Showing 324 results for Type of Study: Research
Dr Laleh Hamboushi, Dr Elaheh Arabameri, Dr Mehdi Shahbazi, Dr Rasoul Zeidabady,
Volume 12, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of motor dependent/independent visual perception training on visual-motor integration and fine motor skills of 7-8 year old children .For this purpose, 107, 1st grade primary school students in Sabzevar were selected through purposive sampling (with equal economical and cultural status , optimum mental and physical health and full sight with or without wearing glasses) and randomly divided into two experimental (no=32)and a control group (no=43). After attending a pre-test session, one of the experimental groups was trained in movement dependent visual-perception tasks while the other group performed movement independent visual-perception tasks. Both groups performed their tasks for three sessions, 45-minute per week and for six consecutive weeks. Shapiro-Wilk and Levin test results confirmed the normality and homogenity of data and ANCOVA showed that both training programs significantly improved visual-motor integration and fine motor skills of 7 to 8 years old children. However, Bonferroni test indicated that there were no significant differences between the movement dependent and independent training programs. The data analysis was performed by using SPSS 19.0. The results of this study confirmed the purposed "movement" hypothesis stating that the significant contributor to the development of perception and perceptual-motor components is not the active or passive movements of the individual, but rather it is the attention of the person to the visual stimuli within the environment.
Zeinab Khodaverdi, Dr Abbas Bahram, Dr Hassan Khalaji, Dr Anoshirvan Kazemnejad, Dr Farhad Ghadiri,
Volume 12, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
This study aimed to address agreement level of performances on 3 selected motor skill assessment tools in a sample of Iranian first to fourth graders aged 7-10 year olds. The convenience sample included 164 healthy girls from public schools. A Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated on the association between MABC-2, KTK and TGMD-3 performances in graders. A one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to compare performances means across grade levels. Low-to-moderate correlations were found between assessments across age in each assessment. In general, girls demonstrated higher scores across age cohorts. In conclusion, low-to-moderate associations among assessments instruments provide different pictures/levels of motor competency and should not be used interchangeably in studies.
Dr Mozhgan Memarmoghaddam, Dr Masoumeh Ali Asghari Toyeh, Mrs Mitra Mohammadi,
Volume 12, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of focusing attention on quiet eye behavior and accuracy of execution on dart throwing skills. For this purpose, 20 male students in dart beginner (age range 19-22 years old) were voluntarily selected. All participants performed external and internal attention instructions in a counterbalanced manner. Thus, Participants first made 10 attempts at baseline (without attentive instructions). Then performed a total of 20 training attempts as counterbalance in both external and internal attention strategies. In all trials, visual system information was recorded using an eye tracking device and the radial error formula was used to measure accuracy. Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA (P=0.05). The results showed that the accuracy of throwing was significantly improved in external attention condition compared to baseline and internal conditions (P=0.001). The results also indicate that the quiet eye period was longer in the external focus condition than in the inner attention condition (P=0.001). According to the results of this study, it can be assumed that quiet eye duration is one of the essential mechanisms in execution accuracy of targeting skill in beginners, and that focusing attention in addition to execution accuracy is also effective on quiet eye duration.
Ali Abbaszadeh, Abdolah Ghasemi, Dr Ali Heirani, Dr Mahshid Zare Zadeh,
Volume 12, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
Abstract
Birth weight is one of the most important indicators of neonatal health in any society and is considered as the best tool to measure the outcome of pregnancy and the most important factor in determining the incidence of disease or death of the infant. The purpose of this study was to investigating relationship between visual impairments and motor problems in children 3-6 age with very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight. The participants of this study were 88 children, 54 children with very low birth weight and 34 children with extremely low birth weight who were selected as available. The MABC-2 test were used evaluated motor performances and visual functions such as visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, Stereo acuity, Strabismus, nystagmus, Accommodation, convergence and visual perception measuring by a pediatric ophthalmologist. Pearson correlation coefficient test with bootstrap confidence intervals was used to examine the relationship between each of the visual measurements and motor function. Also, a two-string point coefficient was used to determine the relationship between motor function and eye deviation and nystagmus. The results showed that the rate of visual and motor disorders in the two groups of preterm children was high compared to the healthy population, but there was no significant relationship between visual deficits and movement problems in the two groups of preterm children. This means that vision impairment does not lead to motor problems in preterm children.
