Showing 26 results for Behavior
Abbas Nazarian Madavani, Fereydoon Tondnevis, Seyyed Amir Ahmad Mozaffari,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (12-2011)
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determinethe effect of coaching behaviors on coaching efficacy and team dynamic of vollyball pro- league in Iran (2009). 160 athletes and coach from 13 team participated as samples in this study. Coacing behavior was measured by Martin, S.B., & Barnes, K. (1999) Coaching Behavior questionnaire. Coaching Efficacy was measured by Feltz, D.L., Chase, M.A, Mortiz, S.A., Sullivan, P.J. (1999) coaching efficacyquestionnaire. Team Dynamic (team cohesion and collective efficacy), was measured by Carron, A.V., Brawely, L., Widmeyer, W. (1998) team cohesion questionnaire and Felts, D.L., & Lirg, C.D., (1998) collective efficacy questionnaire. The statistical procedure also was based on descriptive and inferential basis and included multivariable regression. The results indicated that coaching behaviors effect on coaching efficacy and team dynamic. Also coaching efficacy effect on team dynamic. As the results revealed, higher frequency of Reinforcement, Mistake – Contingent technical instruction, General communication and organizing behaviors styles, showed an increase in coaching efficacy and team dynamic( team cohesion and collective efficacy) over the season. On the other hand, higher frequency Punishment and Punitive technical instruction behaviors style, an decrease in coaching efficacy and team dynamic ( team cohesion and collective efficacy) over the season.
Vahid Saatchian, Amir Ghanbarpour Nosrati, Seyyed Mehdi Rasooli, Hossein Poursoltani Zarandi,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (12-2011)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among job satisfaction, organizational commitment and internal service quality in selected federations. For this purpose Xie, Di (2005) questionnaire was used. Reliability of the questionnaire after a pilot study using Cronbach's alpha test (&alpha =0/86) respectively. Statistical society desired to study all the staff federations swimming, basketball, handball, judo, track and field and gymnastics have formed and sample population is equal. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods for data analysis (mean and SD, tables of frequency distribution, K-S, Pearson correlation and multiple regression) were used. Findings showed, among job satisfaction (p< 0/01, r =0/651), normative organizational commitment (p< 0/01, r =0/558) and internal service quality was positive and significant correlation (p< 0/05) exist. But between affective organizational commitment and continuous organizational commitment with internal service quality wasn’t any significant correlation exist (p> 0/05).
Note that the use of variables in research, improve in the internal service quality of employees will be possible if organizations provide components through the strategic application of human resource management to provide appropriate service quality for internal and external customers.
Shirin Zardoshtian, Behesht Ahmadi, Azadeh Azadi,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (8-2012)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine therelationship perceived autonomy-supportive behaviors of coaches onself-determined motivation and sport commitment of elitefemale players inHandball league. The research desing was a descriptive-correlational.For this pourpose statistical society of this research incloud 237 female players were selected equal to sample society. Perceived autonomy- supportive behaviors of coaches, self-determined motivation and sport commitment were assessed using the perceived autonomy support scale for exercise settings(PASSES), Sport Motivation Scale (SMS( and Sport Commitment Model Scale) scms) respectively. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires was measured and modified.Data were analyzed using multiple regression and Structural Equation Models (SEM) in significance level of P<0/05. The finding showed autonomy-supportive behaviors had significant positive correlation with intrinsic motivation, introjected regulation and indentified regulation. However, autonomy-supportive negative correlation amotivation.In addition, intrinsic motivation, introjected regulation and indentified regulation had significant positive correlation with sport commitment players.Multiple regression showed autonomy-supportive coaches was predictor factor for the intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and sport commitment players.path analysis results offered support for the proposed model. Total mediation was supported in the case of intrinsic motivation, introjected regulation and indentified regulation in the relationship between autonomy-supportive coaches and sport commitment players. The findings underline the importance of perceived autonomy-supportive coaches in motivation and sport commitment players. The results provide support Self-determination Theory in elite players
Zahra Alam, Seyed Amir Ahmad Mozaffari, Hadi Bagheri, Daryoush Marefat,
Volume 3, Issue 5 (4-2013)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personal and organizational time management skills of directors of physical education administrations in Khuzestan province. Research design was correlational. The Statistical population of this study was consisted of general director and his assistants (N=6), managers of P.E offices (N=24), presidents (N=46) and vice presidents (N=40) of sports boards of Khuzestan province (N=116). The statistical sample was equal with the population. The data were collected with personal time management skill questionnaire (&alpha=0/69) and organizational time management skill questionnaire (&alpha=0/68) that made by Karami Moghadam in 1377. The construct validity of questionnaires determined by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. In order to analyze data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, including Pearson’s correlation coefficient, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA, were used. Test results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between personal and organizational time management skills. Also, there was a significant relationship between individual time management skill and two dimensions of organizational time management skill (i.e. operational planning and management of communications). Furthermore, there was significant difference between organizational time management skills of directors according to their gender. In other words, women directors showed higher organizational time management skill than men.
