometimes that role as coach is show As an imitation, or as a joint  exprementation and sometimes in the form of hall of mirrors.

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The main purpose of this study is exploring the roots and foundations of Schwab’s deliberative theory in curriculum. Therefore, after examining this theory in introduction, its foundations and origins were investigated. According to this, basic assumptions of this theory are practical and quasi practical arts, eclectic arts, commonplace and collective decision. Aristotle’s distinction between intellectual and moral virtues, knowledge categories and learning by doing are among the most important origins of Schwab’s’ theory. Distinction between theoretical and practical in Dewey’s ideas, his viewpoints on thinking along with pluralism are the essential foundations to evolution of Schwab’s theory. On the other hand, Haberma’s instrumental – communicative dualism, dialogue between commonplaces to achieve the goals and dialogue conditions and also decision making in micro level based on the communicative rationality, have some important implications for Schwab’s deliberative theory in curriculum.

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In this study using the narratives of Assistant professor about flipped learning of university during her four academic semesters. This study is a narrative inquiry based research, one that belongs to  qualitative and interpretative paradigms.  The data analysis shows that in method the traditional classroom teaching with the same components, but we are dealing arrangement and concluded that it is obtained, it can be different. This study shows Some challenges that exist in the implementation of this method have been discussed. This study analyzed the narrative " flipped learning" in higher education is discussed.

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Abstract: The present research aimed at developing and validating a conceptual model for narrowing the gap between intended, implemented, and attained curricula in the public education system in Iran. Two fundamental questions guided this investigation: what model can be developed to reduce the gap between the three mentioned curricula? To what extent does the proposed model gain the approval? The research enjoyed a mixed method, in which different techniques, such as reviewing documents and inferring were employed to formulate the proposed model. Based on identifying the main factors of the gap.Therefore, the structure of this model was placed into 7 categories: theoretical foundations, desirable features of its curriculum, philosophy, purpose, direction, principles, method of which the gap can be narrowed. Likewise, to validate the proposed model, through a purposive sampling method, we sought out curriculum expert opinions, as well as opinions from specialist in the council for curriculum development. All those experts confirmed the validity of the proposed model strongly. the results revealed that developing such a model to suit the requirements of educational system in Iran would be possible.

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Abstract: The main goal of the present study was to investigate the role of entrepreneurship education model (KAB) to promote trainees entrepreneurial skills in vocational and trainees centers. This study is practical and its methodology is descriptive and is based on the structural modeling of the equations. The population of this study includes the trainees in state-run professional and technical centers and their branches in Isfahan. Based on the Kerjcie table and et al, 285 person are selected by means of clustering according to the appropriate volume; instruments for the compilation of information, the questionnaire for entrepreneurship skills and the researchers’ questionnaire which is provided by KAB teachings are proved reliable with 0/92 Cronbach Alpha. According to the structural modeling of the equations, T-test and the analysis of the variance the result shows a significant relationship between business entrepreneurship teachings and entrepreneurship’s different dimensions (personal, management and technical skills). Also, there was no significant difference in business entrepreneurship teachings according to demographic features (Gender, activity, degree and field of study).

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Abstract: This study has been conducted about one of the fundamental debates in educational system and curriculum development titled“social-citizenship‌training”. The methodology was descriptive-survey and the sampling population was 337 (61 male- 276 female) elementary school teachers in Tabriz which were selected on the basis of multi-staged and comparative cluster sampling For data analysis the Freidman test used. The findings showed that in the“goals”stage the failure of the goals of citizenship training in establishing an effective relationship between schools and other organizations; In“content”stage the negligence of modulation of concepts and skills of citizenship in different zones of learning; in“teaching and learning”stage lack of appropriate activities and in“evaluation”stage overlooking the creativity and innovation of learners;were among the most significant challenges. Meanwhile,the result of the independent T test showed that there was a meaningful difference between the views of female and male teachers on“content”,“learning and teaching activities” and“evaluation“stages. However,about“goal”stage there was no substantial difference.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate viewpoints of experts and teachers about individual characteristics and specialized capabilities of the preschool teachers. This research is descriptive-analytic that two qualitative and quantitative methods are used to conduct it. The population of qualitative phase includes faculty members of universities, PhD students, masters teachers in fields of Psychology, Curriculum and Instruction. The population of quantitative phase includes educators in Fars and Isfahan provinces in academic year 2016.  Sampling method in the qualitative section was purposive and snowball and in quantitative section, 566 teachers have been selected randomly. Information was collected by the semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire. Qualitative findings were categorized based on content analysis and quantitative findings are analyzed by the inferential and descriptive statistics. After performing preliminary study and analyzing the questionnaires, it was determined that reliability of individual characteristics was 86% and that of the specialized capabilities was 87% as well. Results of the Friedman’s test showed that according to viewpoint of teachers about the individual specifications, mental and personal health is very important, among specialized capabilities of the teachers, ability to manage the class is at top of related items in terms of importance.

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The emergence of re-conceptualism in the field of curriculum studies caused a large rotation of identity in this field. The book titled "understanding of curriculum" by William Pinar may be considered the most outstanding work in the field. In this book, movement which affected pre re-conceptualist, are introduced as the traditional type and it is believed the new curriculum discourses should be considered instead. That caused Joseph Schwab's theory is charged in the group of traditional pre re-conceptualist theories. This paper, by analyzing and identifying differences of Tyler's theory, Schwab's theory and re-conceptualism, plans to criticize this way of thinking and tries to introduce a new explanation of curriculum studies field as a practical one based on the role of Schwab's theory in the evolution of history of curriculum studies field.