Fatemeh Sabzevari Shahreza, Dr Shahab Parvinpour, Dr Mahdi Namazizadeh,
Volume 12, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of teaching games for understanding approach (TGfU) on aerobic endurance, enhancing motor performance and promoting physical activity. To this end, the ten-year-old (mean age=10.2 years, SD 0.7) students in two fourth-grade classes at a school in Sirjan were randomly divided into control and experimental group (N= 22 for each group). First, all participants were given Canadian Agility and Movement Skills Assessment (CAMSA) and Pacer test were taken and their level of physical activity was measured and recorded with a pedometer. The students in the experimental group participated in an intervention program for 36 sessions each for 45 minutes. The participants in the control group followed the usual program. Finally in the end of the intervention, the-second-time- performed tests were given to both groups. Mann-Whitney U test and “Poisson regression analysis” by using GEE method" was used to data analyze. Finally, the same tests were performed after intervention program for both groups. Results indicated that, this approach can play a significant role on agility and movement skills and level of physical activity, while no significant difference was observed on aerobic endurance. The results support the hypothesis that the use of TGfU approach can be effective in facilitating the development of motor performance and improving the level of physical activity among children.
Mr Kiomars Ramezanlo, Dr Noshin Benar, Ms Fatemeh Saeedi,
Volume 12, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of input sources, market position and creativity in creating a competitive advantage for sports businesses. This research was a descriptive-survey and in terms of practical purpose. The statistical population of this study consisted of managers of water sports recreational complexes in Tehran. To collect the data needed to test the hypotheses, a field method and a questionnaire were used. To obtain more confidence in the results, 80 questionnaires were distributed among managers in purposeful way in relation to the distribution of water sports complexes in five districts of Tehran province of which 75 questionnaires were analyzed. Findings showed that Input resources, market positioning and creativity power has a positive and significant effect on competitive advantage.
The results of this study are the purposefulness of the hybrid approach due to the ability to properly use input resources including human, organizational and financial resources, attention to customer capital and having competitive intelligence as creators and stabilizers in the market and also capital of innovation, information technology capability and knowledge management as the most important resources and elements in using creativity, they can bring a competitive advantage to businesses.
Dr Mohammadsadegh Afroozeh, Dr Hamidreza Safari, Mr Mohammad Firoozian,
Volume 12, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
According to the concept of social responsibility, since professional athletes are members of society and, like other members of society, are responsible for their environment, it is necessary for them both to improve their sportive, economic and social performance and to promote the social living standards of the people of the society. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study was to investigate the social responsibility of professional athletes during Coronavirus pandemic. The research design was qualitative and was conducted through Grounded theory Also, the statistical sample of the research consisted of fourteen athletes, experts and faculty members who underwent interview. Also, the findings were analyzed through coding method in three stages open, axial and selective, and a set of basic themes was collected during the open coding process and categories were extracted from them, accordingly. Then, in the axial and selective coding stage, the link between these categories was determined under the headings of contexts, strategies and consequences. Based on the results, nine-three marks were identified in the coding, which were placed in 20 categories. According to the results, it is suggested that top officials and decision makers in sports, with awareness of the high potential of athlete’s social influence, to plan preventive policies in relation to the critical condition of COVID-19 Pandemic and considering the social responsibility of athletes in this context, make their own decisions.
Dr Maryam Taherikia, Dr Alireza Elahi, Dr Hossein Akbari Yazdi,
Volume 12, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
In recent decades, sports organizations have paid special attention to the importance of considering the purchase behavior of customers. Meanwhile, the variables that can have an impact on customers' purchase behavior have been considered. This study aimed to determine the causal relationship between relationship marketing and purchase behavior of spectators using structural equation modeling. For this purpose, two questionnaires including Kim’s relationship marketing and purchase behavior questionnaires (2008) were used. After confirming their validity and reliability, these questionnaires were distributed among the sample. Sample was consisted of 430 spectators who participated in Foolade_Shahr Stadium to watch the Sepahan’ games using Morgan table. The research method was statistical -correlational and it was based on the structural equation model. The results of path analysis showed that relationship marketing has an impact on purchase behavior of spectators (β= 0.043, p≤0.05). Considering the findings of this study, approaches can be provided to determine the strategy of relationship marketing and evaluate the impact of this strategy on purchase behavior of spectators- as the main customers of football clubs.
