The Effect Of Feedback Interventions On Lower Limb Mechanics And Performance In people With Motor Control Deficits In Jump-Landing Movements: a Systematic Review

Ashrafizadeh, Mohadeseh; Norasteh, Ali Asghar

Volume 23, Issue 30 (1-2026) RSMT 2026, 23(30): 268-290 | Back to browse issues page

Mendeley

Zotero

RefWorks

Ashrafizadeh M, Norasteh A A. The Effect Of Feedback Interventions On Lower Limb Mechanics And Performance In people With Motor Control Deficits In Jump-Landing Movements: a Systematic Review. RSMT 2026; 23 (30) :268-290
URL: http://jsmt.khu.ac.ir/article-1-681-en.html

The Effect Of Feedback Interventions On Lower Limb Mechanics And Performance In people With Motor Control Deficits In Jump-Landing Movements: a Systematic Review

Mohadeseh Ashrafizadeh

, Ali Asghar Norasteh

PhD, Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. , ashrafizadeh.m1994@gmail.com

Abstract: (3845 Views)

Introduction & Aim: Motor control deficits such as dynamic knee valgus and quadriceps dominance are recognized as key modifiable risk factors for lower-limb injuries. Feedback-based training has been proposed as an effective strategy to correct high-risk biomechanics. This systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of feedback interventions on lower-limb mechanics and performance during jump-landing movements
Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar) and national databases (Magiran, Irandoc) from 2000 to 2023. Studies were included if they examined the effects of any form of feedback on healthy individuals with lower-limb motor control deficits. From an initial 540 retrieved articles, 20 studies met the inclusion criteria after screening and full-text review.
Results: Most studies reported that feedback, particularly external or real-time feedback, led to increased flexion angles of the hip and knee in the sagittal plane during jump-landing. The findings regarding frontal plane mechanics were inconsistent: some studies showed a reduction in knee valgus angle, while others reported no significant change. A majority confirmed a reduction in peak vertical ground reaction force following feedback. However, limited studies assessed performance outcomes such as jump height or reactive strength index, and their findings were contradictory.
Conclusion: Feedback interventions appear effective in improving biomechanical risk factors related to lower-limb injury during jump-landing tasks; however, their impact on functional performance remains unclear. Further research is required to determine long-term retention and performance outcomes.

Keywords: Valgus Knee, Dynamic Knee Valgus, Quadriceps Dominancy, Biomechanics, Kinematic, Performance And Feedback

Full-Text [PDF 2056 kb] (84 Downloads)

Type of Study: Research | Subject: آسیب شناسی و حرکات اصلاحی
Received: 2024/10/9 | Accepted: 2025/08/3 | Published: 2026/01/30

References

1. eong J, Choi D-H, Shin CSJTAjosm. Core strength training can alter neuromuscular and biomechanical risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury. 2021;49(1):183-92. [DOI:10.1177/0363546520972990]

2. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546520972990 [DOI:10.1177/0363546520972990.]

3. Letafatkar A, Rajabi R, Tekamejani EE, Minoonejad HJTk. Effects of perturbation training on knee flexion angle and quadriceps to hamstring cocontraction of female athletes with quadriceps dominance deficit: Pre-post intervention study. 2015;22(3):230-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2015.02.001 [DOI:10.1016/j.knee.2015.02.001.]

4. Begalle RL, DiStefano LJ, Blackburn T, Padua DAJJoat. Quadriceps and hamstrings coactivation during common therapeutic exercises. 2012;47(4):396-405. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-47.4.01 [DOI:10.4085/1062-6050-47.4.01.]

5. Heinert BL, Collins T, Tehan C, Ragan R, Kernozek TWJIJoSM. Effect of hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio on knee forces in females during landing. 2021;42(03):264-9. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1128-6995 [DOI:10.1055/a-1128-6995.]

6. Hughes G, Dally NJS, Sports. Gender difference in lower limb muscle activity during landing and rapid change of direction. 2015;30(3):163-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-022-00469-3 [DOI:10.1186/s13102-022-00469-3.]

7. Hébert-Losier K, Schelin L, Tengman E, Strong A, Häger CKJTK. Curve analyses reveal altered knee, hip, and trunk kinematics during drop-jumps long after anterior cruciate ligament rupture. 2018;25(2):226-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2017.12.005 [DOI:10.1016/j.knee.2017.12.005.]

8. Hollman JH, Nagai T, Bates NA, McPherson AL, Schilaty NDJCB. Diminished neuromuscular system adaptability following anterior cruciate ligament injury: Examination of knee muscle force variability and complexity. 2021;90:105513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105513 [DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105513.]

9. Nielsen G, Stone J, Buszewicz M, Carson A, Goldstein LH, Holt K, et al. Physio4FMD: protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial of specialist physiotherapy for functional motor disorder. 2019;19(1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-019-1461-9 [DOI:10.1186/s12883-019-1461-9.]

