Hamed Sabzevari, Dr Neda Shahrzad, Dr Abbas Bahram,
Volume 11, Issue 22 (12-2021)
Abstract
ABSTRAC
Physical activity is related to health factors such as motor competence, health related Physical fitness, perceived motor competence. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mediation of cardiovascular fitness, perceived motor competence in relation between actual motor competence and physical activity of boys in middle and end childhood. Research is a correlation type. 204 students (mean age 9.9 and standard deviation of 1/05) from the four Tehran schools participated in this study. The motor competence was measured using the Bruninks-Oseretsky-based product-oriented (BOT-2), perceived motor competence, and physical activity, using the PSDQ and the physical activity questionnaire for older children (PAQC), respectively. The 600 yard running / walking test was used to measure cardiovascular endurance. Pearson's test results showed a moderate to weak relationship between all variables. Also, the results of regression path analysis indicated that perceived motor competence, not cardiovascular fitness, mediates the relationship between real motor competence and physical activity. Educational and practice strategies should target the development of fundament motor skills and perceived motor competence to increase the participation of male students in the physical activity.
Dr Bijan Rajaeian, Dr Rasoul Yaali, Mrs Sara Oftadeh, Ali Shah Hoseini, Shabnam Rezvan Nobahar,
Volume 11, Issue 22 (12-2021)
Abstract
Researchers have shown that visual motor skills can be improved by practicing visual skills for optimal motor performance during sport. The aim of this research was to study the effect of 6 visual training on vision functions skilled players in Badminton sport. The participants of this research were skilled badminton players from Esfahan province. 60 persons (range of age: of 25-30) were divided into two group: experimental group and control group randomly. After the presence of the two groups in pre-test, the experimental group participated in visual training and control group in watching badminton match movie, both for six weeks and three sessions per week and in the last session, both groups participated in post-test. These tests included close-far chart test (hart chart), two rows Saccades test, and test of bringing closes a pencil (prism test), coordination of eye-hand test, and the time of vision reaction test. The data was analyzed by ANCOVA analyses test (p≤0.05).The results indicated that in some visual function (included Visual reaction time, Tracking and Visual concentration in experimental group was better than control group.
Dr Shahram Nazari, Mr Mohammad Reza Soleymanzadeh, Mr Peyman Honarmand,
Volume 11, Issue 22 (12-2021)
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of sport vision training on vision perception and decision making of handball referees. In this semi-experimental study, 30 handball referees were Participated among all the referees working in the Iranian Handball Premier League, then the selected referees divided into 2 sport vision training and control groups, randomly. The study included pre-test and post-test phases. Subsequently, participants completed Frastig vision perception test and made decisions after watching 30 prepared clips in pre-test phase. Afterwards, participants completed performing 8 weeks of determined sport vision training, each week included 3 sessions and each session lasted 45 minutes. Henceforth, the participants re-performed Frastig vision perception test and repeated decision making process after watching 30 determined clips. Finally, the collected data were analyzed by paired sample t-test and covariate statistical methods. The results indicated that sport vision training and decision making training significantly affected vision perception and decision making of handball referees. Therefore, the results suggest the utilization of vision perception and decision making training as an effective method in order to improve decision making and vision perception.
Dr Hajar Jahadian Sarvestani,
Volume 11, Issue 22 (12-2021)
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the Modeling dynamic factors affecting fine motor development milestone of 9- 12 month old infants. The study was a descriptive- survey, that considering the type and aims of the research was considered as an applied research. To this end 283 infants were screened in regard with age and stage questionnaire. The applied measures were preparation of the home environment for the infant motor development, the parental postpartum attachment scale, Beak habitual physical activity questionnaire and General health questionnaire. Factors affecting motor activities were grouped into three sections including Individual, Environmental and Mother Factors. The related data were analyzed by independent T, MANOA, step by step regression and structural equation. The results of structural equation indicated that individual factors (0.99) has the most important effect on anticipation fine motor development (sleep position and season of birth were associated with fine motor development), after that environmental factor (-0.28) and finally mother factor (-0.09) has effects on anticipation fine milestone in 9-12 month old infants, Results of the regression showed that considering individual factors, motivation is significant and in regard with environmental factors, affordance is significant in anticipation of fine motor development milestone in 9-12 month old infants. Results of the present study were concentrated on Branfen bernner model.