Dr Kianoosh Shajie, Dr Mahdi Talebpour, Dr Seyed Morteza Azimzadeh, Dr Mohammad Keshtidar, Dr Reza Heydari,
Volume 12, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
Football referees are one of the main and central components of football and face many problems that if not paid attention and identified injuries that reduce their performance and irreparable damage to the football body; Therefore, the purpose of this study was to qualitatively analyze the pathology of human capital of professional football in Iran, which was a case study on professional referees in the Iranian Football Premier League.This research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical method and qualitative research in terms of implementation. Data collection tools were library resources, interviews and Delphi questionnaire. The statistical population in the interview section included all the elites in the field of football refereeing and familiar with human capital issues, which targeted 20 people, and in the Delphi section, all international and national referees of professional football in Iran, 25 of them targeted and snowball. Sample titles were considered. Open and axial coding, summarizing and filtering techniques were used to extract the raw data. Finally, all 57 injuries identified in the Iranian football refereeing department were confirmed by research experts. It can be concluded that structural, contextual and behavioral injuries are very important in the human group of judges. Undoubtedly, the results of the research can be used as a beacon in the future plans of the Iranian Football Federation, especially the referees' committee and department, and can be used in determining policies.
Rahim Ramezaninejad, Samaneh Nazari, Maryam Besharatimoghadam, Mohammad Javad Ziya,
Volume 12, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
The purpose of this research is the pathology of Covid-19 consequences on PE in schools with representing the challenges based on other countries` educational programs and experience. Using the library study method, 100 articles were analyzed and the research data was classified into two forms of challenges and strategies. Findings showed that challenges have appeared including online education challenge (students, parents, and teachers), psychological and social challenge, formation of a new generation of PE students, change of the nature of PE class, challenge of the students with special needs, economic challenge, and school closure. In the second part, effective strategies such as providing counseling programs to solve online education problems, specific educational strategies, professional development for PE teachers, the role of family, parents, principals and school staff, psychological solutions, reducing incompatibility and instability of interpersonal relationships, maintaining the empirical nature and dynamism of PE class, and physical activity strategy after the reopening of schools have been introduced. Finally, the government and educational institutions alongside families can take effective steps, according to the contingent educational conditions, to improve and innovate PE programs in the country's schools, especially during Corona, while reducing the negative effects of Corona outbreak and using existing capacities.
Dr Mohamad Hasan Peymanfar,
Volume 12, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences of Kharazmi University is the first and oldest center of higher education in the Iranian sports industry. Therefore, being a leader in moving towards fourth generation universities can be a model for other faculties across the country. To this end, the present study has reviewed and analyzed strategically in this field using the new three-branch model TOPSIS-SWOT-FIFs and presented related strategies on the Vision of 2025. In the strategic studies section, experts in the field of sports sciences as members of the strategic council (11 people), and in the quantitative section, all faculty members and staffs (40 people) formed the present research community. The findings of the present study are the result of the efforts of more than 100 people-hours of the research community and include 14 macro strategies and 65 strategic actions in 4 axes of growth and development. In this regard, it seems that in order to be a leader in the fourth generation universities and also to achieve its mission, the development of an executive model of strategies can be the first step to achieve the developed vision.
Mrs Leyla Choopan Nezhad, Dr Rasoul Yaali, Dr Ahmad Reza Movahedi,
Volume 12, Issue 24 (12-2022)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dominant and non-dominant mental practice on Badminton's backhand short service. A total of 20 girls aged 12-14 years old from the city of Goldasht were selected and purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups. Both training groups trained in 30 sessions, in which 50 performance were made to visualize the skill of the service mentally. In order to compare the two groups, the mixed ANOVA and Bonferron's post hoc test were used. Comparing the between-group, the results showed that mental practice with dominant hands was not significant in dynamic environment and interactive exercise, but subjective exercise was significantly (P <0.05). No significant results were obtained in the within group comparison, but given the low effectiveness, it seems that the difference between the two groups is very close to meaning. Research findings suggest that coaches and teachers of interactive practice can benefit from less-than-lateral mental practice to improve the performance of their athletes in training sessions.
