Investigating The Effect Of Endurance Training as a Therapeutic Method On Muscle Cachexia and Cardiovascular Consequences caused by Breast Cancer

Shahabpoor, Elham; Delavari, Mohammad Amin

doi:10.61186/jsmt.21.26.77

Volume 21, Issue 26 (12-2023) RSMT 2023, 21(26): 77-88 | Back to browse issues page

‎ 10.61186/jsmt.21.26.77

Mendeley

Zotero

RefWorks

Shahabpoor E, Delavari M A. Investigating The Effect Of Endurance Training as a Therapeutic Method On Muscle Cachexia and Cardiovascular Consequences caused by Breast Cancer. RSMT 2023; 21 (26) :77-88
URL: http://jsmt.khu.ac.ir/article-1-606-en.html

Investigating The Effect Of Endurance Training as a Therapeutic Method On Muscle Cachexia and Cardiovascular Consequences caused by Breast Cancer

Elham Shahabpoor

, Mohammad Amin Delavari

Assistant Professor of exercise Physiology, Department of Sports Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Iran. , e.shahabpour@hormozgan.ac.ir

Abstract: (2415 Views)

Cachexia syndrome and the risk of cardiovascular diseases are highly prevalent in cancer patients.The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of endurance training as a therapeutic method on muscle cachexia and cardiovascular consequences caused by breast cancer. After 2 weeks of breast cancer induction, 20 BALB/c mice (age: 6-8 weeks and weight: 17- 18 g) mice performed the maximum aerobic capacity test and were randomly allocated into tumor-control and tumor-exercise groups. The tumor-exercise group performed the endurance Training protocol for 6 weeks, 5 days a week with gradual increase in intensity from 12 to 20 (m.min-1) and duration from 25 to 55 minutes And 24 hours after the last training session, the maximum aerobic capacity test was performed. 48 hours after the last training session, the mice were sacrificed. Heart weight, weight of gastrocnemius and soleus muscle, heart mass index, ratio of weight of soleus muscle to body weight and ratio of weight of gastrocnemius muscle to body weight were measured in tumor-control and tumor-exercise groups. Data were analyzed by independent t-test at the significance level of P≥0.05. The results of the present study showed a significant increase in heart weight (P=0.005), spleen weight (P=0.029), weight of the gastrocnemius muscle (P=0.009) and soleus muscle (P=0.022) in the tumor-exercise group compared to the tumor-control group. Also, significant increase in the heart mass index (P=0.016) and the ratio of the weight of the gastrocnemius muscle to the body weight (P=0.005) and the ratio of the soleus muscle to the body weight (P=0.021) were observed in the tumor-exercise group compared to the tumor-control group. In conclusion,Endurance training seems to be a potential treatment method and strategy to improve the health of the skeletal muscle and cardiovascular system and reduce the process of muscle cachexia caused by breast cancer.

Keywords: Endurance Training, Cachexia, Cardiovascular Disease, Breast Cancer.

Full-Text [PDF 1891 kb] (412 Downloads)

Type of Study: Research | Subject: sport physiology
Received: 2023/08/8 | Accepted: 2023/11/14 | Published: 2023/12/31

References

1. Refrences:

2. Kontomanolis EN, Kalagasidou S, Pouliliou S, Anthoulaki X, Georgiou N, Papamanolis V, Fasoulakis ZN. The notch pathway in breast cancer progression. The Scientific World Journal. 2018 Oct;2018. [DOI:10.1155/2018/2415489]

3. Mo H, Jazieh KA, Brinzevich D, Abraham J. A review of treatment-induced pulmonary toxicity in breast cancer. Clinical Breast Cancer. 2022 Jan 1;22(1):1-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.clbc.2021.05.014]

4. Perez IE, Taveras Alam S, Hernandez GA, Sancassani R. Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction: an overview for the clinician. Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology. 2019 Jul;13:1179546819866445. [DOI:10.1177/1179546819866445]