Mrs Sara Soltanifar, Ph.d Rasool Abedanzadeh, Ph.d Esmaeel Saemi,
Volume 11, Issue 22 (12-2021)
Abstract
People face breaks in their daily tasks that effect on their daily life. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of different break activities on eye-hand coordination in female students. In the current experimental study conducted with repeated measures design, 36 high school female students with age range 13-15 years old were conveniently selected. In order to evaluate participant's mental activities prior, the main task, daily distraction of them was assessed using a mind wandering questionnaire and visual analogue scale and measuring eye-hand coordination was done by mirror tracking task. Data were analyzed by SPSS software at significant level P≤0/05. The results showed there was significant difference in eye-hand coordination task after break activities (P<0/05). Pairwise comparisons showed a significant difference in the mirror tracking task performance after music-open eye rest and music-active video game break which showed eye-hand coordination after music was better than other breaks. Present findings show that different breaks have different effect on eye-hand coordination performance in female students and listen to music is the best break activity for them on this task.
Dr Laleh Hamboushi, Dr Elaheh Arabameri, Dr Mehdi Shahbazi, Dr Rasoul Zeidabady,
Volume 12, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of motor dependent/independent visual perception training on visual-motor integration and fine motor skills of 7-8 year old children .For this purpose, 107, 1st grade primary school students in Sabzevar were selected through purposive sampling (with equal economical and cultural status , optimum mental and physical health and full sight with or without wearing glasses) and randomly divided into two experimental (no=32)and a control group (no=43). After attending a pre-test session, one of the experimental groups was trained in movement dependent visual-perception tasks while the other group performed movement independent visual-perception tasks. Both groups performed their tasks for three sessions, 45-minute per week and for six consecutive weeks. Shapiro-Wilk and Levin test results confirmed the normality and homogenity of data and ANCOVA showed that both training programs significantly improved visual-motor integration and fine motor skills of 7 to 8 years old children. However, Bonferroni test indicated that there were no significant differences between the movement dependent and independent training programs. The data analysis was performed by using SPSS 19.0. The results of this study confirmed the purposed "movement" hypothesis stating that the significant contributor to the development of perception and perceptual-motor components is not the active or passive movements of the individual, but rather it is the attention of the person to the visual stimuli within the environment.
Zeinab Khodaverdi, Dr Abbas Bahram, Dr Hassan Khalaji, Dr Anoshirvan Kazemnejad, Dr Farhad Ghadiri,
Volume 12, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
This study aimed to address agreement level of performances on 3 selected motor skill assessment tools in a sample of Iranian first to fourth graders aged 7-10 year olds. The convenience sample included 164 healthy girls from public schools. A Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated on the association between MABC-2, KTK and TGMD-3 performances in graders. A one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to compare performances means across grade levels. Low-to-moderate correlations were found between assessments across age in each assessment. In general, girls demonstrated higher scores across age cohorts. In conclusion, low-to-moderate associations among assessments instruments provide different pictures/levels of motor competency and should not be used interchangeably in studies.
Seyedeh Masoumeh Mousavi, Dr Zahra Pouraghaei, Dr Mohammadali Aslankhani,
Volume 12, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
Introduction & Objective: Technical and tactical performance analysis of athletes is always considered to improve their performance and other athletes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the technical and tactical performance profile of elite karate players in different weight groups. Tools and Methods: In this descriptive study, the functional profile of the winning and losing karate players in the league was evaluated. Data were collected using Kinovea software. Excel software was used for data analysis. The studied variables were attack tactics, counterattack, upper and lower limbs techniques and combined techniques. Results: The frequency of attacks was close at different weights. But the winners’ attacks were more effective. The use of single-handed techniques was more common. The winners gained the most from single-handed techniques. Of the total leg kicks by the winners, 10 percent resulted in points. Conclusion: According to the findings, there is a need for specific training programs for single hand techniques and counterattack tactics in further training. Simulating different periods in competition and working on specific tactics will help develop karate athletes.
