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The aim of this study was to rank and analyze the barriers to implementing strategies in the sports system. For this purpose Analytical Hierarchy Process was used. Participants in this study compromised experts and scholars who were familiar with the strategic management in the formulation or implementation of the strategies involved in the sport (n =21). in order to provide couples with the scale AHP and confirm its validity by 6 experts. The weighting and ranking of barriers were identified by the Expert Choice software. Expert Choice software output analysis showed that the barriers to transition strategies with weighted (307/0) is the most important components in advancing the sport implementation strategies. Results also showed that at level 3 hierarchical tree, the lack of meritocracy in sports management (weight 284/0), the most important part of the infrastructure, the lack of attention to executive function of strategic plans in formulation stage (Idealist program) (weight 228/0), The main obstacle to the formulation of strategies, the commitment and belief of the few managers to implement strategies (weight 32/0), the main obstacle to the implementation of transition strategies neglect strategies in implementation in allocation of budget funds (weight 229/0),  The main obstacle is the strategies implementation stage. The findings of this study can be a source of solutions for strategic programs formulators and performers in the sports organizations.

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The purpose of this study was comparison among of Fans loyalty motivation, supportive career and attendance in Iran’s popular soccer pro league clubs (Persepolis, Esteghlal, Teraktorsazi and Sepahan). The design applied in this research was descriptive-correlation.  The populations were whole pro league soccer fans in competition between Persepolis and Sepahan (with 55000 populations) and Esteghlal and Teraktorsazi (80000 populations).  So according to the Morgan sampling table in fires match 381 fans and in the second one 384 fans were selected and questionnaires distributed among them. Based on review of pervious literature by Jallai, T (2008) questionnaire were used. Questionnaire reliability was confirmed by factor analysis, related masters and professional, and validity in a primary study by Cronbach’s alpha (0.81). The results showed that team interest and club affiliation were two important loyalty motivations and escape and socializing were the least important motivations to fans. Also in rate of important motivations there were significant differences in sense of club affiliation, socialization, escape from reality and normal routine, football knowledge, exciting games, win proxy, club management, the impact of others and non-interest (players, color, name and logo) among clubs Fans. Indeed Persepolis & Esteghlal fans in compare to other teams had a long history (more than 11 years) in supporting (Fandom career) their clubs through different periods. Finally according to the results, it seems that this research could give some guidance for club managers to attract more fans about fans loyalty factors.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between power bases of sport federations' president (PBSP-other) with employees effectiveness. Population of this study was employees included of experts, federation committee chiefs and vise chiefs federation committee, n=288 that completed (POSP-other) questionnaire and employees Effectiveness. PBSP–other questionnaire (with 15 questions) and the items of employees effectiveness questionnaire consisted  20 questions includes: Job satisfaction 6 questions, job stress 6 questions, job performance 4 questions and intend to stay 4 questions. After translation process  and confirmation, with commentary of experts, face and content validity of the questionnaire were performed using confirmatory and construct validity factor analysis. Reliability of each scale was tested: POSP_other Cronbach's alpha =0/95 and employees effectiveness Cronbach's alpha=.81. Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed on data from employees. The results indicated POSP_other were: legitment, refrent, expert, reward and punishment respectively and significant relationship were found between PBSP-other and employees effectiveness, r=0/35. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that amoung power bases, referent power was better predictor for employees effectiveness.

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The purpose of this study is to classify different dimensions of organizational justice of administration of Youth and Sports of Tehran Province. The statistical population of this research includes all employees of administration of Youth and Sports of Tehran Province (N=180). Statistical sampling was based upon the whole with an equal volume with relevant society. For the purpose of data collection, questionnaire of Chester & Tad (2007) used for organizational justice. The validity and content of questionnaires were specified by the comments of specialists and professors of Sport Management. Then, it was possible to find out reliability of mentioned questionnaire by the use of Chronbach alpha (&alpha=0.94). The research method is descriptive and reliable which was performed on field basis. Some descriptive indexes and Kolmogorov–Smirnov, single sample t, independent t, Pierson correlation coefficient and Friedman's classification test were applied for further data collection. According to the results, the average grade of organizational justice was 65.84±16.95, distributional justice was 8.19±4.04, procedural justice was 30.55±9.46 and transactional justice was 27.10±7.01 which are lower than average level accordingly. The results showed that there is a significant difference between organizational justice of male & female staff. Furthermore, there was not significant relation between the age and job records and organizational justice (p>0.05).  The results showed that there is a positive relation among distributional justice dimensions, procedural justice and transactional justice (p&le0.05). The results of Friedman's classification test showed that various dimensions of organizational justice are respectively as: distributional justice, transactional justice and procedural justice. It is clear that procedural justice rather than the other dimensions was run better by the administration. Finally, it was resulted that the administrators should pay more attention to procedural and interactional justice which had the lowest averages and by usingthea practical solutions provide understanding of justice for staff.