Vahid Saatchian, Hamid Reza Safari, Seyed Mehdi Rasooli, Eisa Eskandari, Alireza Elahi,
Volume 3, Issue 5 (4-2013)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of service quality, customer satisfaction and attitudinal loyalty on future intention of participations in fitness and aerobic centers of Rasht Township. The design of this study was correlational. The population of study includes all costumers of aerobic and fitness centers in Rasht that have one year attendance in this clubs. So, According to Morgan sampling tables and populations of the customers in this clubs that were 150 people, 108 samples elected randomly. To gather data, standard questionnaire of service quality (QSS) Alexandris (1999), customer loyalty (AIS) Alen (1990), customer satisfaction (OCS) Victor (2002) and behavioral future intention (BFIS) Bery (1996) was used(8). Results indicated that there was a positive and significant relation between service qualities with loyalty (r=0/395), satisfaction and behavioral future intention(r=0/486, P&le0/.5). Also there was positive and significant relation between loyalty with satisfaction(r=0/286) and behavioral future intention(r=0/524) and finally customer satisfaction had positive and significant relation with behavioral future intention(r=0/505, P&le0/.5). Regression test showed that only customer satisfaction (t=4/745) and loyalty (t=3/185) can predict behavioral future intention and service quality was mediator variable (P&le0/.5). According to the results, it should be considered that fitness and aerobic club managers should play an important role in customer satisfaction by providing more tangible services to attracting loyal customers.
Zahra Hajianzehaei, Fereydoon Tondnevis,
Volume 3, Issue 6 (12-2013)
Abstract
The objective of this study was to survey the relationship among coaching behavior, achievement motivation and team players performance of Iranian Handball pro-league. In this regard the coaching behavior questionnaire (CBQ) of Martin and Barens (1999) and sport attitude inspection questioners of Willis (SAI) (1980) was used for survey of achievement motivation. Reliability of research tools after a fundamental survey by using Cronbach's alpha test (Questionnaire of Coaching Behavior, &alpha=0.74 and Sport Attitude Questionnaire, &alpha=0.74) was obtained. Statistical population of this study comprised of present players in Men Handball Pro-league in 1389-90.considering 14 players for each team, 168 players were chosen as a sample population. For the analyzes of the data descriptive statistic (average, standard deviation, tables and displays) and inferential statistic (Cronbach's alpha, for the test of inter homogeneity of questionnaire, confirmatory factor analyses for assessment of tools validity for gathering data, structural equation modeling in order to test the suggested approaches as well as test of theories) were used. The results revealed that there is meaningful relationship between positive reaction and achievement motivation among players. Also findings showed that there was a negative and meaningful relationship between negative reaction and achievement motivation. No meaningful relation was observed between positive, negative and natural behavior of coaching with team performance. Results showed there was a meaningful relation between natural behavior and achievement motivation. Also the relation between achievement motivation and team performance turn out to be meaningful. So due to research findings, programming seems to be important for coaching acknowledgements toward the effectiveness of team performanc