Dr Ayoub Asadi, Dr Mahmood Sheikh, Dr Davood Hoomanian, Dr Saleh Rafiee,
Volume 12, Issue 24 (12-2022)
Abstract
It has been shown in various researches that the focus of attention and quiet eye duration (QED) are effective variables on the performance of targeting tasks. However, the impact of these variables on motor skills in children needs more research; Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different attentional focus instruction on QED and accuracy of children's darts throwing. Participants such as twelve right handed children (age: M=8.83, SD=0.79) without dart throwing experience participated in the study; while their eyes movements were recorded by an eye tracker system, participants performed 18 dart throws (6 blocks of 3 trials) under three different attentional conditions: 1) an external focus, 2) an internal focus, and 3) control conditions. The result showed that effect of focus of attention was significant neither for accuracy nor for QED. Therefore, in order to be aware of the optimal focus of children, more research is needed in various motor tasks.
Dr Amir Ghiamirad, Mr Vahid Hassanpour,
Volume 12, Issue 24 (12-2022)
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive-motor exercises on pain, range of motion, and quality of life in elderly female patients with knee arthritis. In this quasi-experimental study, 30 elderly female patients referred to the physical medicine ward of Tabriz International Hospital were selected via a convenience sampling method and randomly divided into experimental (n = 16) and control (n = 14) groups. Patients in the experimental group performed cognitive-motor exercises for eight weeks, three sessions per week, and each session for 45-60 minutes. Range of motion of the knee joint were used to measure pain and quality of life via electro goniometer and the KOOS questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using combined analysis of variance test at the significance level of 0.05 in SPSS18 software. The research results showed that after cognitive-motor exercises, the amount of pain (P = 0.001), range of motion (P = 0.001), and quality of life (P = 0.001) improved significantly. As the findings indicated, it seems that cognitive-motor exercises can be used as a useful method for the rehabilitation of elderly women with knee osteoarthritis.
Mr Zeinolabedin Rezaei, Dr Abbas Khodayari, Dr Mehdi Kohandel,
Volume 12, Issue 24 (12-2022)
Abstract
In this study, some predictions and consequences of football fans' engagement have been examined. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of how to collect descriptive information of correlation type. To collect the required data, Persepolis football team fans (n = 220) were considered as a statistical sample and completed the electronic questionnaires voluntarily. To collect data from six questionnaires; Team Quality Questionnaire Zhang et al. (1997), Communication Quality Questionnaire Nyadzayo et al. (2015), Emotional Satisfaction Questionnaire Reynolds & Beatty (1999), Perceived Value Questionnaire Daniel Sweeney (2008), Engagement Questionnaire Researcher-made, Behavioral Questionnaire Kim (2008) has been used. The results of structural equation modeling showed that team quality affects emotional satisfaction and engagement of fans, but relationship quality only affects engagement. The relationship between emotional satisfaction and fan engagement as well as the relationship between engagement and behavioral intentions was positive and significant. The role of positive mediation of emotional satisfaction on the relationship between team quality and fan engagement was confirmed. Also, Perceived value moderated the causal relationship between relationship quality and emotional satisfaction. According to the results, it is suggested that the clubs, by improving the quality of their team and relationship with the fans, create a permanent engagement for them so that they can increase their intention to re-presence and word of mouth spread.
Dr Javad Fesanghari, Dr Rasool Norouzi Seyed Hossini, Dr Marjan Saffari, Dr Hashem Kozechian ,
Volume 12, Issue 24 (12-2022)
Abstract
Nowadays, technology is becoming one of the most important factors that contribute to the Internationalization of recreational sports industry.This study was done to design a model to develop recreational sports by new technologies in Iran. This study was carried out with mixed Methods.In the qualitative part, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 participants through purposive and standard sampling methods. The content analysis method was used to analyze the data and in the same section, a questionnaire was prepared based on the identified themes from the qualitative part, which included the available dimensions and components. Questionnaires were distributed among 406 samples after confirmation of validity and reliability. Descriptive statistics and confirmatory factor analysis were used for analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the main themes of the model of development of recreational sports through new technologies are divided into four parts: propulsion and stimuli, challenges of using new technologies, opportunities to use new technologies and consequences of using new technologies in the development of recreational sports. Presently, increasing human-computer equipment interaction is facilitating new ways of using technology in sports environments, and in the future, technology will bring structural changes in all sectors of sports, especially recreational activities.
