Volume 12, Issue 23 (9-2022)
JRSM 2022, 12(23): 188-214 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Ramezaninejad R, Nazari S, Besharatimoghadam M, Ziya M J. Pathology of the Consequences of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Physical Education in Schools: Representing Challenges and Providing Effective Strategies. JRSM 2022; 12 (23) :188-214
URL: http://jrsm.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3105-en.html
URL: http://jrsm.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3105-en.html
1- University of Guilan
2- University of Guilan ,besharatimoghadammaryam66@gmail.com
2- University of Guilan ,
Abstract: (4901 Views)
The purpose of this research is the pathology of Covid-19 consequences on PE in schools with representing the challenges based on other countries` educational programs and experience. Using the library study method, 100 articles were analyzed and the research data was classified into two forms of challenges and strategies. Findings showed that challenges have appeared including online education challenge (students, parents, and teachers), psychological and social challenge, formation of a new generation of PE students, change of the nature of PE class, challenge of the students with special needs, economic challenge, and school closure. In the second part, effective strategies such as providing counseling programs to solve online education problems, specific educational strategies, professional development for PE teachers, the role of family, parents, principals and school staff, psychological solutions, reducing incompatibility and instability of interpersonal relationships, maintaining the empirical nature and dynamism of PE class, and physical activity strategy after the reopening of schools have been introduced. Finally, the government and educational institutions alongside families can take effective steps, according to the contingent educational conditions, to improve and innovate PE programs in the country's schools, especially during Corona, while reducing the negative effects of Corona outbreak and using existing capacities.
Keywords: Educational Challenges, Covid-19, School Closure, Online Education, Nature of Physical Education Class
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
sport management
Received: 2021/02/21 | Accepted: 2021/06/13 | ePublished ahead of print: 2021/06/13 | Published: 2022/09/1
Received: 2021/02/21 | Accepted: 2021/06/13 | ePublished ahead of print: 2021/06/13 | Published: 2022/09/1
References
1. 1. Viner RM, Russell SJ, Croker H, Packer J, Ward J, Stansfield C, Mytton O, Bonell C, Booy R. School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 2020 May 1;4(5):397-404. [DOI:10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30095-X]
2. Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. Caring for children: Tips to keep children healthy while school's out. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/corona virus/2019-ncov/prepare/children.html. 2020a.
3. Sajed AN, Amgain K. Corona virus disease (COVID-19) outbreak and the strategy for prevention. Europasian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2020 Mar 29;2(1):1-3. [DOI:10.46405/ejms.v2i1.38]
4. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. UNESCO. "Anticipated Impact of COVID-19 on Public Expenditures on Education and Implication for UNESCO Work." In UNESCO COVID-19 Education Response: Education Sector Issue Notes. 7.2 [17]. UNESCO: Paris. 1-6. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373276. 2020a.
5. Van Lancker W, Parolin Z. COVID-19, school closures, and child poverty: a social crisis in the making. The Lancet Public Health. 2020 May 1;5(5): e243-4. [DOI:10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30084-0]
6. Huang RH, Liu DJ, Tlili A, Yang JF, Wang HH. Handbook on facilitating flexible learning during educational disruption: The Chinese experience in maintaining undisrupted learning in COVID-19 Outbreak. Beijing: Smart Learning Institute of Beijing Normal University. 2020 Mar.
7. Zhang W, Wang Y, Yang L, Wang C. Suspending classes without stopping learning: China's education emergency management policy in the COVID-19 outbreak.
8. Crawford J, Butler-Henderson K, Rudolph J, Malkawi B, Glowatz M, Burton R, Magni P, Lam S. COVID-19: 20 countries' higher education intra-period digital pedagogy responses. Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching. 2020;3(1):1-20. [DOI:10.37074/jalt.2020.3.1.7]
9. Evans AB, Blackwell J, Dolan P, Fahlén J, Hoekman R, Lenneis V, McNarry G, Smith M, Wilcock L. Sport in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic: towards an agenda for research in the sociology of sport.