Volume 4, Issue 7 (8-2014)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational citizenship behaviors. The statistical population of this study was the staff members of Physical Education Organization of Khorasan-e Razavi Province (N=75). The size of population was selected as, the size of sample. For gathering data, two standard questionnaires, driven from emotional intelligence (Schuz et al, 1993) and organizational citizenship behavior (Organ and Konovsky, 1996) were used. Validity of questionnaires was achieved through considering comments of professors of sport management course and by using Cronbach’s alpha test the reliability of knowledge management and creativity questionnaires were found to be 0.78 and 0.81, respectively. The research method is descriptive and correlational which has been done through field method. Descriptive scales and Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical tests, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of correlation test indicated that there is a positive and significant relation between (r=0.263, P=0.03) emotional intelligence satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore between Emotional Intelligence and factors altruism (r=0.249, P=0.041), the conscience (r=0.243, P=0.046) positive and significant relationship was observed. But between emotional intelligence and factors sportsmanship (r=0.121, P=0.327), civic virtue (r=0.063, P=0.612) and courtesy (r=0.107, P=0.384) no-significant relationship was observed. Furthermore the results of regression analysis showed that emotional intelligence is expect to qualify altruism and conscience. Therefore can take the advantage of learned behaviors in the organization, to improve the emotional intelligence of employees paid out and standard work and by improving systems of proper promotion system based on merit principles of mental and emotional efficiency in work and organizational citizenship behavior in the organization expanded.
Volume 4, Issue 8 (12-2014)
Abstract
A significant portion of research exploring pre-performance routines in sport has focused on the behavioral and temporal characteristics of the routines. This study aimed to investigate the role of behavioral and temporal consistency in those pre-performance routines. The duration and dominant behavioral patterns exhibited before each free throw (N = 1025) were observed during a total of 60 Iranian Super League games. An intra-individual standardized score was calculated for duration of shots as consistency index for temporal pattern of pre-shot routine durations. Each player’s (N = 30) dominant behavioral pre-shot routines and success free throws percentage rate were identified, then each shot was classified as “routines followed” or “routines not followed”. Results revealed that players were more successful when they followed their dominant behavioral routines (64.66% success rate) than when they deviated from their specific behavioral routines (55.17% success rate). There was no significant correlation between the consistency index and free throws success percentage in observed shots. The results suggest that players in Iranian Basketball Super League solely benefit from behavioral patterns of pre-shot routines in implementation of free throws. Moreover it seems that consistency in temporal pattern of shots duration is of less importance in successful shots
Volume 4, Issue 8 (12-2014)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between school organizational climate and job involvement of physical education teachers in city of Rasht. The statistical population of this study were consist of physical education teachers in city of Rasht who were comprised of three educational levels (N=200). One hundred and seventy people (85%) participated in this study. The data were collected using the Organizational Climate Description Questionnaire Revision Secondary Schools (OCDQ-RS) with high validity (&alpha= 0.82) and Edwards and Kilpatrick Job Involvement Questionnaire with high validity (&alpha= 0.83). The data was analyzed by using Spearman Correlation Coefficient (p&le0.05). The results indicated that open school climate of primary, guidance, and secondary schools were in middle level. The findings of this study also indicated that organizational climate (R= o.67), and its dimensions of engaged teachers behavior (R= 0.56), intimate teachers behavior (R= 0.66) and supportive managers behavior were positively significant related to teacher job involvement, However, directive managers behavior (R= -0.56) and frustrated teachers behavior were negatively significant related to the teacher job involvement. Therefore it was concluded that, the relationship between behaviors of physical education teachers and supportive behaviors of school managers can effects on their job involvement.