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This research was done to specify the relationship between perceived organizational justice and job burnout & intent to leave the profession. The statistical population was the entire staff of the Office of Youth and Sports of Tehran (180 = N). Due to the small population size, the statistical model was considered equal to the total population. Research method was correlation. In order to collect the data, the questionnaires of organizational justice, job burnout, and intent to leave were used. The validity of these questionnaires was corrected by using the opinions of a number of sport management specialists. The reliability of the questionnaires was obtained respectively as 0.94, 0.72 and 0.84 by using of Cronbach’s alpha test. Data analysis was performed by the use of explanatory indexes and K-S statistical test, Spearman correlation coefficient, Durbin Watson test for independence of errors and Regression stepwise analysis. The results showed that there was a negative and significant relation between organizational justice and job burnout (r=-0.186, P=0.04) and intent to leave the profession (r=-0.198, P=0.033). Also, there is a negative and significant relation between procedural justice dimensions and job burnout (r=-0.277, P=0.003) and distributional justice (r=-0.193, P=0.037) and transactional justice (r=-0.230, P&le0.01) with intent to leave the profession. Besides, according to the results of regression analysis, the distributional justice can predict job burnout (F=2.737, t=-2.442, P=0.016) and intent to leave the profession (F=3.471, t=-2.38, P&le0.01). Finally, it is concluded the justice is paid more attention by management towards employees, it causes decreasing job burnout and turnover among them proportionally which leads to improvement of employees performance

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Today, the brand's customer loyalty is key to business success, Many companies try to increase loyalty among customers to expand their brand. The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing the loyalty of purchase decision makers of the clubs and football players to sports apparel brand in the eleventh round of the Premier football League. Methodology of this research was surveying and population of this research formed as sports apparel purchase decision makers in the Premier League football clubs of Iran(the director and deputy director of the club, and the head coach and team coaches N=90). The study sample included 60 individuals purchasing decision makers in clubs and 263 people of Premier League football players of Iran. Questionnaire data collection tool for brand loyalty was Wong Foong and yahyah (2008) with reliability of (&alpha=0.82). The results showed that the factors of the product quality, model and brand of sports was more effective than other factors in loyalty of sport apparel brand in the Premier League football clubs of Iran. Therefore, sports apparel industry planners should try to modify models to increase brand loyalty and other factors affecting brand loyalty to expand their brand through customers. They provide basis increasing rate of customers loyalty and thus provide the long-term interests of their business.

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The purpose of this study was to prioritize dimensions of learning organization in sport and youth head offices of west of Iran. The statistical population of this research included all staff of these head offices (N=203) and sampling method was stratified random that estimated 130 people using Morgan's table. For data collection, dimensions of learning organization questionnaire of Marsick and Watkins (1996) was used. validity of this measuring instrument was confirmed by sports management masters. Using Cronbach's alpha test, it’s reliability was obtained 0/96. This study was a descriptive method that was implemented in the field.Descriptive statistical indicators and Kolmogorov Smirnov, one samplet test, Pearson and Friedman ranking tests, were used to analyze data. Results showed there is a significant positive correlation between levels of individual learning, group learning and organizational learning (P­&le­0/05). Also among dimensions of learning organization continuous learning and empowerment had first and last preference, respectively. Finally, it is suggested, these head offices managers also should pay more attention to aspects such as empowerment, group learning, system connection and embedded systems in addition to individual learning as base of organizational learning for providing conditions to become learning organization through practical solutions.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between organizational learning capability and organizational performance in sport and youth offices of Iran's Northern provinces. Statistical population included of all managers, deputies and experts of the sport and youth offices in Iran's Northern provinces (Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan) and managers and deputies from five selected cities in the year 1391 (N=108). Due to the limited population, the statistical sample was considered as a whole (n=108). For this purpose, organizational learning capability (Gomez, 2005) and organizational performance (Brown, 2001) questionnaires were used. Data analysis was performed at a significant level (p&le0.05) using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation, frequency distribution tables) and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression, and conformity factor analysis). Research results indicated that the systematic perspective subscale acquired the highest average in comparison with other organizational learning capabilities (&mu=3.35). Also, there was a significant correlation between organizational learning and organizational performance (p&le0.05, r=0.621). With regard to the linear relationship among variables and the assumption of errors independence from each other, predictor variables (organizational learning capabilities) revealed 37% changes in the rate of organizational performance. Also, while confirming the model parameters, it can be said that the presented model is appropriate and experimental data are coincided enough well with this model. Totally, according to the findings of this research, it is recommended that the different levels of managers make enough efforts to perceive the importance of organizational learning and how to establish these capabilities among the staff.

