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This qualitative study aimed to compare the qualification of Higher Education system and Education system in field of teacher education. Using qualitative content analysis, with open coding data by interviews and open-ended questionnaire, data been coded and categorized and then analyzed. Participants of research were selected by purposive sampling (22 samples). Through participants opinions four category of views were identified; 1- agree with higher education, 2- agree with education, 3- conditional agree with both, 4- agree with with the new structure. Inattention to practical practices, lack of affiliated schools for training, and inappropriate evaluation of students’ performances in training, are the most important weaknesses of higher education system. Also, low academic ability of the faculties of Farhangian University, low flexibility and very limited freedom to thinking for change, low skills in research, and intense centralism are the most weaknesses of Education system specially Farhangian University. Adherents of new structure for teacher training, critisize both organizations (Education system and Higher education system) and named weaknesses such as: weakness in educational and pedagogical research and analysis, weakness in theorizing and acting and presenting techniques for improvement teacher education, and weakness in making appropriate contents for the curricula of teacher training. Ultimately, according to a teacher education curriculum, 4 aspects of knowledge have been proposed; content knowledge, educational knowlwge, practice knowledge, and introductory knowledge into teacher profession.

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The aim of this study was to increase understanding of how to change theoretical and practical knowledge of primary school teachers. The research approach was qualitative. The data were collected through focus group interviews. The sample size was obtained after the saturation phase including 25 teachers. The data were analyzed using content /thematic analysis. Two techniques were used for increasing the trustworthiness of data including member check, and peer review or debriefing. The findings were labeled in three categories comprising the quality of theoretical and practical knowledge change, the change channels of theoretical and practical knowledge of teachers and the factors influencing the change of teachers' theoretical and practical knowledge. These categories embraced the sub-categories. As sum, the results revealed that the low quality of teachers' in-service curriculum bring the unimportant change in theoretical and practical knowledge of teachers. Design and development of teachers' in-service curriculum, needs change in instrumental perspective of designers and executives of curriculum-making toward change phenomenon in teachers.

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The aim of study was to explore teachers’ lived experiences about implementing work and technology curriculum. Phenomenology research was used. Fifteen participants were selected through purposeful sampling. They were teachers of the seventh and eighth grades of lower secondary schools in Karaj. Data colledted through semi structured interviews and tape recordings. The results show Officials’ ignorance of the teacher’s practical knowledge, lack of the appropriate strategy for evaluation, a limited time frame and inadequate equipment that make teachers less motivated and for some of them a withdrawal from training programs. Improving teachers' attitudes towards new curriculum will be possible, considering professional and continual training service, providing an appropriate teaching context, exchange of experiences among teachers and ongoing teachers relationship with officials. Research findings indicate that administrators and parent’s knowledge in the new curriculum need for revision and culture promotion through increased knowledge and using the curriculum in student’s life activities.

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The purpose of the present research was The pathology of Farhangian university internship for present an appropriate model. Mixed species research was used and Sequential explanatory method. The study population consisted of teachers, teachers' guides and Interns Farhangian university have been Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. Quantitative phase, teachers census method and the other two groups were sampled randomly. Purposive sampling was used in the qualitative phase.According to the results, Also, among the objectives, learning activities, time, space and evaluation of school education; The teachers took time component and two other groups, learning activities and assessment was unfavorable. In the qualitative phase of the seven themes of opportunity, challenge and 17 were 14 Requirements. Based on the findings and opinion of experts, a model with 14 factors in three areas of policy-making, implementation and support presented

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This study conducted with aim of investigation profound experiences of elementary male students in the fourth and fifth grades from the descriptive evaluation. The method of this study was qualitative and phenomenological one. To achieve this objective and considering the nature of the study, purposeful sampling was used. Collected Data were saturated by interviewing with nine students. Data were analyzed by MAXQDA10 software. The results of these experiences were summarized at five themes and several subthemes. These themes included: "positive perception of descriptive evaluation", "negative perception of descriptive evaluation", "appropriate for bottom grades" pleasant for lazy students parents "and" harmful for lazy students". These findings can help Authorities in investigation the conditions of descriptive evaluation, its advantages and disadvantages. So they can take steps in Solving Problems and improvements, Remove or replacement of this evaluation.

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This research aimed to study the challenges which elementary teachers deal with lesson study. This research studied challenges in three stages, before, during and after lesson study. To achieve the aim of the research, a case study in a school was used. Participants of this research have been 20 elementary teacher of that school. Data collection tools have been semi-structured interviews with teachers and participatory observation. Coding and categorizing were used to analyzing data. Findings showed that teachers faced with three categories of challenges before lesson study: teachers' knowledge about lesson study, teachers’ motivation to participatet in lesson study, creating group and determination of the responsibilities of the group members. During lesson study teachers faced with three categories of challenges: selecting problem, implementing lesson and data collection, reviewing and criticizing the lesson. After lesson study teachers confronted with three categories of challenges: refereeing, publishing and the lesson study festival.