5. Bonsignore A, Warburton D. The mechanisms responsible for exercise intolerance in early-stage breast cancer: What role does chemotherapy play?. Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal. 2013 Jun 1;31(1):2-11. [DOI:10.1016/j.hkpj.2013.03.002]

6. DeSantis C, Jemal A, Ward E, Thun MJ. Temporal trends in breast cancer mortality by state and race. Cancer Causes & Control. 2008 Jun;19:537-45. [DOI:10.1007/s10552-008-9113-1]

7. Tsitkanou S, Murach KA, Washington TA, Greene NP. Exercise counteracts the deleterious effects of cancer cachexia. Cancers. 2022 May 19;14(10):2512. [DOI:10.3390/cancers14102512]

8. Khori V, Shalamzari SA, Isanejad A, Alizadeh AM, Alizadeh S, Khodayari S, Khodayari H, Shahbazi S, Zahedi A, Sohanaki H, Khaniki M. Effects of exercise training together with tamoxifen in reducing mammary tumor burden in mice: possible underlying pathway of miR-21. European journal of pharmacology. 2015 Oct 15;765:179-87 [DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.031]

9. Jones LW, Courneya KS, Mackey JR, Muss HB, Pituskin EN, Scott JM, Hornsby WE, Coan AD, Herndon JE, Douglas PS, Haykowsky M. Cardiopulmonary function and age-related decline across the breast cancer survivorship continuum. Journal of clinical oncology. 2012 Jul 7;30(20):2530. [DOI:10.1200/JCO.2011.39.9014]

10. Niels T, Tomanek A, Freitag N, Schumann M. Can exercise counteract cancer cachexia? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Integrative cancer therapies. 2020 Sep;19:1534735420940414. [DOI:10.1177/1534735420940414]

11. Helmark IC, Mikkelsen UR, Børglum J, Rothe A, Petersen MC, Andersen O, Langberg H, Kjaer M. Exercise increases interleukin-10 levels both intraarticularly and peri-synovially in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis research & therapy. 2010 Aug;12:1-1. [DOI:10.1186/ar3064]

12. Lim C, Nunes EA, Currier BS, Mcleod JC, Thomas AC, Phillips SM. An Evidence-Based Narrative Review of Mechanisms of Resistance Exercise-Induced Human Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2022 Sep;54(9):1546. [DOI:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002929]

13. Figueira AC, Pereira A, Leitão L, Ferreira R, Oliveira PA, Duarte JA. Effects of Moderate Exercise Training on Cancer-Induced Muscle Wasting. InHealthcare 2023 Sep 29 (Vol. 11, No. 19, p. 2652). [DOI:10.3390/healthcare11192652]

14. H. Zieff G, W. Wagoner C, Paterson C, Pagan Lassalle P, T. Lee J. Cardiovascular consequences of skeletal muscle impairments in breast cancer. Sports. 2020 May 31;8(6):80. [DOI:10.3390/sports8060080]

15. Shalamzari SA, Agha-Alinejad H, Alizadeh S, Shahbazi S, Khatib ZK, Kazemi A, Saei MA, Minayi N. The effect of exercise training on the level of tissue IL-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor in breast cancer bearing mice. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences. 2014 Apr;17(4):231.

16. Manzari Tavakoli Z, Amani Shalamzari S, Kazemi A. Effects of 6 weeks' Endurance Training on Oncostatin-M in Muscle and Tumor Tissues in mice with Breast Cancer. Iranian Journal of Breast Diseases. 2017 Mar 10;9(4):50-9.URL:

17. Høydal MA, Wisløff U, Kemi OJ, Ellingsen Ø. Running speed and maximal oxygen uptake in rats and mice: practical implications for exercise training. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 2007 Dec 1;14(6):753-60. [DOI:10.1097/HJR.0b013e3281eacef1]

18. Aveseh M, Nikooie R, Aminaie M. Exercise‐induced changes in tumour LDH‐B and MCT1 expression are modulated by oestrogen‐related receptor alpha in breast cancer‐bearing BALB/c mice. The Journal of physiology. 2015 Jun 15;593(12):2635-48. [DOI:10.1113/JP270463]

19. Betof AS, Dewhirst MW, Jones LW. Effects and potential mechanisms of exercise training on cancer progression: a translational perspective. Brain, behavior, and immunity. 2013 Mar 15;30:S75-87.. [DOI:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.05.001]

20. Shadravan M, Amani-Shalamzari S, Sarikhani A. Effects of 6 weeks of aerobic training on the level of serum and tumour tissues ghrelin in mice with breast cancer. Journal of Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sport. 2020 Mar 20;8(15):22-33.