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The conceptions, practices and efforts of some education systems in ten countries and four continents of the world, in area of national curriculum, have been reviewed and analyzed in this inquiry to represent a brief look of their experiences and obtain some guidelines for delineating and developing national curriculum. The methodology in this inquiry has been descriptive and analytical research with emphasis on the qualitative dimension of inquiry. The selection of educational systems as inquiry sample has been purposeful. Data gathering from the countries has been done through the six components of the inquiry which are the main criteria in reviewing, assessing and delineating national curriculum practices and conceptions in these education systems. They are as below: 1- goals and other curriculum main elements; 2- conceptions and theorization; 3- necessities, preconditions and foregrounds; 4-structural and implementation characteristics; 5- attention to school based curriculum development; and 6-interest to the field of curriculum orientations.

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“Powerful Knowledge” is the main concept in Michael Young’s Knowledge-based curriculum theory. For more than 4 decades, he has been developing a variety of educational Ideas under the shadow of the concept. This paper tries to take out its implications for Curriculum theory, by reviewing most of annotated bibliography which was published by Young. The paper also covers some remarks and critiques on the concept and reflects them in a classified manner, and making inferences from them to conclude the most important implications of the concept for theory and practice.

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This study aimed to investigate the impact of Parallel teaching on the academic performance of students in the sixth grade in math and their attitude toward school was conducted. The research method was experimental and pretest-posttest with control and experimental groups. Statistical population consisted sixth female students in Tabriz in the academic year 94-95 and the sample size is 70 persons that 35 of them in the control group and 35 patients in the experimental group were exposed. So in the experimental group Parallel teaching was conducted for 2 months and in the control group one teacher was used for teaching. The Analysis of ANCOVA was performed on the math achievement of students in the experimental and control group's shows that the students' mathematics achievement between the experimental and control groups was a significant difference observed

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کتاب روایتی از کلاس‌های درس دانشگاهی , آن‌گونه که عباس کاظمی در مقدمه آورده است, بخشی از گزارش پژوهشی مفصل است که از سال 1393 آغازشده و به دنبال تحقیق درباره کلاس‌های درس و نارضایتی استادان و دانشجویان از کلاس است. دانشجویانی که از محتوای کلاس‌ها ناراضی‌اند و استادانی که بی‌رغبتی دانشجویان به کلاس  و درس آن‌ها را آزار می‌دهد. 
این کتاب شامل دو نوع گفتار است. در برخی از این گفتارها, افراد از تجربه زیسته خود سخن گفته‌اند و در برخی دیگر, تحلیل‌ها, ایده‌ها و نظرات خود درباره کلاس درس دانشگاهی را بیان کرده‌اند. همه آن‌ها از تجربه تدریس خود نمی‌گویند, بلکه  بعضی از آن­ها, ایده‌هایی عرضه می‌کنند.

 

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Flipped classroom is a way to create positive changes in education; therefore, in the present study we tried to offer a comprehensive operating model of implementation of this method based on research synthesis. The corpus of this study consisted of all scientific articles published about the implementation of flipped classroom. From this corpus 1084 papers were identified through constant searching of the scientific data bases and a total of 100 articles were selected for the final analysis. A researcher-made worksheet form was used for the purpose of reporting and submitting information. The obtained data were analyzed through six-step model for meta-synthesis Roberts using Open and axial coding techniques. According to the findings Curriculum Design in the flipped classroom includes a change in the structure of classroom which has defined different and new roles and responsibilities for teachers and learners.

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The present study seeks to rethink the role of the teacher in the teaching-learning process according to the complexity theory. First, the role of the teacher is explained in the traditional vision of Comenius and Dewey's critical insight and then the role of the teacher is discussed in the complexity theory. Then, the teacher’s image as an emergence facilitator is suggested instead of their image as a representer. In this way, the facilitator role, as recommended by the complexity theory, involves creating a context for participation along with engagement and attention, hermeneutic listening, using imagination and improvising, the emergence of different interpretations, and the non-linear, unpredictable, self-regulated, and common knowledge and awareness. From this viewpoint, facilitating and learning which are considered as simultaneous and continuous and are not limited to teacher or learners, could establish a context for the emergence of common knowledge at the classroom level.

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number of postgraduate students has been growing exponentially in Iran in the last two decades. That is while the number of faculty has not increased proportionally to keep up with the fast growth. Hence, the student-faculty ratio has widened, turning thesis and dissertations into chaotic scene. Accordingly, this paper aims at uncovering how Iranian professors supervise postgraduate research projects in such a complex unprecedented context. The research participants are 45 postgraduate students who were selected purposively by criterion sampling strategy and interviewed by informal and in-depth techniques. Methodologically, the research may be deemed as grounded theory with emergent design (proposed by Charmaz). Thus, the data were analyzed at two levels, namely initial and focused (secondary) coding, and a quadripartite typology emerged consequently

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The concept of “synergy” initially emerged in bioscience and management science accordingly followed by its success in behavioral, social, political and relation science, synergy was applied in curriculum development. The concept of synergistic curriculum was formed which covers curriculum in a wider aspect. The so-called consept provides school educationalists with opportunities to put curriculum concept into practice which go beyond the conventional curriculum. The synergistic curriculum focuses on two sections of the curriculum: The silent and talking curriculum. The present article elaborate these points as well as the achivments of synergistic curriculum.
 

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