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This research is based on the experience of the faculty members of the College of Mathematics, Engineering, and Basic Sciences (STEM) at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2017 in implementing professional development curricula. The data of this research were extracted from a qualitative and descriptive phenomenological method with semi-structured interviewing tool. Data is analyzed through coding and categorization. Sampling in this section was targeted through a criterion type and a total of 21 people participated. To credited, Delphi technique was agreed by the experts and experts on issues. Given the research structure and the four areas in the curriculum, researchers' perceptions of the themes and concepts related to each field were referred. A total of 37 categories and finally four general categories including design, implementation, field and evaluation in three areas of strengths, leading issues and desirability of curriculum. The results of this study showed that a great deal has been reported between the design and implementation of the programs, as well as a conceptual model based on the life experiences of the faculty members and, finally, suggestions were presented.

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This study aimed toexplain factors affecting qualityof teaching and determine their impact onteaching quality.The mixed research approach was used for collecting the data. The population (qualitative method) consisted of staff at central organization of university and researchers of university in 2011- 2016; they were selected using combined sampling method.The population (quantitative method)also consistedof educational assistants,headsof research andeducation department, and faculty members in2016.In qualitative study,the exploratory interviews andsemi-structured interviews wereused for collecting thedata.Inquantitative study,theidentified categories which were derived from encoding qualitative data were used to create paired comparison questionnaires; they included factors affecting quality of teaching.The resultswere analyzed using AHPmethod.Thefindings indicatedthat the contribution of teacher, educational environment, and students was estimated to be41,33, and 26 percent, respectively.Among teacher components,the professional skillsof teacher(weight326) was determined to be themost important component; among student components,theacademicrecords andexperiences(weight463)was determinedto bethe mostcomponent;andamong educational environment components,quality educational spaces and equipment(weight429)was determined to be the most important component.
 
 
 

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In the new internship program for Iranian Teacher Educaton Courses, a key role for the "supervisor" has been taken into account. This paper attempts to recapture the experience of living masters of the Guide, which has experience in implementing all the internship programs (1-4) that participated in its first implementation, through an interview with 26 people in 11 provinces of the country. The basis of this is the image of the internship program. The experience of this group shows that internship programs have been "accepted" and have been able to help develop student literacy competences, increase the ability of guidance teachers, and even improve the knowledge of guidance professors. However, the implementation of the first part of this program is accompanied by problems of implementation and support, and the professors of the internship guide believe that "the new internship program should be maintained" and, in some respects, "be amended".

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  The purpose of this research was to employ a mixed method of convergent triangulation design to evaluate the seventh-grade math curriculum. qualitative phase of  study was a case study, whereas quantitative stage was an evaluation study with the CIPP model. research population consisted of  seventh-grade female mathematics teachers and students of Islamshahr. purposeful sampling method was a strategy to collect qualitative data through a semi-structured interview in the qualitative inquiry, while multistage random cluster sampling was running to fill questionnaires and analyzing final exams in the quantitative study. results showed that quality of the context is high and desirable, where the condition of input is low and unsuitable. Moreover, the quality of the process and product was acceptable from the teachers and students' points of view. In addition, analyzing mathematics examinations indicated that the knowledge of students is insufficient, while they did not also have a positive attitude towards mathematics.
 

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Quality education and accurate understanding of the course of architectural design and urban planning, which is in fact a means to acquaint civil engineering students with the field of architecture and also to eliminate the deep gap between the two disciplines, is necessary. The purpose is to evaluate the quality of education of the mentioned course for undergraduate students of the faculty of civil engineering. The employed investigation method is qualitative-Analytical and applicable.  The statistical society is comprised of whole students, which passed architecture design and urban development lesson in B.A degree of civil engineering in Tabriz University. The achieved results demonstrated that the quality of education was 24.44% weak, 67.77% moderate, and 7.77% high. The investigated parameters in educational point of view were mostly relatively undesirable and in configuration point of view were relatively desirable. Finally, suggestions have been made to improve the quality of education in this course.

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The aim of this study was to discover the philosophical foundations of teaching in teaching-learning strategies to determine the position of identifying these foundations in the field of thought and practice. The research approach was descriptive-analytical and of qualitative and documentary type. Data were collected using text analysis technique and taken from texts of different sources, using form and note taking. To answer the research question, six epistemological questions were asked in line with various teaching models. The results showed that knowledge in the teaching models of information processing is relative and subjective and the type of knowledge in the teaching models of this family can be classified as sensory knowledge, experimental intellectual knowledge and partly intuitive knowledge. The results in the philosophical schools section supporting these models included the classical schools (idealism and realism), the school of pragmatism, naturalism, existentialism, and postmodernism (individual and social constructivism).

