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This research aims to determination effect of changing coach on team’s performance in the Iran’s Football Pro-League during season. The method applied in this research is causal-comparative. The participants in this research were all the 54 teams in Iran’s pro league during three seasons (2008-09, 2009-10, 2010-11) and 30 teams which changed coaches were chosen as a sample. Variance analysis results showed that changing coach had no effect on team’s performance in none of 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 16, 18, 20 games before and after changing coach (p<0.05). Changing coach in short term had a few effect, and had no effect in long term on team performance (p<0.05). It seems that changing coach is not the only option to improve team’s performance. Other elements like player’s motivation, on time salary reception, rewards, player’s quality, referee’s quality and etc. can affect team’s performance.

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The present study aimed to examine the differences and similarities between men and women in the factors shaping identity with Iranian football clubs, based on the psychological continuum model. To this end, 31 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with two groups of Iranian male and female football fans, analyzed through content analysis grounded in the psychological continuum model. Data analysis was carried out through three stages of coding—open codes, categories, and themes—until distinct and meaningful themes emerged. The findings indicated that, according to the psychological continuum model, men and women differ in the three stages of awareness, attachment, and loyalty, whereas their similarities were most evident in the attraction stage. Despite some commonalities in identity formation between male and female fans, the study found that women’s fandom discourse in Iran has yet to be recognized as a professional and legitimate phenomenon. The greater emphasis by women on the awareness stage suggests that their knowledge of football and their favorite team is still in the process of formation.