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Miss Firishtah Aghajani, Dr Vajiheh Javani,
Volume 11, Issue 22 (12-2021)
Abstract

The outbreak of the corona virus has had a significant impact on the economic situation of sport, and professional football has not been immune to these effects. This article discusses the main effects of this crisis on professional football. To conduct this research, 32 research articles published in 2020 in the list of authoritative publications of the Ministry of Science and Google Scholar database related to the research topic were reviewed. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The results of this analysis indicate 13 categories of effects of this virus in football. These effects were collected in two main categories. The first category includes the negative effects of corona on football, including the effects of corona on players, referees, the right to television broadcasting of clubs and football clubs, and the importance of fans and the impact of empty stadiums on club economies and corona financial losses on football. The next category is the positive effects of the corona virus in football, which also includes the readiness of the clubs, the positive effects of the corona virus on the referees, the environment, the low probability of harm to spectators, innovation, increasing solidarity and entrepreneurship. The study also briefly discusses the effects of the Corona virus on Iranian football.

Hasan Alikhani, Samira Naziri Nilash, Asiye Mirza Aghajani, Narjes Sayari,
Volume 15, Issue 30 (12-2025)
Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of perceptual–motor training programs on Stroop performance and the enhancement of theory of mind among 8–12-year-old girls in Rasht city. This study aimed to investigate the effect of perceptual–motor training programs on Stroop performance and the enhancement of theory of mind among 8–12-year-old girls in Rasht city. 
methods: This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest–posttest design with a control group. Participants were 24 children (mean age = 10.5 ± 1.2 years) selected through convenience sampling and then randomly assigned to equal experimental and control groups (n = 12 each). The intervention program lasted eight weeks, comprising 16 sessions of 45 minutes each, and included exercises targeting balance, spatial awareness, temporal awareness, body awareness, and orientation. Stroop performance was assessed using the computerized Stroop test, while theory of mind was evaluated using the 38-item Steerneman Scale. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests in SPSS version 23, with the significance level set at p < 0.05.
Results: The results showed that the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements than the control group in emotion recognition and pretence (p = 0.023), understanding of false belief (p = 0.011), comprehension of humor and second-order false belief (p = 0.048), and Stroop reaction time (p = 0.015). 

Conclusion: According to the findings, perceptual–motor training can effectively improve Stroop task performance and theory of mind in children.
 
 


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