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The aim of this study was to investigate the process of primary school teachers resistance to implementation of the formal curriculum. The approach of the present study was qualitative and the Grounded theory method was used in this research. The statistical population included primary school teachers in East Azerbaijan province. The process of sampling and selection of participants continued until data saturation was achieved and Finally, 18 elementary school teachers were selected using available sampling method. The results showed that "rational resistance" as a central phenomenon, "Lack of teacher empowerment, lack of student participation and lack of facilities in education" as background conditions, "Curriculum deviations, teacher personality, textbook deficiencies and teacher weakness" as causal conditions, "Teacher beliefs and cultural conditions" as intervening conditions, "Consequences of the curriculum and the self-actualization of teachers" as a consequence And "Educational Strategies, Paying Attention to Student Needs, and Curriculum Optimization" were identified as strategies.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the experiences of teachers in the implementation of art curriculum in the context of virtual education in the first elementary school. For this purpose, qualitative research method with phenomenological approach was used. Participants in the study included first grade elementary school teachers in the academic year 1399-1400 .which reached a theoretical saturation by purposive sampling with 11 people. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. The data obtained from the interview were extracted by inductive content analysis method and using open coding technique in concept sections, subcategories and main categories. The most important categories extracted included new goals, creative assignments, new teaching methods, use of various games, art education websites, audio file (storytelling). Also, the most important benefits extracted included the use of various resources and materials in education, appropriate and optimal use of teaching time, more teacher communication with individual students.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of ethnicity and lived ethnic experiences of junior school students in the formal-hidden curriculum of Iran's academic year in 2019-2020.The research method in the first part of documentary analysis and qualitative content analysis with 3 volumes of social studies book including 553 pages.Content Analysis Unit;Text-Images and activities.The second part of the qualitative and phenomenological research method was purposeful sampling of participants including 30 students (persian-Azeri-Kurd-Lor-gilak) and 20 teachers.Student journal and informal interview were also used. Findings show that only 6% of the three sections of the examined content pay attention to the desirable components of ethnicity, which is very undesirable in the formal curriculum.In the analysis of information,cultural assimilation, superficial thoughts about ethnic culture, educational inequality, cultural diversity alienism,neglect of peaceful coexistence appeared, overall, it can be acknowledged that the position of ethnicity in the hidden curriculum was not desirable

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Methodology Crisis in Curriculum Research

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Abstract: Thecurrent research aimed to analyze the curriculumsuitable for the characteristics.of.generationz.inTehran's high school.the This study has a qualitative approach in terms of purpose, and application, and based on the theory of Siofang and Chanon,it has an inductive content analysis.This research is based on semi-structured interviews and purposeful sampling with the participation of 43 people from scientific, executive, and focal groups.Afterthe semi-structured interviews during the coding stages, data analysis was done in 7 steps.To validatethe findings, the methodof negotiationwith external auditors was used and for reliability, the Lincoln and Guba method was used. Findings: In addition to emphasizing the importance of generational knowledge and the characteristics, preferences and needs of generation z, the curriculum is suitable for the characteristics of generation z، based on 200 indicators of 30 components and 10 principles(logic,goals,contentlearningstrategies,characteristicsofteachersofgenerationz,learning.situations,assessmentand,evaluation،backgroundfactors,emergingphenomena, and modern revolutions) whichled to the extraction of theconceptual frameworkof thecurriculumsuitablefor thecharacteristics of generation z.          
 

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The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the level of attention paid to the components of the readable design in the content of the Persian curriculum of the upper elementary school, which was based on the method of content analysis and Shannon entropy. The research community of Persian books of the second elementary school and sampling was not considered. The collection tool was a content analysis list made by the researcher, the validity of which was confirmed by the opinions of respected curriculum professors and provincial teachers of KhANA Plan. Its reliability was also determined by the teachers of the reading plan and the agreement coefficient was 85 percent. Based on the findings of this research, the amount of attention paid to language skills component of KhANA plan in the content of the fourth grade Persian curriculum, is 80 percent, fifth grade 80, and sixth grade 85 percent, and in total, 82 percent of third-grade Persian in upper elementary school. And the amount of attention paid to the component of manners and life skills in KhANA plan (politeness, responsibility and courage) in persian content is 45%, 5th 47%, 6th 42% and in total 48%.

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The method of this research is descriptive - survey. The statistical population of this research includes undergraduate students in the fields of education, psychology and Persian language and literature that at the time of the research, they were in the seventh semester of their studies and their number was 439 students. The sample size was selected by referring to Krejcie and Morgan table and by relative stratified random sampling method of 205 people. The instrument used in the study was researcher-made questionnaires and the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained through Cronbach's alpha of 0.847. Findings showed that in the field of cognition and emotion, new curricula have led to the acquisition of necessary knowledge and the acquisition of desirable attitudes toward the field of study in students; But in the field of psycho-motor (skills) new curricula have not led to the acquisition of desirable skills

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This Study aims to look into the evolution and revision of higher education curricula Post September 11, 2001. The study used a qualitative research method with an historical lens. The investigator shows the evolution of reviewing higher education curricula in 21st century from an analytical perspective. The study uses archival analysis primarily research publications and  documents related to higher education curricula available online and printed in digital sources.The finding show that the higher education curriculum in Afghanistan has gone through different phases. The data suggest that the curriculum experience show a transition from a relatively irregular curriculum planning system before September 11 to a centralized curriculum system post September 11 leading towards opinion polls and the delegation of some autonomy for curriculum to prestigious universities.The study found that 165 majors were identified that needed to be reviewed;among them, the curriculum of 71 fields of study have been revised to date