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The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of advertising appeal on pleasure and consumer’s arousal in sport service. Research method was the 3×2 between subjects quasi-experiment factorial design. The statistical population consisted of physical education and Non-physical education students at Tehran of university. 440 subjects were selected by using the stratified sampling. To data collection, From Russell & Mehrabian’s pleasure and arousal scale (1974), Zaichkowsky’s Personal Involvement Inventory (1994) were used. Their reliability obtained using the Cronbach's alpha 0.93, 0.90 and 0.89, respectively. The MANCOVA  results indicated that a main effect of the advertising appeal on pleasure in subjects who have observed an affective appeal is more than subjects who have observed a cognitive appeal [F(1,879) = 10.637, P &le 0.001]. Moreover, the results indicated that a main effect of the advertising appeal on arousal in subjects who have observed an affective appeal is more than subjects who have observed a cognitive appeal [F(1,879) = 22.818, P &le 0.001].

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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between conflict management styles and performance of national sport federations heads. The statistical population of this investigation included presidents and vice- presidents of national sport federations. (According to 52 federations, they were 150 people) that all of them considered as the survey samples. According to the aims of survey standard questionnaire of conflict management styles (Putnam & Wilson) and Achieve (Hersey and Goldsmith) were used. Reliability of questionnaires was estimated by Cronbach Alpha that the coefficients for these instruments were r=0/82 & r=0/84. The data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results indicated that federations’ heads prefer to use collaboration and compromising styles first and then avoidance, accommodation and domination. In the case of performance, seven factors of achieve model in order were found as ability, clarity, validity, environment, evaluation, organizational support and incentive. There was a significant positive relation between performance and collaboration style and also significant negative relation between performance and domination & compromising, but there was not any relation between performance and avoidance accommodation styles.

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Customer satisfaction is the major concern and prerequisite for competitiveness in today’s global. This study aims to examine and categorize the factors affecting on Attracting of customer's satisfaction from sports stores in Iran with based on Kano satisfaction model. Research mehod was descriptive Statistics community includes all of the Iran sport stores` customers that between them. 5800 people selected by random selecting as a sample. Research tool in this research was a made researcher questionnaire based on a comprehensive study of the resources that it`s Reliability and validity were evaluated by current methods. To analyze data discritive statistics were used. The Results showed that to offer new products to market with satisfaction coefficients 0/433 was most important case among fundamental factors. Have appropriate physical environment of stores with satisfaction coefficients 0/765 was most important case among Functional factors and having good information about the characteristics of goods by retailers with Satisfaction coefficients 0/864 was most important case among Motivational factors too.

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The purpose of this study was to determin the role of job satisfaction in relationship between organizational culture and turnover intention in expert of sport federations. Research instruments was Woodjob satisfaction (1986), Cameron and Quinn(1990) organizational justice, and cummann(1979) turnover intention Questionnaires. Reliability of research questionnaires after a pilot study approved. Cronbach's alpha of research instruments equal to 0/84, 0/93, 0/86 respectively. Statistical Society of the study was expert of sport federations and sample population included 227 experts. For data analysis and identification the effect of research variable structural equation modeling used. Findings showed, the effect of Organizational culture on job satisfaction is significant (&beta=0/635, t=15/97), and on turnover intention was negative. (&beta=-0/185, t=2/11). Also finding showed that the effect of job satisfaction on turnover intention is significant and negative effect (&beta=-0/225, t=2/39). Other finding of research is that indirect effect of organizational culture (&beta=-0/328, t=5/21) on turnover intention greater than direct effect of it (-1/96&le T value &le+1/96). Generaly, can be said, to create an strong organizational culture, officials headquarters of sport federations, should be Aligned Their strategic plans together, thereby provide the proper background for achievement of organizational and individual goals, that improve the level of job satisfaction of staffs  and decrease the level of turnover intention of their