10. Halabchi F, Ahmadinejad Z, Selk-Ghaffari M. COVID-19 epidemic: exercise or not to exercise; that is the question. Asian J Sports Med. 2020 Mar 1;11(1): e102630. [DOI:10.5812/asjsm.102630]
11. Norouzi Seyed Hossini, R. Understanding Lived Experience of Iranian Professional Athletes from COVID-19 Pandemic (A Phenomenological Approach). Sport Management Studies. 2020. 12 (61):217-240. (in Persian) [DOI:10.32598/sija.16.1.3000.1]
12. Goldschmidt K. The COVID-19 pandemic: Technology use to support the wellbeing of children. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2020 Jul 1. [DOI:10.1016/j.pedn.2020.04.013]
13. Murphy MP. COVID-19 and emergency eLearning: Consequences of the securitization of higher education for post-pandemic pedagogy. Contemporary Security Policy. 2020 Jul 2;41(3):492-505. [DOI:10.1080/13523260.2020.1761749]
14. Aliyyah RR, Rachmadtullah R, Samsudin A, Syaodih E, Nurtanto M, Tambunan AR. The perceptions of primary school teachers of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic period: A case study in Indonesia. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies. 2020 Aug 1;7(2):90-109. [DOI:10.29333/ejecs/388]
15. Basilaia G, Kvavadze D. Transition to online education in schools during a SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Georgia. Pedagogical Research. 2020;5(4). [DOI:10.29333/pr/7937]
16. Mercier K, Centeio E, Garn A, Erwin H, Marttinen R, Foley J. Physical Education Teachers' Experiences With Remote Instruction During the Initial Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education. 2021 Mar 18;40(2):337-42. [DOI:10.1123/jtpe.2020-0272]
17. Yu J, Jee Y. Analysis of Online Classes in Physical Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Education Sciences. 2021 Jan;11(1):3. [DOI:10.3390/educsci11010003]
18. Daum DN, Goad T, Killian CM, Schoenfeld A. How Do We Do This? Distance Learning in Physical Education-Part 1. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance. 2021 May 4;92(4):5-10. [DOI:10.1080/07303084.2021.1886836]
19. Burgess S, Sievertsen HH. Schools, skills, and learning: The impact of COVID-19 on education.
20. Brown N, Te Riele K, Shelley B, Woodroffe J. Learning at home during COVID-19: Effects on vulnerable young Australians. Peter Underwood Centre for Educational Attainment. 2020 Apr.
21. Goad T, Jones E. Training online physical educators: A phenomenological case study. Education Research International. 2017 Jan 1;2017. [DOI:10.1155/2017/3757489]
22. Quennerstedt M. Physical education and the art of teaching: Transformative learning and teaching in physical education and sports pedagogy. Sport, Education and Society. 2019 May 22. [DOI:10.1080/13573322.2019.1574731]
23. O'Brien W, Adamakis M, O'Brien N, Onofre M, Martins J, Dania A, Makopoulou K, Herold F, Ng K, Costa J. Implications for european physical education teacher education during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-institutional SWOT analysis. European Journal of Teacher Education. 2020 Aug 7;43(4):503-22. [DOI:10.1080/02619768.2020.1823963]
24. Bork RJ, Rucks-Ahidiana Z. Role ambiguity in online courses: An analysis of student and instructor expectations.
25. Eisenberger NI. The pain of social disconnection: examining the shared neural underpinnings of physical and social pain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2012 Jun;13(6):421-34. [DOI:10.1038/nrn3231]
26. Palgi Y, Shrira A, Ring L, Bodner E, Avidor S, Bergman Y, Cohen-Fridel S, Keisari S, Hoffman Y. The loneliness pandemic: Loneliness and other concomitants of depression, anxiety and their comorbidity during the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of affective disorders. 2020 Oct 1. [DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.036]
27. Heinrich LM, Gullone E. The clinical significance of loneliness: A literature review. Clinical psychology review. 2006 Oct 1;26(6):695-718. [DOI:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.04.002]
28. Philippe RA, Schiavio A, Biasutti M. Adaptation and destabilization of interpersonal relationships in sport and music during the Covid-19 lockdown. Heliyon. 2020 Oct 1;6(10): e05212. [DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05212]
29. Williams LM. A case study of virtual physical education teachers' experiences in and perspectives of online teaching. 2013.
