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Qaffar Khosravani Asl, Iraj Hashemzade Sagharloo, Esmaeel Pirali, Asghar Abdoli,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (6-2016)
Abstract

In this study phylogenetic relationship of the Jajrud River Brown trout Salmo trutta L. 1758 in the Namak Lake basin was analyzed using complete D-Loop sequence of the mitochondrial genome, compared to other Iranian populations of the species. The results clarified that Jajrud brown trout, similar to other Iranian brown trout populations belongs to the Danube phylogenetic lineage. The observed haplotype in the Jajrud population is similar to the reported haplotype in the Karaj River. Based on the results the Namak Lake basin brown trout affined to the Caspian populations and its relationship to Salmo macrostigma was not confirmed.  Since the Karaj and Jajrud River haplotypes have not been observed in the Caspian Sea basin and because of its relationship to other Iranian and Danube haplotypes it is plausible to consider this haplotype as an old haplotype that also may exist in the Caspian Sea basin. According to the biology of Brown trout, geographic characteristics, and based on the properties of the Namak haplotype it may be inferred that the Namak Basin Brown trout populations are native to the basin and are not introduced.


Hadiseh Esfade, Ghadireh Mirabolghasemi, Mahnaz Azarnia,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (8-2019)
Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is known to be resistant to insulin, to dysfunction of beta cells and to increase liver glucose production. Poor glucose control during hyperglycemia causes damage to the tissues and creates dangerous consequences, such as infertility. Chronic hyperglycemia has harmful effects on the growth of follicles, which is essential for normal female sexual function. Metformin is the most widely prescribed drug in diabetes, but chemical drugs, despite their undeniable benefits, have destructive effects, so alternative strategies for current modern diabetes medications are essential. Herbal medicines are widely used by patients, based on non-medical recommendations and as blood-glucose-lowering agents, including the nettle. Nettle contributes to lower plasma glucose levels by secreting insulin and increasing the proliferation of beta cells in the pancreas. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of nettle extract as a supplement of metformin on ovarian tissue of diabetic model. In this experimental study, 30 female Wistar rats were used. Animals were weighed and randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6).  1) control group  2) diabetic group who were diabetic with intravenous injection of alloxan (150 mg / kg)  3) diabetic group + Nettle root extract (150 mg / kg)  4) diabetic + metformin (150mg / kg)  5) Diabetic group + Metformin(150 mg / kg) + Nettle root extract(150 mg / kg). At the end of treatment, the effect of metformin and nettle root extract on ovarian tissue and biochemical factors such as blood glucose and sex hormones were compared and the data obtained were analyzed by SPSS. Hyperglycemia and body weight loss after metformin and nettle root increased for 4 weeks. Simultaneous administration of metformin and extracts of nettle root significantly increased the primordial, primary, secondary, and corpus luteum and reduced the atretic follicles and significantly increased FSH, LH and testosterone levels as compared with metformin alone. The results of this study showed that the root of nettle with its antioxidant compounds and other properties could be a complement to metformin with a corrective effect on hyperglycemia and the improvement of ovarian disorders.


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