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Nationalism in consumption is a form of economic of nationalism that forms
consumer beliefs about appropriate or actually morality of goods purchasing and
it has been the subject of many investigations. In this study, According to Krejcie
& Morgan chart, 278 cases were selected a mong among 965 undergraduate
physical education students of Tehran and karaj selected Universities as a
research samples. The measuring tools included CETSCALE of shimp &
sharma(1987) and Questionnaire of Hoseinzade(1386) , its Reliability was
achieved 0/841. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and Inferential statistics
including spearman coorelation and Mann-Whitney test in SPSS with p<0.05
Significance level were used.The finding of investigation demonstrates
Consumer Nationalism of physical education students have been in low grade.
Moreover there wasn’t and relation between Nationalism and Patriotism, whereas
there was a negative relation between World Mindedness and Consumer
Nationalism among students .Also results of Mann-Whitney test imply that there
is a difference among boys and girls between of Consumer Nationalism, World
Mindedness and Assessment of Domestic Sporting Goods. Girls are more
nationalist than boys and also they have a good Assessment of Domestic
Sporting Goods, but boys have more than World Mindedness.
In the end, consumers with low consumer nationalism have a low assessment of
domestic goods and inverse.

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The purpose of present study was to standardize the measurement tool of beliefs
in advertising through sport. Following the permit was taken from the owner of
the questionnaire (Pyun, 2006), questionnaire by the three-stage translation
method and introductory study performed. Population of the study was all the
spectators that attended in the Azadi Stadium, 342 samples were selected
randomly. 27 items were included in the questionnaire with seven components
(being economic, product information, falsity, materialism, social image and role,
annoying, pleasure). Questions were analyzed by the 5-likert scale. To determine
the formal and content validity of the tool, viewpoints of experts in sport marketing
were used. To determine the structure validity of the tool, CFA was applied by
using LISREL package. Analysis of the structure validity of the tool showed that
items of the questionnaire had an appropriate factor load. The results showed
that the indices of the model had an appropriate goodness of fit2.45¬df=/2x,
RMSEA=0.065, GFI=0.94, AGFI= 0.95 approved the indexes. Cronbach’s Alpha
coefficients of the reliability of the seven components were between 0.70 to
0.730.Given the confirmation of relevant tool in this study; other researchers can
use this tool to measure the customers’ belief advertisement through sport.

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Today, the brand's customer loyalty is key to business success, many companies
try to increase loyalty among customers to expand their brand. The aim of this
study was to identify factors influencing the loyalty of purchase decision makers
of the clubs and football players to sports apparel brand in the eleventh round of
the Premier League. Methodology of this research was surveying and population
of this research formed as sports apparel purchase decision makers in the
Premier League football clubs of Iran(the director and deputy director of the club,
and the head coach and team coaches N=90)and the players who participated in
the eleventh round of Premier League football (463= N).The study sample
included 60 individuals purchasing decision makers in clubs and 263 people of
Premier League football players of Iran. Questionnaire data collection tool for
brand loyalty was Wong Foong and yahyah (2008) with reliability of (α=0.82).
Face and content validity of the questionnaire was verified by masters of sport
marketing and confirmed by sport management. To analyse data Kolmogorov
Smirnov test, ANOVA (analysis of variance) with repeated measures, a
comparison Bunfrony test and independent t-tests at a significance level of 0.05
was conducted with spss19 software were used. The results showed that the
factors of the product quality, model and brand of sports was more effective than
other factors in loyaltyofsportsapparel brand and factors of service quality and
price perspective, No significant difference between group of purchasing decision
makers and players in the Premier League football clubs of Iran were found.
Therefore, program managers sports apparel industry planners should try to
create or modify models to increase brand loyalty and products quality and using
innovative strategies of develop and promote service quality and pricing to
expand their brand through customers. Moreover provide basis increasing rate of
customers loyalty and thus provide the long-term interests of their business

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The essence of science is to build comprehensives model rather than scattered
data, because the data in form of modeles can be discovered, explained and
interpreted. The lack of reliable models in sport, and in particular, sport for all,
encouraged the researcher to achieve a model for sport for all in Iran.The aim of
the present study is to propose a model to measure and analyze the sport for all
in Iran. For this purpose, a 66 questions questionnaire was used based on model
of sport for all in Iran.The samples were selected among the Iranian sport
administrates using stratified random sampling method. 320 questionnaires were
collected.The Chi-square value of the model, RMSEM and goodness of fit index
(GFI) was 385.76, 0.082 and 0.95, respectively. The adjusted goodness of fit
index (AGFI) for the degrees of freedom was equal to 0.94. These values indicate
a good fitting of the model.
This model is a simplified representation of the sport for all which shows the basic
constructs of sport for all in Iran.The process of sport for all in Iran can be
analyzed by using the present model. It is also possible to find a new classification
in sport for all.