30. Hew KF. Promoting engagement in online courses: What strategies can we learn from three highly rated MOOCS. British Journal of Educational Technology. 2016 Mar;47(2):320-41. [DOI:10.1111/bjet.12235]
31. Öhman M, Quennerstedt A. Questioning the no-touch discourse in physical education from a children's rights perspective. Sport, education and society. 2017 Apr 3;22(3):305-20. [DOI:10.1080/13573322.2015.1030384]
32. Deleuze G, Guattari F. A thousand plateaus: Capitalism and schizophrenia, trans. Brian Massumi. 1987. (London: Continuum, 2004). 1987;322.
33. Landi D. Queer men, affect, and physical education. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health. 2019 Mar 15;11(2):168-87. [DOI:10.1080/2159676X.2018.1504230]
34. Varea V, González-Calvo G. Touchless classes and absent bodies: teaching physical education in times of Covid-19. Sport, Education and Society. 2020 Jul 9:1-5. [DOI:10.1080/13573322.2020.1791814]
35. Lee J. Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 2020 Jun 1;4(6):421. [DOI:10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30109-7]
36. Jiao WY, Wang LN, Liu J, Fang SF, Jiao FY, Pettoello-Mantovani M, Somekh E. Behavioral and emotional disorders in children during the COVID-19 epidemic. The journal of Pediatrics. 2020 Jun; 221:264. [DOI:10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.013]
37. Liu JJ, Bao Y, Huang X, Shi J, Lu L. Mental health considerations for children quarantined because of COVID-19. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 2020 May 1;4(5):347-9. [DOI:10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30096-1]
38. Masonbrink AR, Hurley E. Advocating for children during the COVID-19 school closures. Pediatrics. 2020 Sep 1;146(3). [DOI:10.1542/peds.2020-1440]
39. CDC. Data and statistics on children's mental health | CDC. Centers Dis. Control Prevent. https://www.cdc.gov/childrensmentalhealth/data.html. 2019.
40. Dalton L, Rapa E, Stein A. Protecting the psychological health of children through effective communication about COVID-19. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 2020 May 1;4(5):346-7. [DOI:10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30097-3]
41. Rosenthal DM, Ucci M, Heys M, Hayward A, Lakhanpaul M. Impacts of COVID-19 on vulnerable children in temporary accommodation in the UK. The Lancet Public Health. 2020 May 1;5(5):e241-2. [DOI:10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30080-3]
42. Petito A, Pop TL, Namazova-Baranova L, Mestrovic J, Nigri L, Vural M, Sacco M, Giardino I, Ferrara P, Pettoello-Mantovani M. The burden of depression in adolescents and the importance of early recognition. The Journal of pediatrics. 2020 Mar 1;218:265-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.12.003]
43. Solantaus T, Leinonen J, Punamäki RL. Children's mental health in times of economic recession: replication and extension of the family economic stress model in Finland. Developmental psychology. 2004 May;40(3):412. [DOI:10.1037/0012-1649.40.3.412]
44. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. UNESCO. COVID-19 Impact on Education. https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse. 2020b.
45. Pragholapati A. COVID-19 impact on students. 2020. [DOI:10.35542/osf.io/895ed]
46. Zainudin ZN, Yusop YM. Client's Satisfaction in Face-To-Face Counseling and Cybercounseling Approaches: A Comparison. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 2018;8(3):677-84. [DOI:10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i3/3992]
47. Dick, W. A model for the systematic design of instruction. Instructional Design: International Perspectives I: Volume I: Theory, Research, and Models: Volume Ii: Solving Instructional Design Problems, 361. 2013.
48. Abdo M, Semela T. Teachers of Poor Communities: The Tale of Instructional Media Use in Primary Schools of" Gedeo" Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Australian Journal of Teacher Education. 2010 Nov;35(7):78-92. [DOI:10.14221/ajte.2010v35n7.7]
49. Cao, Y., Lin, C.-Y., & Wang, B. Question and answer search. U.S. Patent Application 12/403,506, filed September 16, 2010.
50. Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. Springboard to Active Schools - Considerations for classroom physical. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/bam/pe_pa.htm. 2020b.
