This study investigated the effect of audiovisual integration on action-perception transfer.40 subjects were randomly divided four groups: visual, visual-auditory, control visual and control visual-auditory. Visual groups watched pattern skilled basketball player and other groups in addition to watching pattern skilled basketball player, heard Elbow angular velocity as sonification. In first stage, the pattern is presented to subjects for five times and them replying to ten questions about different aspects of pattern. Then they performed parameter recognition and pattern recongnition tests. In second stage, experimental groups watch pattern five times again and perform it after each watch. Control groups watch pattern similar to experimental group but they must not perform it. All groups responded to the questionnaire and participated in a recognition tests again. Results showed that before action, in “percent confidence reply” and no “reply to questions” there is significant different between experimental groups. But after action in both “percent confidence reply” and “reply to questions” there was significant different between experimental groups and control groups (p<0.05). In this study was confirmed effect of visual-auditory integration on action-perception transfer. This results is explainable based of Common Coding Theory, Direct Matching Hypothesis and Predictive Models. The results are consistent with modality appropriateness hypothesis.

Motor learning or the acquisition of coordination is a process of searching for stable functional coordination patterns, into which a system can settle during a task or activity. Human as complex creatures can choose the best pattern based on conditions within different coordination patterns and also achieve goals of tasks. So the purpose of this study is to determination the effect of a Nonlinear Pedagogy approach for the effectiveness of the movement and acquisition of skills. Accordingly, in this study 14 participants (with the average 19.64 and SD 0.74) are taught the short backhand serve of badminton with using linear and nonlinear pedagogy approaches. Linear approach Based on traditional Viewpoint using the descriptive methods and repetive instructions. On the other hand, nonlinear Pedagogy Approach Based on the ecological dynamics theory using manipulation of task constraints especially task constraints including equipment and rules Planned and conducted. Performance accuracy were selected to analyze further selections and used analysis of covariance to measure the effect of the independent variable measured. The test significance level was considered P <./ 05. Despite the progress of both groups to the pre-test, no difference was observed between the two groups in accuracy scores (F=0.092 and p=0.767) and both were equal to achieve results of the task as an indicator of skill acquisition. Our findings indicate that nonlinear pedagogy approach, resulted from theory of ecological dynamics, consider the complexity of Acquisition the skill and inherent tendency of individuals with providing movement affordances. Also, this approach can be effective in the fulfilment of goal tasks.

The purpose of this study is to predict the management of change through the use of information technology components in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the Islamic Republic of Iran. To collect data, a questionnaire was used to survey the acceptance and use of information technology in the workplace (Davis, 1989) in four sections: perceived usefulness with 6 questions, perceptual ease with 6 questions, attitude towards the use of information technology with 5 questions, and The tendency to use information technology with 4 questions and a total of 21 questions of five values (Likert number 1 to 5, too many) were used and the AdCaracy FAQ changed the management to assess the extent and the extent to which employees were exposed to changes in the workplace to measure The components of knowledge, desire, knowledge, ability, and reinforcement (Likert Five Value Questionnaire). The questionnaire from the translated translated article is a research article to investigate the extent and staff resistance to change (Boehne, 2012). It is worth mentioning that the questionnaire is a super standard and international, and with the confirmation of professors, Is. Its reliability has been approved and certified at an international level of 96%. The methodology of this research is descriptive-survey. The results of the research were descriptive and inferential statistics such as Kalmogorov-Smirnov (to determine the normality of the data), single-sample t-test (to determine the status of the main variables), Pearson correlation coefficient (to determine the relationships between variables), multiple regression test (forward direction Nasal variables) were analyzed using spss software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between "change management" and "application of information technology". Also, there is a significant positive relationship between "perceived usefulness", "perceived ease", "attitude toward application" and "tendency to use" with "change management" (p <0.05)., So it can be deduced that change management can be predicted through the IT component. In this research, change management is considered as a criterion variable and is predicted through the application of information technology components.

The aim of current study was providing a model of the effect of emotional commitment and continued commitment on customers’ going to buy and Support intention. The statistical population was the whole consumers of Enghelab sport complex of Tehran that based on the number of questions of questionnaires (30 questions) 300 samples were selected. With reviewing the literature of the study, the primary research model was designed and based on that, the questionnaire was made and validity of questionnaire was confirmed by some academic experts and factor analysis. For analyzing the data, was used SEM (Structural equation modeling). The results from the model was shown emotional and continued commitment have effects on going to buy and customers’ support intention. Also, the model has goodness and high fitness and shown that the designed relationships of variables had been logical on research theoretical base. Focus on the result, was suggested to make customers commitment, and should be considered to serving customers and suppliers expectations in line with expectations and beyond their expectations that consequently has increased purchase intention and support customers of Enghelab Sports Complex.

Augmented feedback is information that guidance performance to direction correct response and has critical role in motor skill learning. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of knowledge of results, after good and poor trials on learning and error estimation capability in children.32 elementary students (Mean age 10/4, SD ± 0/9) that all novice and no experience in dart skill participated in this research and randomly divided in two groups (good and poor feedback groups). Participants’ in acquisition phase exercise dart skill at 10 blacks (6-trial) and received knowledge of resulting feedback on 3 attempts in each block, also in all their trials on the acquisition and retention had error estimation. Multiplex Analysis of variance test (2*2) with repeated measures, independent t test and Multiple Analysis of variance test used to data analysis (α=0.05). There were significant difference between two groups in performance and error estimation in practice phase (p=0/001). Also, the good feedback group showed learning and error detection capability advantages on a delayed retention test (p=0/001). These results demonstrated that learning and error detection capability are facilitated if feedback is presented after good rather than poor trials.

Focus of attention instruction has a great influence on performance and learning. The purpose of this study was to examine the predicted constrained action hypothesis in badminton backhand serv. 30 women student participants from physical education classes of University of Kharazmi are selected as sample. Participants are tested in probe task at different stage of serve after identifying base of reaction time, and level of attention demanding of different parts was measured. Then participants divided into two groups (internal and external focus of attention) and they are tested with their specific instruction again. The results revealed that first stage of serve has the most attention need (p<0/001), but there is not any difference between two groups and different serve stage in the effect of focus of attention type. Accordance with these results the constrained action hypothesis at discrete skills is not confirmed.