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The purpose of this study is to indendiey the situation expression of the sport
tourism marketing indexes from sport and tourism expert’s view in west
Azerbaijan province.This study is descriptive- analytical and field methods.
Research statistical population is expert members of tourism organization (n=39)
and expert members of physical education general offices (n=45). Research tools
is sport marketing tourism indexes Questionnaire Bidokhti and Nazari (2009) with
reliability of (&alpha;= 0. 82). Validity was confirmed by sport management experts’
view. For comparison of existence and ideal situation, Wilcox test used. Also for
component mean comparison with mean of the spectrum one-sample t-test and
for precedence of the indexes was used from Friedman test (p&le;0.05) were used.
The results showed that, between the current and ideal situation in massive
investment country modification, development of infrastructure, attention to
tourism attractions, promotion activities and regulation of guidelines based on
distribute attractions, there are significant differences and in all cases, the
existence situation mean is less than ideal situation. This means that the
mentioned indicators are not empowered in the existing situation and need to be
reviewed, that achieve to their optimum condition.
based on results, the managers don’t use from marketing indexes mentioned as
a way of sports tourism marketing, while indicate that the use of these methods,
are the reasons for development of sports tourism marketing. The result of this
factor is: create of positive station in the sport tourist minds, and at last these
industries develop in western Azerbaijan province, and increase tourism market
share.

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Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to examine the process of retirement from professional sport from perspective of sports administrator and retired athletes. This survey was descriptive that 42 administrators and 70 retired athletes from Guilan province took part in it. Data gathered through SCT questionnaire which it's content and face validity was confirmed by 15 experts and reliability was computed in a pilot study that included 20 retired athletes and 15 sports administrator (r=0.91). The data were analyzed by using repeated measure, Pearson correlation coefficient and Independent t test. The results showed that, the reasons for sport retirement included achievement of goals championship, sport injuries, financial problems and having problems with coaching staff. Also health-related and job-related problems were the most problems which retired athletes were confronted them. Results showed there were significant differences among problems of sport retirement from the perspective of sports administrator and retired athletes. Also, there were significant relationships between reasons and problems of retirement (p≤0.05). With offering programs such as economic and financial, educational, professional, Public health and nutrition consultant, etc., sport organizations can prepare athletes to face with retirement and its likely problems.

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Introduction: Physical activity is an important factor in maintaining of psychological and physical health, leisure time enrichment, development of social relations, avoid from mechanically life, return to nature and is way for reduce of stress and risk factors in public health. The purpose of this study is analysis of influencing factors on health ways usage in different points of Urmia city (with emphasis on use of body fitness units in parks). Methodology: Research strategy was descriptive- analytical and the method was questionnaire field study. Population includes the all of citizens above 20 years of Urmia city that was 96141 people, and sample of research consists of 384 peoples on the base of Morgan table. Research tools were consisted a researcher- made questionnaire that Reliability was (α=0.91), and was base on 5 point Lickert scale. Data were analyzed by factor analysis in meaningful level (p<0.05). Finding: The results showed that five factors extracted from the factor analysis rotation which expressed 5 dimensions of effective health ways usage consisted of quality of facilities (. /21.83), cultural factors (. /17.28), social factors (. /11.99), sub-structural factors (. /5.25) and finally environmental factors (. /2.74). Discussion: According to the results, all factors of this study have significant impact on the health way Usage. So, quality of facilities is the most important estimated factor that needs to be implemented effective strategies by the responsible entities.

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The present study has examined the effect of psychological capital on organizational citizenship behavior. This is a case study with cross-sectional design and questionnaire as research method. Statistical population was the formal and contract staff of the Ministry of Youth and Sport (N=210 Employees). The data related to psychological capital and organizational citizenship behavior variables are gathered via Luthans et al. (2007) and Podsakoff et al. (1994) standard questionnaires. The reliability of the standard questionnaire was measured by CR and AVE tests and the validity of that was measured  by confirmatory factor analysis via Smart PLS Software. The questionnaire distributed among 160 employees that those selected randomly. Data analyzing was performed by Smart PLS and XLSTAT via structural equations method (SEM). The results show that psychological capital has a positive and meaningful impact on organizational citizenship behavior. We also showed that the most impact of dimensions of psychological capital on organizational citizenship behavior (R²:0.35) is made by altruism dimension.