Most of agricultural lands in Iran are located in arid and semi-arid regions and are considered as saline soils. In order to investigate the interaction of salinity as well as potassium and calcium on the growth and yield of tomato plants, a factorial experiment was perfected in the form of randomized complete blocks, in hydroponic conditions, with three replicates per treatment. Experimental factors include salinity at three levels (0, 20, and 40 mM NaCl), potassium content form chloride, nitrate (0 and 15 mM), and calcium from chloride, and nitrate (with 0 and 10 mM (. The studied growth factors, including plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, flowers and fruits and leaf chlorophyll decreased with increase NaCl. Treatment plants with Ca (NO₃)₂ at 40 mM NaCl, increased the shoot and root dry weight by 55% and 95%, respectively. In addition, application of Ca (NO₃)₂ in the medium with maximum salinity concentration resulted in an increase of 75% in chlorophyll content. The analysis of data showed that the increase of salinity was accompanied with increase sodium content level of tomato plants. However, the root potassium was observed to decrease. On the contrast to the root, potassium content showed no change in the organs from the root upwards. Also, the use of Ca (NO₃)₂ with 40 mM NaCl reduced Na⁺ content by 23% compared with plants treated only with 40 mM NaCl. According to the results, it seems that application of Ca (NO₃)₂ may improve chlorophyll content, dry weight, and modulate ion hemostasis and decreased the negative of salt stress in tomato plants.

Chickpea is one of the most important plants of the legume family and is very important in the diet. In order to investigate the genetic diversity of chickpea, an experiment was conducted with 18 chickpea genotypes in the form of a completely to investigate the genetic diversity of chickpea, an experiment was conducted with 18 chickpea genotypes in the form of a completely randomized block design. After acclimatization of plants to cold, freezing treatment was applied at temperatures of -6, -8 and -10 and their 50% lethality temperature (LT₅₀) was determined by probit transformation. Before and after the habituation stage, a leaf sample was taken and the relative content of leaf water, photosynthetic pigments, proline, soluble sugar, protein percentage, catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and greenness index were measured. Genotype number 5 with the lowest LT₅₀ (-8.86) and the highest survival percentage (80%) was the most resistant genotype and genotype 10 with the highest LT₅₀ (-3.57) and the lowest survival percentage along with genotype 15 were recognized as the most sensitive genotypes. In order to evaluate genetic diversity, DNA extraction was utilized and 21 different ISSR primers were used in the investigation. The results showed the presence of polymorphism among the cultivars studied. A total of 101 clear bands were produced, of which 94 were polymorphic bands. Polymorphic information content (PIC) was in the range of 0.332 (initiator 7) to 0.049 (initiator 16). The amount of gene diversity was between 0.126 and 0.977 changes. Cluster analysis of genotypes was done using Jaccard similarity coefficient and UPGMA method