Dr Mozhgan Memarmoghaddam, Dr Masoumeh Ali Asghari Toyeh, Mrs Mitra Mohammadi,
Volume 12, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of focusing attention on quiet eye behavior and accuracy of execution on dart throwing skills. For this purpose, 20 male students in dart beginner (age range 19-22 years old) were voluntarily selected. All participants performed external and internal attention instructions in a counterbalanced manner. Thus, Participants first made 10 attempts at baseline (without attentive instructions). Then performed a total of 20 training attempts as counterbalance in both external and internal attention strategies. In all trials, visual system information was recorded using an eye tracking device and the radial error formula was used to measure accuracy. Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA (P=0.05). The results showed that the accuracy of throwing was significantly improved in external attention condition compared to baseline and internal conditions (P=0.001). The results also indicate that the quiet eye period was longer in the external focus condition than in the inner attention condition (P=0.001). According to the results of this study, it can be assumed that quiet eye duration is one of the essential mechanisms in execution accuracy of targeting skill in beginners, and that focusing attention in addition to execution accuracy is also effective on quiet eye duration.
Ali Abbaszadeh, Abdolah Ghasemi, Dr Ali Heirani, Dr Mahshid Zare Zadeh,
Volume 12, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
Abstract
Birth weight is one of the most important indicators of neonatal health in any society and is considered as the best tool to measure the outcome of pregnancy and the most important factor in determining the incidence of disease or death of the infant. The purpose of this study was to investigating relationship between visual impairments and motor problems in children 3-6 age with very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight. The participants of this study were 88 children, 54 children with very low birth weight and 34 children with extremely low birth weight who were selected as available. The MABC-2 test were used evaluated motor performances and visual functions such as visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, Stereo acuity, Strabismus, nystagmus, Accommodation, convergence and visual perception measuring by a pediatric ophthalmologist. Pearson correlation coefficient test with bootstrap confidence intervals was used to examine the relationship between each of the visual measurements and motor function. Also, a two-string point coefficient was used to determine the relationship between motor function and eye deviation and nystagmus. The results showed that the rate of visual and motor disorders in the two groups of preterm children was high compared to the healthy population, but there was no significant relationship between visual deficits and movement problems in the two groups of preterm children. This means that vision impairment does not lead to motor problems in preterm children.
Fatemeh Sabzevari Shahreza, Dr Shahab Parvinpour, Dr Mahdi Namazizadeh,
Volume 12, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of teaching games for understanding approach (TGfU) on aerobic endurance, enhancing motor performance and promoting physical activity. To this end, the ten-year-old (mean age=10.2 years, SD 0.7) students in two fourth-grade classes at a school in Sirjan were randomly divided into control and experimental group (N= 22 for each group). First, all participants were given Canadian Agility and Movement Skills Assessment (CAMSA) and Pacer test were taken and their level of physical activity was measured and recorded with a pedometer. The students in the experimental group participated in an intervention program for 36 sessions each for 45 minutes. The participants in the control group followed the usual program. Finally in the end of the intervention, the-second-time- performed tests were given to both groups. Mann-Whitney U test and “Poisson regression analysis” by using GEE method" was used to data analyze. Finally, the same tests were performed after intervention program for both groups. Results indicated that, this approach can play a significant role on agility and movement skills and level of physical activity, while no significant difference was observed on aerobic endurance. The results support the hypothesis that the use of TGfU approach can be effective in facilitating the development of motor performance and improving the level of physical activity among children.
Mrs Leyla Choopan Nezhad, Dr Rasoul Yaali, Dr Ahmad Reza Movahedi,
Volume 12, Issue 24 (12-2022)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dominant and non-dominant mental practice on Badminton's backhand short service. A total of 20 girls aged 12-14 years old from the city of Goldasht were selected and purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups. Both training groups trained in 30 sessions, in which 50 performance were made to visualize the skill of the service mentally. In order to compare the two groups, the mixed ANOVA and Bonferron's post hoc test were used. Comparing the between-group, the results showed that mental practice with dominant hands was not significant in dynamic environment and interactive exercise, but subjective exercise was significantly (P <0.05). No significant results were obtained in the within group comparison, but given the low effectiveness, it seems that the difference between the two groups is very close to meaning. Research findings suggest that coaches and teachers of interactive practice can benefit from less-than-lateral mental practice to improve the performance of their athletes in training sessions.