Dr Javad Shahvali Kohshour, Dr Ahmadreza Askari, Dr Rasool Nazari, Dr Amirreza Naghsh,
Volume 12, Issue 24 (12-2022)
Abstract
This paper attempts to link social constructivism with future research by focusing on which, and to present a short-range theory in constructing the possible future of Iranian educational sport in this process, using the constructivist approach of the basic theory. The growth of educational sports is beginning of the development of sports. The data of this qualitative research had an exploratory-fundamental nature, and was collected through purposive sampling using snowball technique and based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 22 experts in the field of educational sports. Accurate interpretive understanding and initial, focused, pivotal and theoretical coding showed that educational sport can achieve its desired future and set a vision for which, based on the requirements of future shaping, overcoming the past weight, present pressure and in line with future traction and choosing proactive behavior in the face of the future. Also, for participation in the student and university sports, two construction strategies were presented separately. As a result, a basic theory derived from the data, entitled "The planned future of Iranian educational sports" was explained.
Mrs Shakiba Izadkhah, Dr Farideh Ashraf Ganjooei, Dr Zahra Haji Anzhaei,
Volume 12, Issue 24 (12-2022)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to design a model of business strategies for marketing sports products on social networks. The statistical sample of this study consisted of 20 experts (university faculty members, employment and entrepreneurship consultants, and sports market consultants and sports business managers). Sampling was purposeful and snowballs and continued until the interviews reached the stage of theoretical saturation. Data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The validity of the study was confirmed based on the criteria of "acceptability", "transferability" and "verifiability". Also, 85% reliability was reported. According to the obtained results, it can be said that in order to provide an implementation mechanism, 1) innovation strategy, 2) customer relationship strategy, 3) infrastructure strategy, 4) development strategy, 5) service strategy, 6) Expert manpower strategy, 7) Promotion strategy, 8) Pricing strategy and 9) Product strategy to be considered. Marketing strategies have an impact on the performance of sports businesses, meaning that sports businesses on social networks can reach a good position in a competitive environment when they have a good marketing strategy. Therefore, it is necessary for sports business managers in social networks to pay special attention to marketing strategies in order to develop their performance.
Fatima Rabiei, Dr. Hamdi Salehi,
Volume 12, Issue 24 (12-2022)
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the differences between novice and skilled baseball players to anticipate the type of ball being pitched and to specify the players’ dependence on distributed or local kinematic spatial cues. Male baseball players (N= 15; Mage: 27.73 ± 6.28 years; baseball experience: 7.90 ± 5.69 years) and novices (N= 15; Mage: 23.10 ± 5.68 years; no playing experience in baseball) were asked to anticipate the type of pitch (i.e., fastball vs. curveball) using a spatial occlusion paradigm. Both groups viewed recorded video simulations of spatially manipulated pitches in which nine specific parts of the pitcher’s body or the ball were either omitted or showed separately. The data was analyzed by a 2 (Skill level) × 9 (Display Condition) mixed-design analysis of variance. The results revealed that skilled baseball players outperformed novices in the occlusion conditions. Furthermore, the results revealed that skilled baseball players used throwing arm and ball as well as upper body kinematic cues for their correct anticipations. The results are in line with previous findings on perceptual-cognitive expertise and decision-making in interactive sports and indicate skilled baseball players are able to obtain information distributed globally within the pitcher's body, rather than reliance on specific isolated or local kinematic cues.
Dr Mahrokh Dehghani,
Volume 12, Issue 24 (12-2022)
Abstract
Nonlinear methods in physical education is a new idea that covers all the disadvantages of the traditional method and is effective for learning and implementation based on the results of studies compared to the linear method. However, it is not clear how much this method is used by trainers in Iran. This study sought to determine what kind of method (linear / non-linear) instructors use for training. Therefore, 15 expert trainers were selected by available method and interviewed by semi-structured method. The study and determination of linear or non-linear methods was based on the differences between linear and non-linear methods and the results showed based on the interview of trainers and taking into account the target categories, repetition, pattern, description, variability, feedback and instructions. The educators studied in this study use the linear method in education. The results of this study show that the university environment and practice in the field of education are separate and emphasizes that specialists in nonlinear methods should raise the awareness of sports coaches by holding training workshops and increasing knowledge. Also, the use of physical education graduates in the field of coaching and as teachers of federations may be helpful in this regard.