10. Armitano CN, Haegele JA, Russell DMJJoAT. The use of augmented information for reducing anterior cruciate ligament injury risk during jump landings: a systematic review. 2018;53(9):844-59. [DOI:10.4085/1062-6050-320-17]

11. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-320-17 [DOI:10.4085/1062-6050-320-17.]

12. Leonard KA, Simon JE, Yom J, Grooms DRJIJoSPT. The immediate effects of expert and dyad external focus feedback on drop landing biomechanics in female athletes: An instrumented field study. 2021;16(1):96. https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.18717 [DOI:10.26603/001c.18717.]

13. Benjaminse A, Otten B, Gokeler A, Diercks RL, Lemmink KAJKS, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. Motor learning strategies in basketball players and its implications for ACL injury prevention: a randomized controlled trial. 2017;25:2365-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-015-3727-0 [DOI:10.1007/s00167-015-3727-0.]

14. Oñate JA, Guskiewicz KM, Marshall SW, Giuliani C, Yu B, Garrett WEJTAjosm. Instruction of jump-landing technique using videotape feedback: altering lower extremity motion patterns. 2005;33(6):831-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546504271499 [DOI:10.1177/0363546504271499.]

15. Herman DC, Oñate JA, Weinhold PS, Guskiewicz KM, Garrett WE, Yu B, et al. The effects of feedback with and without strength training on lower extremity biomechanics. 2009;37(7):1301-8. [DOI:10.1177/0363546509332253]

16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546509332253 [DOI:10.1177/0363546509332253.]

17. Hewett TE, Myer GD, Ford KRJTAjosm. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes: Part 1, mechanisms and risk factors. 2006;34(2):299-311. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546505284183 [DOI:10.1177/0363546505284183.]

18. Buccino G, Binkofski F, Riggio LJB, language. The mirror neuron system and action recognition. 2004;89(2):370-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-934X(03)00356-0 [DOI:10.1016/S0093-934X(03)00356-0.]

19. Sugimoto D, Alentorn-Geli E, Mendiguchía J, Samuelsson K, Karlsson J, Myer GDJSM. Biomechanical and neuromuscular characteristics of male athletes: implications for the development of anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programs. 2015;45:809-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0311-1 [DOI:10.1007/s40279-015-0311-1.]

20. Benjaminse A, Gokeler A, Dowling AV, Faigenbaum A, Ford KR, Hewett TE, et al. Optimization of the anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention paradigm: novel feedback techniques to enhance motor learning and reduce injury risk. 2015;45(3):170-82. https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2015.4986. [DOI:10.2519/jospt.2015.4986]

21. Benjaminse A, Welling W, Otten B, Gokeler AJPtiS. Novel methods of instruction in ACL injury prevention programs, a systematic review. 2015;16(2):176-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2014.06.003 [DOI:10.1016/j.ptsp.2014.06.003.]

22. Benjaminse A, Postma W, Janssen I, Otten EJJoat. Video feedback and 2-dimensional landing kinematics in elite female handball players. 2017;52(11):993-1001. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-52.10.11 [DOI:10.4085/1062-6050-52.10.11.]

23. Chappell JD, Limpisvasti OJTAjosm. Effect of a neuromuscular training program on the kinetics and kinematics of jumping tasks. 2008;36(6):1081-6. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546508314425 [DOI:10.1177/0363546508314425.]

24. Marshall AN, Hertel J, Hart JM, Russell S, Saliba SAJJoAT. Visual biofeedback and changes in lower extremity kinematics in individuals with medial knee displacement. 2020;55(3):255-64. [DOI:10.4085/1062-6050-383-18]

25. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-383-18 [DOI:10.4085/1062-6050-383-18.]

26. Ericksen HM, Thomas AC, Gribble PA, Armstrong C, Rice M, Pietrosimone BJCB. Jump-landing biomechanics following a 4-week real-time feedback intervention and retention. 2016;32:85-91. [DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2016.01.005]

27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2016.01.005 [DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2016.01.005.]

28. Norasteh AA, Ashrafizadeh MJTSJoRM. Evaluation of the immediate effect of feedback on the performance of athletes with lower limb movement pattern defects. 2021.

29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/SJRM.12.5.12. [DOI:10.32598/SJRM.12.5.12]

30. Sahabuddin FNA, Jamaludin NI, Bahari MLHS, Najib RKMRA, Shaharudin SJJoPE, Sport. Lower limb biomechanics during drop vertical jump at different heights among university athletes. 2021;21(4):1829-35. DOI:10.7752/jpes.2021.04231. [DOI:10.7752/jpes.2021.04231]

31. Barker LA, Harry JR, Mercer JAJTjos, research c. Relationships between countermovement jump ground reaction forces and jump height, reactive strength index, and jump time. 2018;32(1):248-54. [DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002160]

32. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002160. [DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002160]

33. Montalvo AM, Schneider DK, Webster KE, Yut L, Galloway MT, Heidt Jr RS, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in sport: a systematic review and meta-analysis of injury incidence by sex and sport classification. 2019;54(5):472-82. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-407-16 [DOI:10.4085/1062-6050-407-16.]