Dr Ayoub Asadi, Dr Mahmood Sheikh, Dr Davood Hoomanian, Dr Saleh Rafiee,
Volume 12, Issue 24 (12-2022)
Abstract
It has been shown in various researches that the focus of attention and quiet eye duration (QED) are effective variables on the performance of targeting tasks. However, the impact of these variables on motor skills in children needs more research; Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different attentional focus instruction on QED and accuracy of children's darts throwing. Participants such as twelve right handed children (age: M=8.83, SD=0.79) without dart throwing experience participated in the study; while their eyes movements were recorded by an eye tracker system, participants performed 18 dart throws (6 blocks of 3 trials) under three different attentional conditions: 1) an external focus, 2) an internal focus, and 3) control conditions. The result showed that effect of focus of attention was significant neither for accuracy nor for QED. Therefore, in order to be aware of the optimal focus of children, more research is needed in various motor tasks.
Dr Amir Ghiamirad, Mr Vahid Hassanpour,
Volume 12, Issue 24 (12-2022)
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive-motor exercises on pain, range of motion, and quality of life in elderly female patients with knee arthritis. In this quasi-experimental study, 30 elderly female patients referred to the physical medicine ward of Tabriz International Hospital were selected via a convenience sampling method and randomly divided into experimental (n = 16) and control (n = 14) groups. Patients in the experimental group performed cognitive-motor exercises for eight weeks, three sessions per week, and each session for 45-60 minutes. Range of motion of the knee joint were used to measure pain and quality of life via electro goniometer and the KOOS questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using combined analysis of variance test at the significance level of 0.05 in SPSS18 software. The research results showed that after cognitive-motor exercises, the amount of pain (P = 0.001), range of motion (P = 0.001), and quality of life (P = 0.001) improved significantly. As the findings indicated, it seems that cognitive-motor exercises can be used as a useful method for the rehabilitation of elderly women with knee osteoarthritis.
Fatima Rabiei, Dr. Hamdi Salehi,
Volume 12, Issue 24 (12-2022)
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the differences between novice and skilled baseball players to anticipate the type of ball being pitched and to specify the players’ dependence on distributed or local kinematic spatial cues. Male baseball players (N= 15; Mage: 27.73 ± 6.28 years; baseball experience: 7.90 ± 5.69 years) and novices (N= 15; Mage: 23.10 ± 5.68 years; no playing experience in baseball) were asked to anticipate the type of pitch (i.e., fastball vs. curveball) using a spatial occlusion paradigm. Both groups viewed recorded video simulations of spatially manipulated pitches in which nine specific parts of the pitcher’s body or the ball were either omitted or showed separately. The data was analyzed by a 2 (Skill level) × 9 (Display Condition) mixed-design analysis of variance. The results revealed that skilled baseball players outperformed novices in the occlusion conditions. Furthermore, the results revealed that skilled baseball players used throwing arm and ball as well as upper body kinematic cues for their correct anticipations. The results are in line with previous findings on perceptual-cognitive expertise and decision-making in interactive sports and indicate skilled baseball players are able to obtain information distributed globally within the pitcher's body, rather than reliance on specific isolated or local kinematic cues.
Dr Mahrokh Dehghani,
Volume 12, Issue 24 (12-2022)
Abstract
Nonlinear methods in physical education is a new idea that covers all the disadvantages of the traditional method and is effective for learning and implementation based on the results of studies compared to the linear method. However, it is not clear how much this method is used by trainers in Iran. This study sought to determine what kind of method (linear / non-linear) instructors use for training. Therefore, 15 expert trainers were selected by available method and interviewed by semi-structured method. The study and determination of linear or non-linear methods was based on the differences between linear and non-linear methods and the results showed based on the interview of trainers and taking into account the target categories, repetition, pattern, description, variability, feedback and instructions. The educators studied in this study use the linear method in education. The results of this study show that the university environment and practice in the field of education are separate and emphasizes that specialists in nonlinear methods should raise the awareness of sports coaches by holding training workshops and increasing knowledge. Also, the use of physical education graduates in the field of coaching and as teachers of federations may be helpful in this regard.