21. Pedersen BK, Saltin B. Exercise as medicine-evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2015 Dec;25:1-72. [DOI:10.1111/sms.12581]

22. Beaudry RI, Howden EJ, Foulkes S, Bigaran A, Claus P, Haykowsky MJ, Gerche AL. Determinants of exercise intolerance in breast cancer patients prior to anthracycline chemotherapy. Physiological reports. 2019 Jan;7(1):e13971.. [DOI:10.14814/phy2.13971]

23. VanderVeen BN, Fix DK, Counts BR, Carson JA. The effect of wheel exercise on functional indices of cachexia in tumor-bearing mice. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2020 Nov;52(11):2320. [DOI:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002393]

24. Jones LW, Haykowsky MJ, Swartz JJ, Douglas PS, Mackey JR. Early breast cancer therapy and cardiovascular injury. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2007 Oct 9;50(15):1435-41. [DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.06.037]

25. Park NJ, Chang Y, Bender C, Conley Y, Chlebowski RT, Van Londen GJ, Foraker R, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Stefanick ML, Kuller LH. Cardiovascular disease and mortality after breast cancer in postmenopausal women: results from the Women's Health Initiative. PloS one. 2017 Sep 21;12(9):e0184174.. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0184174]

26. Alves de Lima Jr E, Teixeira AA, Biondo LA, Diniz TA, Silveira LS, Coletti D, Busquets Rius S, Rosa Neto JC. Exercise reduces the resumption of tumor growth and proteolytic pathways in the skeletal muscle of mice following chemotherapy. Cancers. 2020 Nov 20;12(11):3466. [DOI:10.3390/cancers12113466]

27. Gerritsen JK, Vincent AJ. Exercise improves quality of life in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2015 Dec 30. [DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2015-094787]

28. Winters-Stone KM, Bennett JA, Nail L, Schwartz A. Strength, physical activity, and age predict fatigue in older breast cancer survivors. InOncology nursing forum 2008 Sep 1 (Vol. 35, No. 5). [DOI:10.1188/08.ONF.815-821]

29. Beaudry RI, Kirkham AA, Thompson RB, Grenier JG, Mackey JR, Haykowsky MJ. Exercise Intolerance in Anthracycline‐Treated Breast Cancer Survivors: The Role of Skeletal Muscle Bioenergetics, Oxygenation, and Composition. The Oncologist. 2020 May 1;25(5):e852-60 . [DOI:10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0777]

30. Atella V, Piano Mortari A, Kopinska J, Belotti F, Lapi F, Cricelli C, Fontana L. Trends in age‐related disease burden and healthcare utilization. Aging cell. 2019 Feb;18(1):e12861. [DOI:10.1111/acel.12861]

31. Butt Z, Rosenbloom SK, Abernethy AP, Beaumont JL, Paul D, Hampton D, Jacobsen PB, Syrjala KL, Von Roenn JH, Cella D. Fatigue is the most important symptom for advanced cancer patients who have had chemotherapy. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. 2008 May 1;6(5):448-55. [DOI:10.6004/jnccn.2008.0036]

32. Refrences:

33. Kontomanolis EN, Kalagasidou S, Pouliliou S, Anthoulaki X, Georgiou N, Papamanolis V, Fasoulakis ZN. The notch pathway in breast cancer progression. The Scientific World Journal. 2018 Oct;2018. [DOI:10.1155/2018/2415489]