51. Schofield G, Beek M, Ward E, Biggart L. Professional foster carer and committed parent: role conflict and role enrichment at the interface between work and family in long‐term foster care. Child & Family Social Work. 2013 Feb;18(1):46-56. [DOI:10.1111/cfs.12034]
52. American Academy of Pediatrics [AAP]. Information for caregivers: Getting children outside while social distancing for COVID-19. Retrieved from https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Pages/Getting-Children-Outside.aspx. 2020a.
53. Lemay DJ, Doleck T. Online Learning Communities in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Social Learning Network Analysis of Twitter during the Shutdown. International Journal of Learning Analytics and Artificial Intelligence for Education (IJAI). 2020;2(1):85. [DOI:10.3991/ijai.v2i1.15427]
54. Sikirit, D. Learning from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/coronavirus/stories/learning-home-during-covid-19-pandemic. 2020.
55. Strunc AR. Are They Listening? Policymakers and Their Role in Public Education. Research in Educational Policy and Management. 2020 Jun 2;2(1):i-ii. [DOI:10.46303/repam.02.01.ed]
56. Hennessy S, Ruthven K, Brindley SU. Teacher perspectives on integrating ICT into subject teaching: commitment, constraints, caution, and change. Journal of curriculum studies. 2005 Jan 1;37(2):155-92. [DOI:10.1080/0022027032000276961]
57. Whitaker T, Whitaker B, Lumpa D. Motivating & inspiring teachers: The educational leader's guide for building staff morale. Routledge; 2013 Dec 17. [DOI:10.4324/9781315856445]
58. Vlachopoulos D. Covid-19: Threat or opportunity for online education? Higher Learning Research Communication, 10 (1), 16-19. [DOI:10.18870/hlrc.v10i1.1179]
59. Statistics S. American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. 2020. URL: https://afsp. org/suicide-statistics/[accessed 2020-06-24]. 2020.
60. Habe K, Biasutti M, Kajtna T. Flow and satisfaction with life in elite musicians and top athletes. Frontiers in psychology. 2019 Mar 29;10:698. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00698]
61. Ordonhes MT, Hercules ED, Cavichiolli FR. Using distance learning as a strategy for maintaining income of Physical Education professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Education and Information Technologies. 2021 Apr 29:1-2. [DOI:10.1007/s10639-021-10545-9]
62. Raiola G, Di Domenico F. Physical and sports activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2021 Feb 1;21:477-82.
63. Ammar A, Trabelsi K, Brach M, Chtourou H, Boukhris O, Masmoudi L, Bouaziz B, Bentlage E, How D, Ahmed M, Mueller P. Effects of home confinement on mental health and lifestyle behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak: insights from the ECLB-COVID19 multicentre study. Biology of sport. 2021 Mar;38(1):9. [DOI:10.5114/biolsport.2020.96857]
64. Schembri R, Coppola R, Tortella P, Lipoma M. Reflections that know of" new normal": the complex role of physical educators during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2021 Feb 1;21:714-8.
65. Mercier K, Centeio E, Garn A, Erwin H, Marttinen R, Foley J. Physical Education Teachers' Experiences With Remote Instruction During the Initial Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education. 2021 Mar 18;40(2):337-42. [DOI:10.1123/jtpe.2020-0272]
66. Abdollah, M., zareian, H., gholami torkesaluye, S., boveiri shemi, R. impact of social media and the price image presented on them on the intention of customers to buy sportswear during the Corona pandemic. Sport Management Studies, 2021; (Forthcoming): -. doi: 10.22089/smrj.2021.9942.3290. (in Persian)
67. Kashani, S., keshtidar, M., Heydari, R., esfahani, M., Tabatabai, F. Identification and analysis the factors affecting the virtual education of the general physical education course of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during the corona virus. Research on Educational Sport, 2021; (Forthcoming): -. doi: 10.22089/res.2021.9312.1940. (in Persian)
68. jaberi, A., Mazloomi Soveini, F. 'Identifying the Opportunities Arising from the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sport context: A Thematic Analysis', Sport Management Studies, 2021؛ (Forthcoming): -. doi: 10.22089/smrj.2021.9570.3227. (in Persian)
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