Dr Vajholah Ghorbani Zadeh, Mr Hosein Alizadeh, Mr Sajad Khani, Mr Ali Mohamadi,
Volume 5, Issue 10 (12-2015)
Abstract
The present study has examined the effect of psychological capital on organizational citizenship behavior. This is a case study with cross-sectional design and questionnaire as research method. Statistical population was the formal and contract staff of the Ministry of Youth and Sport (N=210 Employees). The data related to psychological capital and organizational citizenship behavior variables are gathered via Luthans et al. (2007) and Podsakoff et al. (1994) standard questionnaires. The reliability of the standard questionnaire was measured by CR and AVE tests and the validity of that was measured by confirmatory factor analysis via Smart PLS Software. The questionnaire distributed among 160 employees that those selected randomly. Data analyzing was performed by Smart PLS and XLSTAT via structural equations method (SEM). The results show that psychological capital has a positive and meaningful impact on organizational citizenship behavior. We also showed that the most impact of dimensions of psychological capital on organizational citizenship behavior (R2:0.35) is made by altruism dimension.
Mrs Maryam Taheri Kia, Mrs Atefeh Asad Zadeh, Dr Alireza Elahi,
Volume 8, Issue 15 (8-2018)
Abstract
The participation of spectators– including both men and women- in sport stadiums and their profitability is one of the new experiences in the world of sports . A significant proportion of Persepolis and Esteghlal fans are women; so, providing conditions for women's loyalty to these teams can help in some decisions on fans management.One of the reasons for loyalty of fans may be the team's quality. In this study, attitudinal and behavioral loyalty of Persepolis and Esteghlal fans was predicted by quality of teams. For this purpose, 395 cases were randomly selected from female students who were the fans of Esteghlal and Persepolis teams from 20 universities in Tehran using Morgan table. They completed Zhang's quality of team questionnaire (1997) and Mahoney’s fans psychological commitment questionnaire (2000). The results indicated significant and direct relationship between team’s quality and fans attitudinal loyalty (r = 0.449, p <0.01). Also, quality of team explained about 20% of change in fans’ attitudinal loyalty ( According to results, attitudinal loyal of fans was impressed by the quality of team. Then, employing famous players and coaches, providing attractive games, and things like that, female fans may be more loyal.
Dr Alireza Omidi, Dr Somaieh Safari,
Volume 8, Issue 15 (8-2018)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to survey the impact of organizational citizenship behavior on the customer-oriented in sport facilities in Shahrekord. The research method was descriptive, correlational that the survey was carried out. The study population included all employees of public and private sports facilities were Shahrekord. Measuring instruments included OCB questionnaire Paul and Mngvk (2002) and Customer oriented questionnaire Hajjat(2002)were that After ensuring the validity and reliability approved by the Confirmatory factor analysis of the samples investigated were distributed. In order to determine causal relationships and modeling, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used. Based on the results of structural equation modeling, Citizenship behavior variable rate (0/34) a significantly positive effect on customer orientation. It was also observed that a significantly positive effect of OCB (0/21) on the customer's needs. While non-significant positive effect (0/13) on the customer's delight. Hence to encourage direct customer orientation the need knowledge of the requirements of the Customer and about the variable citizenship behavior by focusing on the behavior of consciousness, consciousness and altruism can expect that customer surface growth was better.
Mr Moosa Alizadeh, Dr Mehrdad Moharram Zadeh, Dr Alireza Elahi,
Volume 9, Issue 17 (9-2019)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of perceived value on loyalty and purchase behavior of Spectators. This study was a correlation research and in from field study. The study population consists of all spectators Tractor Club. Data was collected by 3 questionnaires. This questionnaires consist perceived value(sweeny,2008), loyalty(Mahoony,2000) and purchase behavior(2008) that after review of face and content validity by the sport marketing experts, questionnaires was applied in a pilot study and their reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha test (0.82, 0.88 & 0.74) was approved. In addition, construct validity (factor analysis) of the measurement tool was confirmed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Model (SEM). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (Frequency, Mean and Standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation test, K-S, leven, simple linear regression, structural equation modeling). The results showed that among the perceived value, loyalty and purchase behavior, positive significant relationship exists. Generally about 35% of the variance of Loyalty and about 31% of the variance of the components of the consumption behavior could be determined by Perceived Value. Therefore, the club managers simply due to this factor can cause the greater satisfaction of spectators in the stadium and the resulting profit achieved for the club.