34. Dai B, Garrett WE, Gross MT, Padua DA, Queen RM, Yu BJTAjosm. The effects of 2 landing techniques on knee kinematics, kinetics, and performance during stop-jump and side-cutting tasks. 2015;43(2):466-74. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546514555322 [DOI:10.1177/0363546514555322.]

35. Donnell-Fink LA, Klara K, Collins JE, Yang HY, Goczalk MG, Katz JN, et al. Effectiveness of knee injury and anterior cruciate ligament tear prevention programs: a meta-analysis. 2015;10(12):e0144063. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0144063]

36. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144063 [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0144063.]

37. Emery CA, Roy T-O, Whittaker JL, Nettel-Aguirre A, Van Mechelen WJBjosm. Neuromuscular training injury prevention strategies in youth sport: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2015;49(13):865-70. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-094639 [DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2015-094639.]

38. Vescovi J, VanHeest JLJSjom, sports si. Effects of an anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention program on performance in adolescent female soccer players. 2010;20(3):394-402. [DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00963.x]

39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00963.x [DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00963.x.]

40. Laquale KMJATT. Nutritional needs of the recreational athlete. 2009. [DOI:10.1123/att.14.1.12]

41. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a0547a [DOI:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a0547a.]

42. Onate JA, Guskiewicz KM, Sullivan RJJJoO, Therapy SP. Augmented feedback reduces jump landing forces. 2001;31(9):511-7. https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2001.31.9.511. [DOI:10.2519/jospt.2001.31.9.511]

43. Ericksen HM, Gribble PA, Pfile KR, Pietrosimone BGJJoat. Different modes of feedback and peak vertical ground reaction force during jump landing: a systematic review. 2013;48(5):685. [DOI:10.4085/1062-6050-48.3.02]

44. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-48.3.02 [DOI:10.4085/1062-6050-48.3.02.]

45. Stroube BW, Myer GD, Brent JL, Ford KR, Heidt RS, Hewett TEJJosr. Effects of task-specific augmented feedback on deficit modification during performance of the tuck-jump exercise. 2013;22(1):7-18. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.22.1.7 [DOI:10.1123/jsr.22.1.7.]

46. Ericksen HM, Thomas AC, Gribble PA, Doebel SC, Pietrosimone BGJjoo, therapy sp. Immediate effects of real-time feedback on jump-landing kinematics. 2015;45(2):112-8. [DOI:10.2519/jospt.2015.4997]

47. https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2015.4997.

48. Abbaszadeh GH, LETAFATKAR A, ABBASI A. Effect of feedback training on some kinetic, kinematic, and functional factors of active men. 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/sjimu.26.6.23. [DOI:10.29252/sjimu.26.6.23]

49. Mahmod AK, Lee JLFJJSS, Jasmani P. Effects of augmented feedback on landing force from jumps. 2017;6(2):1-9. https://doi.org/10.37134/jsspj.vol6.2.1.2017 [DOI:10.37134/jsspj.vol6.2.1.2017.]

50. Favre J, Clancy C, Dowling AV, Andriacchi TPJTAjosm. Modification of knee flexion angle has patient-specific effects on anterior cruciate ligament injury risk factors during jump landing. 2016;44(6):1540-6. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546516634000 [DOI:10.1177/0363546516634000.]

51. Dowling AV, Favre J, Andriacchi TPJTAjosm. Inertial sensor-based feedback can reduce key risk metrics for anterior cruciate ligament injury during jump landings. 2012;40(5):1075-83. [DOI:10.1177/0363546512437529]

52. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546512437529 [DOI:10.1177/0363546512437529.]

53. Guy-Cherry D, Alanazi A, Miller L, Staloch D, Ortiz-Rodriguez AJSMIO. Landing styles influences reactive strength index without increasing risk for injury. 2018;2(02):E35-E40. [DOI:10.1055/a-0608-4280]

54. DOI: 10.1055/a-0608-4280. [DOI:10.1055/a-0608-4280]

55. Munro A, Herrington LJTK. The effect of videotape augmented feedback on drop jump landing strategy: Implications for anterior cruciate ligament and patellofemoral joint injury prevention. 2014;21(5):891-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2014.05.011 [DOI:10.1016/j.knee.2014.05.011.]

56. Nyman Jr E, Armstrong CWJCB. Real-time feedback during drop landing training improves subsequent frontal and sagittal plane knee kinematics. 2015;30(9):988-94. [DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2015.06.018]

57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2015.06.018 [DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2015.06.018.]

58. Ford KR, DiCesare CA, Myer GD, Hewett TEJJosr. Real-time biofeedback to target risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury: a technical report for injury prevention and rehabilitation. 2015;24(2). [DOI:10.1123/jsr.2013-0138]

59. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2013-0138 [DOI:10.1123/jsr.2013-0138.]

60. Heinert B, Rutherford D, Cleereman J, Lee M, Kernozek TWJPTiS. Changes in landing mechanics using augmented feedback: 4-Week training and retention study. 2021;52:97-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.08.007 [DOI:10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.08.007.]