34. Mo H, Jazieh KA, Brinzevich D, Abraham J. A review of treatment-induced pulmonary toxicity in breast cancer. Clinical Breast Cancer. 2022 Jan 1;22(1):1-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.clbc.2021.05.014]

35. Perez IE, Taveras Alam S, Hernandez GA, Sancassani R. Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction: an overview for the clinician. Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology. 2019 Jul;13:1179546819866445. [DOI:10.1177/1179546819866445]

36. Bonsignore A, Warburton D. The mechanisms responsible for exercise intolerance in early-stage breast cancer: What role does chemotherapy play?. Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal. 2013 Jun 1;31(1):2-11. [DOI:10.1016/j.hkpj.2013.03.002]

37. DeSantis C, Jemal A, Ward E, Thun MJ. Temporal trends in breast cancer mortality by state and race. Cancer Causes & Control. 2008 Jun;19:537-45. [DOI:10.1007/s10552-008-9113-1]

38. Tsitkanou S, Murach KA, Washington TA, Greene NP. Exercise counteracts the deleterious effects of cancer cachexia. Cancers. 2022 May 19;14(10):2512. [DOI:10.3390/cancers14102512]

39. Khori V, Shalamzari SA, Isanejad A, Alizadeh AM, Alizadeh S, Khodayari S, Khodayari H, Shahbazi S, Zahedi A, Sohanaki H, Khaniki M. Effects of exercise training together with tamoxifen in reducing mammary tumor burden in mice: possible underlying pathway of miR-21. European journal of pharmacology. 2015 Oct 15;765:179-87 [DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.031]

40. Jones LW, Courneya KS, Mackey JR, Muss HB, Pituskin EN, Scott JM, Hornsby WE, Coan AD, Herndon JE, Douglas PS, Haykowsky M. Cardiopulmonary function and age-related decline across the breast cancer survivorship continuum. Journal of clinical oncology. 2012 Jul 7;30(20):2530. [DOI:10.1200/JCO.2011.39.9014]

41. Niels T, Tomanek A, Freitag N, Schumann M. Can exercise counteract cancer cachexia? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Integrative cancer therapies. 2020 Sep;19:1534735420940414. [DOI:10.1177/1534735420940414]

42. Helmark IC, Mikkelsen UR, Børglum J, Rothe A, Petersen MC, Andersen O, Langberg H, Kjaer M. Exercise increases interleukin-10 levels both intraarticularly and peri-synovially in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis research & therapy. 2010 Aug;12:1-1. [DOI:10.1186/ar3064]

43. Lim C, Nunes EA, Currier BS, Mcleod JC, Thomas AC, Phillips SM. An Evidence-Based Narrative Review of Mechanisms of Resistance Exercise-Induced Human Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2022 Sep;54(9):1546. [DOI:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002929]

44. Figueira AC, Pereira A, Leitão L, Ferreira R, Oliveira PA, Duarte JA. Effects of Moderate Exercise Training on Cancer-Induced Muscle Wasting. InHealthcare 2023 Sep 29 (Vol. 11, No. 19, p. 2652). [DOI:10.3390/healthcare11192652]

45. H. Zieff G, W. Wagoner C, Paterson C, Pagan Lassalle P, T. Lee J. Cardiovascular consequences of skeletal muscle impairments in breast cancer. Sports. 2020 May 31;8(6):80. [DOI:10.3390/sports8060080]

46. Shalamzari SA, Agha-Alinejad H, Alizadeh S, Shahbazi S, Khatib ZK, Kazemi A, Saei MA, Minayi N. The effect of exercise training on the level of tissue IL-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor in breast cancer bearing mice. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences. 2014 Apr;17(4):231.