Dr Vahid Saatchian, Mrs Soosan Rahimi, Dr Bahador Azizi,
Volume 9, Issue 17 (9-2019)
Abstract
The purpose of current study was "Predicting the Future Behavior of Customers of Aquatic Parks in Mashhad based on Social Identity of Brand". The method of this study was descriptive and correlative. The statistical population was consisted all customers in Mashhad aquatic parks in the summer of 2015, that based on the existing sources, 377 questionnaires were distributed with an expectancy of 90% returned. Also to collect information, 2 questionnaires including brand's social identity Hay et al. (2011) and the decisions of future behavior (BFIS) Berry (1996) were used. The results showed that all subscales of Brand's Social Identity are not effective on the future behavior of customers and the impact of these subscales that increase the future behavior of customers, according to a beta coefficient of components, that have the highest impact respectively: 1. Customers confiedence in brand (beta 0.35) 2. Consumer's satisfaction (beta 0.16) 3. Perceived value of the brand (beta 0.11). Results showed a good correlation between future behavior of the customer's and perceived value of the brand. If we define the perceived value of the product or service that is under the influence of brand identity as the measure of value by customers to brand's product and the cost that their spend to gain that product or service, then provided services by these aquatic parks have high value for the customers. Or we can say that the good identity of brand had a positive effect on percieved value of brand.
Dr Amin Amini, Dr Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni, Dr Elahe Arabameri, Dr Hasan Ashayeri,
Volume 10, Issue 20 (11-2020)
Abstract
The ability to direct the gaze to optimal areas in the environmental context, at the appropriate time, is central to success in all sports. The aim of this study was to changes determine the elements of QE, during the run a reactivity launcher targeting skill, under different environmental demands. That was done to identify perceptual - cognitive effects performance-based infrastructure processes. Thus, 8 Athletes (22-28 Years old) with at least 5 years’ experience in dart throwing, in a counterbalanced manner performed under four target conditions of constraints environmental. Regulatory conditions (stationary/in motion) and inter-trial variability (present/absent) created four target conditions for reaction. During the run a launcher targeting skill and was continuously recorded characteristics related to gaze behavior in each scenario. In each condition, 10 trails 20 seconds conducted. Gaze behavior using an eye-tracking device Dikablis Professional Wireless model recorded and analyzed using DLab software information processing system and variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures. Results showed that there was significant between averages QE in four different environmental contexts (P≤0.001). The fastest QE onset was observed stationary – no inter-trial variability and QE offset and QE period belonged to in motion – no inter-trial variability and in motion– inter-trial variability. In general investigating factors involved in skillful performance in different implementation conditions in response to various constraints can be facilitator and effective in identifying important factors learning motor skills.
Dr Ayoub Asadi, Dr Mahmood Sheikh, Dr Davood Hoomanian, Dr Saleh Rafiei,
Volume 10, Issue 20 (11-2020)
Abstract
Focus of Attention and Quiet Eye (QE) of the affecting variables on aiming task performance in recent decades have always been interesting for psychologist and sport science researchers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of attention instructions on gaze behavior and accuracy of dart throwing of novice in low and high task load. In a semi-experimental design with repeated measurements, participant performed dart throwing under three attentional condition (internal, external and control) in two different task load (low and high). Result showed the external focus in high load task improved accuracy of dart throwing than internal focus; in the event that, for low load task there was no significant difference between the attentional conditions. Also, for QE none of attention, load task and their interaction effects was not significant. Results of research for performance supported the constrained action hypothesis; and in contrast to the conscious processing hypothesis. Also the result of gaze behavior suggests several interesting areas for future research.
