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The extensive application of dyes in the textile industries and their discharge in the wastewaters leads to numerous environmental pollutions; therefore, treating these wastewaters by efficient and eco-friendly methods is a necessity. In this study, potent strains were isolated by the enrichment technique according to their maximum dye sorption at the lowest possible time at 500nm. Consequently, the best isolate was selected and the dye removal was investigated in different concentrations of Congo red. Therefore, 50 different fungal strains were isolated in this study, of which 10 were able to dye removal. According to the results, isolate ­ADH8 was selected as the best strain with 94% of dye sorption. Moreover, during 48 hours, 80% of dye content was removed at all dye concentrations by this isolate, and the most growth rate and dye removal was achieved at 1000­ mg/l. The results showed that different salt concentrations have no effect on dye sorption of the selected isolate. Molecular identification of ADH8 revealed that this isolate have a 100% similarity to Mucor circinelloides which was deposited under the accession number of UTMC­5032 in the University of Tehran Microorganisms Collection. The results obtained from the dye removal of textile wastewater showed that the most amount of dye sorption by M. circinelloides UTMC­5032­ was 35-60% during three ­hours of biomass treatment as compared with the control sample. The obtained results indicated that, M. circinelloides UTMC­5032 is highly capable in azo dyes sorption and could be utilized in the biosorption of dye in the textile industries wastewaters for the first time.

 

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Phytase can improve the nutritional value of plant-based foods by enhancing protein digestibility and mineral availability through phytate digestion in the stomach and the food processing industry. Microbial sources are more promising for the production of phytases on a commercial scale. The objectives of this exploration were to screening and isolation of phytase-producing bacteria from hot spring with commercial interest. Molecular identification of the best isolate was achieved by the 16S rDNA gene. Optimization of phytase production was prepared in the presence of different phosphate, nitrogen, and carbon sources. Enzyme activity and stability were also explored in the presence of different pHs, temperatures, and ion compounds. Comparing the 16S rDNA gene sequence of the isolate LOR10 with those in GenBank using Clustal omega shows 98% sequence homology with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Medium optimization studies showed that galactose, yeast extract, and tricalcium phosphate were the best sources of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate for phytase production, respectively. The optimum temperature activity was also observed to be 70 ^oC. Phytase stability was at its optimum in a pH range of 5.0–8.0. Phytase activity increased in the presence of CaCl₂, ZnCl₂, and MnSO₄ about 1.4, 2.3 and 1.6 folds, respectively. It could be mentioned that phytase activity decreased by about 30 % in the presence of EDTA and SDS. On the basis of the results, it could be concluded that LOR10 phytase has a great potential for commercial interest as an additive to animal plant-based foods.