47. Manzari Tavakoli Z, Amani Shalamzari S, Kazemi A. Effects of 6 weeks' Endurance Training on Oncostatin-M in Muscle and Tumor Tissues in mice with Breast Cancer. Iranian Journal of Breast Diseases. 2017 Mar 10;9(4):50-9.URL:

48. Høydal MA, Wisløff U, Kemi OJ, Ellingsen Ø. Running speed and maximal oxygen uptake in rats and mice: practical implications for exercise training. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 2007 Dec 1;14(6):753-60. [DOI:10.1097/HJR.0b013e3281eacef1]

49. Aveseh M, Nikooie R, Aminaie M. Exercise‐induced changes in tumour LDH‐B and MCT1 expression are modulated by oestrogen‐related receptor alpha in breast cancer‐bearing BALB/c mice. The Journal of physiology. 2015 Jun 15;593(12):2635-48. [DOI:10.1113/JP270463]

50. Betof AS, Dewhirst MW, Jones LW. Effects and potential mechanisms of exercise training on cancer progression: a translational perspective. Brain, behavior, and immunity. 2013 Mar 15;30:S75-87.. [DOI:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.05.001]

51. Shadravan M, Amani-Shalamzari S, Sarikhani A. Effects of 6 weeks of aerobic training on the level of serum and tumour tissues ghrelin in mice with breast cancer. Journal of Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sport. 2020 Mar 20;8(15):22-33.

52. Pedersen BK, Saltin B. Exercise as medicine-evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2015 Dec;25:1-72. [DOI:10.1111/sms.12581]

53. Beaudry RI, Howden EJ, Foulkes S, Bigaran A, Claus P, Haykowsky MJ, Gerche AL. Determinants of exercise intolerance in breast cancer patients prior to anthracycline chemotherapy. Physiological reports. 2019 Jan;7(1):e13971.. [DOI:10.14814/phy2.13971]

54. VanderVeen BN, Fix DK, Counts BR, Carson JA. The effect of wheel exercise on functional indices of cachexia in tumor-bearing mice. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2020 Nov;52(11):2320. [DOI:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002393]

55. Jones LW, Haykowsky MJ, Swartz JJ, Douglas PS, Mackey JR. Early breast cancer therapy and cardiovascular injury. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2007 Oct 9;50(15):1435-41. [DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.06.037]

56. Park NJ, Chang Y, Bender C, Conley Y, Chlebowski RT, Van Londen GJ, Foraker R, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Stefanick ML, Kuller LH. Cardiovascular disease and mortality after breast cancer in postmenopausal women: results from the Women's Health Initiative. PloS one. 2017 Sep 21;12(9):e0184174.. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0184174]

57. Alves de Lima Jr E, Teixeira AA, Biondo LA, Diniz TA, Silveira LS, Coletti D, Busquets Rius S, Rosa Neto JC. Exercise reduces the resumption of tumor growth and proteolytic pathways in the skeletal muscle of mice following chemotherapy. Cancers. 2020 Nov 20;12(11):3466. [DOI:10.3390/cancers12113466]

58. Gerritsen JK, Vincent AJ. Exercise improves quality of life in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2015 Dec 30. [DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2015-094787]

59. Winters-Stone KM, Bennett JA, Nail L, Schwartz A. Strength, physical activity, and age predict fatigue in older breast cancer survivors. InOncology nursing forum 2008 Sep 1 (Vol. 35, No. 5). [DOI:10.1188/08.ONF.815-821]

60. Beaudry RI, Kirkham AA, Thompson RB, Grenier JG, Mackey JR, Haykowsky MJ. Exercise Intolerance in Anthracycline‐Treated Breast Cancer Survivors: The Role of Skeletal Muscle Bioenergetics, Oxygenation, and Composition. The Oncologist. 2020 May 1;25(5):e852-60 . [DOI:10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0777]

61. Atella V, Piano Mortari A, Kopinska J, Belotti F, Lapi F, Cricelli C, Fontana L. Trends in age‐related disease burden and healthcare utilization. Aging cell. 2019 Feb;18(1):e12861. [DOI:10.1111/acel.12861]

62. Butt Z, Rosenbloom SK, Abernethy AP, Beaumont JL, Paul D, Hampton D, Jacobsen PB, Syrjala KL, Von Roenn JH, Cella D. Fatigue is the most important symptom for advanced cancer patients who have had chemotherapy. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. 2008 May 1;6(5):448-55. [DOI:10.6004/jnccn.2008.0036]