Dr Hamid Zahedi, Mis Forogh Tabatabaei,
Volume 11, Issue 21 (7-2021)
Abstract
Purpose: of this research was to compare the effects of internal/external and related/unrelated on Quiet eye changes and accuracy free throw of skilled male basketball players. Methodology: The statistical population of this research was all-male skilled basketball players of Esfahan city in 2017. Using purposeful sampling, 20 skilled basketball players (24/55±2/25 years) who were eligible to enter the research (using the Basketball Premier League players according to the test of the level of mastery of free throwing basketball) were selected. In order to measure the accuracy of basketball throwing, an eight-value scale was used. To measure the Quiet eye changes Eye-tracking was used. In order to analyze data using SPSS software using paired t-test and analysis of variance with repeated measures were used. Results: showed the impact of each of the strategies on the accuracy of free throws and Quiet eye changes in skilled basketball players. Also, unrelated external focus strategy compared with other strategies, further enhancing the accuracy of the basketball free throw and further increased the length of the Quiet eye of skilled basketball players Conclusion: It is recommended that coaches use an irrelevant external strategy to improve the performance and behavior of skilled athletes.
Reza Khorshidi, Dr Alireza Elahi, Dr Farideh Hadavi,
Volume 11, Issue 21 (7-2021)
Abstract
This study was done to predict Consumption Behavior of spectators including tendency to Attend Again and purchasing marked merchandises. So, using correlation method, presented spectators in Azadi Stadium are chosen as statistical population. 696 people were chosen randomly and fill Alimohammadi's questionnaire of factors affecting presence and Kim's questionnaire of spectators' Consumption Behavior. Results from multi-regression analyze show that excitement, attendance & support, interaction & escape and information & attractiveness components have ability to prediction tendency to spectators of Esteghlal and Perspollis Attend Again and attendance and support components have ability to prediction purchasing marked merchandises. Attendance and support components have the most influence and interaction and escape have the least effect on spectators' tendency to Attend Again. According to these results, it can be suggested to managers of this clubs to more activate fan clubs, increase matches excitements and improve knowledge of spectators.
Mr Shahoo Zamanidadaneh, Dr Mohamma Reza Esmaili, Dr Ali Zarei,
Volume 11, Issue 22 (12-2021)
Abstract
Nowadays, social responsibility is not limited to specific organization, and clubs and sports teams have included various forms of social responsibility in their goals and are involved in their implementation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of club social responsibility on the supportive behavior of the brand of football fans with the mediating role of attitude: The moderator role was empathy. The method of the present study was descriptive-survey and was applied studies according to the purpose. In the present study, Persepolis Club as the study club and the statistical population of the present study consisted of all fans of Persepolis Club.360 people were selected as the research sample and the available sampling method was used. Galbraith (2010) questionnaire was used to evaluate social responsibility, Zhi et al. (2019) questionnaire was used to support brand behaviors, and Zhi et al. (2019) questionnaire was used to measure attitude and empathy variables.To review and analyze of the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used using the construction equation model, which used SPSS 25 and Smart PLS 3.2.9 software for experiments and analysis. The results showed that social responsibility had an effect on brand support behaviors and fan attitudes, also,the attitude of the fans on the supportive behaviors of the brand was influential and the mediating role of the fans' attitude regarding the impact of social responsibility on the supportive behaviors was confirmed. Finally, empathy plays a moderating role between the impacts of club social responsibility on fan supportive behaviors.
Dr Maryam Taherikia, Dr Alireza Elahi, Dr Hossein Akbari Yazdi,
Volume 12, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
In recent decades, sports organizations have paid special attention to the importance of considering the purchase behavior of customers. Meanwhile, the variables that can have an impact on customers' purchase behavior have been considered. This study aimed to determine the causal relationship between relationship marketing and purchase behavior of spectators using structural equation modeling. For this purpose, two questionnaires including Kim’s relationship marketing and purchase behavior questionnaires (2008) were used. After confirming their validity and reliability, these questionnaires were distributed among the sample. Sample was consisted of 430 spectators who participated in Foolade_Shahr Stadium to watch the Sepahan’ games using Morgan table. The research method was statistical -correlational and it was based on the structural equation model. The results of path analysis showed that relationship marketing has an impact on purchase behavior of spectators (β= 0.043, p≤0.05). Considering the findings of this study, approaches can be provided to determine the strategy of relationship marketing and evaluate the impact of this strategy on purchase behavior of spectators- as the main customers of football clubs.