Mr Behzad Mohamadi Orangi, Dr Farhad Ghadiri, Dr Mohammad Taghi Aghdasi,
Volume 13, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
The impact of IQ on academic achievement has been confirmed, but its effect on the effectiveness of motion interventions is unknown. The present study examines the effects of Indigenous- Local play on the Motor proficiency of children with high and low IQ. Therefore, using Raven's Inventory, among 13-13 year-old children in Tehran, 15 high-intelligence children and 15 low-intelligence children were selected and trained in Indigenous- Local play for eight weeks. Bruninx-Oseretsky test was used before and after the exercise to assess the Motor proficiency. The results showed that although both groups benefited from the intervention, the impact of intervention on children with high IQ was higher. The results of this study, with the emphasis on the use of indigenous-local play in schools for motor development, also recommends that sports talent specialists use intelligence as an indicator of talent identification.
Mr Hamed Osouli, Dr Mehdi Shahbazi, Dr Elaheh Arabameri,
Volume 13, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
A few studies have examined the interactive self-control effect on the type of self-modeling feedback. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of providing different strategies of self-control feedback through self-modeling on learning of Lay-up shot basketball skill. For this purpose, 60 right-handed 11-13 years old male beginner students were selected through available sampling. Then they were divided into 4 groups randomly. One of the groups between the blocks and the other group before training session defined to get the type of self-modeling feedback (best performance or overall performance in Lay-up shot basketball skill). For each of these groups, the yoked group was selected. The training program was conducted for 6 sessions for two weeks. Pretest, retention and transfer test were made in 12 attempts. Results showed significant effect between pretest with retention and transfer tests scores. Also, there was significant difference between the self-control feedback before sessions and the self-control feedback between the blocks groups and their yoked group in the retention and transfer tests (P≤001), While between the yoked groups did not had any significant difference. These results indicate the greater effect of self-control feedback during sessions, which emphasizes the greater autonomy of learners as one of the psychological needs for learning optimization.
Ms Zahra Abdolmaleki, Dr Abbas Bahram, Dr Alireza Farsi, Dr Mozhgan Khademi,
Volume 13, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Quiet eye training on gaze behavior in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) of forehand skill in table tennis. Method, In order to, thirty children aged 12-7 years old were selected from ADHD children at Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Protocol of the training were performed in 16 sessions and follow up test after six of inactivity. Learning was investigated in the form of change in gaze behaviors such as onset, offset, duration of quiet eye and frequency gaze. The results of the research indicated that the decrease in frequency gaze and onset quiet eye and increase offset and duration of quiet eye in ADHD children. However, there was a significant difference between the two groups of experimental and control groups in frequency gaze. Offset and duration of quiet eye in children who have advanced progression from pre-test to post-test will be more stable over time. Conclusion, the present study confirms that the use of quiet eye training as a perceptual-motor training protocol can be effective for ADHD children by changing the visual perception pattern. It is suggested that a quiet eye training be used as a learning tool for ADHD children.
Dr Mahdi Nabavinik, Dr Hamidreza Taheri, Dr Alireza Saberi Kakhki, Dr Hamidreza Saberi Kakhki,
Volume 13, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
Massive amount of practice over many years raise the question that handling class of action by generalized motor program may modify over years. The purpose of the present study is to provide evidences to investigate this hypothesis by examining the pattern of co-activation and agonist to antagonist activity ratio. Seven experienced darts players were asked to execute from standard dart distance (fourth distance) and six other farther and nearer distances, making 252 throws. Relatively, the results showed that at least in five from the seven samples, there was a significant difference in muscle co-activation between fourth and six other distances. These findings do not support the existence of a generalized motor program at fourth distance so that performance of elite players met limited generalizability
