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Showing 4 results for Derrida
Farzad Baloo, Habibollah Abbasi,
Volume 18, Issue 68 (7-2010)
Abstract
According to Ferdinand de Sossur- the well-known linguist- the philosophical-intelectual tradition of the west from Plato and Aristotle’s age, and even before them, up to the 20th century has been influenced by a polarity approach that preferred speech to writing. Accordingly, the complete transfer of meaning was considered to be possible through speech, Meanwhile, writing was considered as a branch and a substitute for speech. A brief look at Islamic Iranian history and culture may indicate that despite the differences in the basics and methods, we find a clear preference for speech in the discourse of thoughts of the classcal languge and literature. More specifically, Nasser khosroo established and organized the important theoreical principles so that the dominant mechanism of speech prevailed in the fields of Islamic rhetorics in general and Persian rhetorics in particular for many centuries. This article will elaborate on this issue.
Hamid Abdollahian, Farnoush Farahmand,
Volume 20, Issue 72 (5-2012)
Abstract
Najdi is one of the outstanding contemporary writers due to his specific style. He has a different attitude towards human life and cultural elements of Iran, which makes his stories a good subject for discussion and research. In this article, two stories of Najdi are analyzed in the light of Deconstruction: “The Day of Asb-rizi” and “The Night of Killing Sohrab”. Deconstruction is mostly based on Derrida’s theory. It originated and was initially used in Philosophy and then it spread to literary criticism. The aim of Deconstruction is to find the binary oppositions, to analyze them in order to reveal the contradictory points and to deny the accepted assumptions. The results of this process is to doubt those beliefs that have been considered as axiomatic up to that time. In Najdi’s stories, the binary oppositions include man/animal, man/nature and man and civilization. In “The Day of Asb-rizi”, the opposition between man and animal, and, freedom and slavery causes some contradictions in the major themes of the story. In “The Night of Killing Sohrab”, the binary opposition is that of harsh patriarchal world/ innocent childish world, or, experience/inexperience.
Ali Rezā Nabiloo, Maryam Hāmoongard,
Volume 32, Issue 96 (4-2024)
Abstract
The story “Zan-e Ziadi” is one of the nine short stories in a collection of the same name, which was first published in 1952 during the lifetime of the contemporary writer, Jalal Al-e Ahmad. The central theme of all the stories in this collection is women, and the author has depicted their sorrows and problems from a critical perspective. This article examines “Zan-e Ziadi” from the perspective of deconstructive criticism. Deconstructive criticism, also known as deconstruction or constructionism, was developed based on the theory of the French philosopher and theorist Jacques Derrida (1930-2004). This term was first used in philosophy and then in literary criticism. The basis of deconstructive criticism is to find hidden binary and contradictions within the text, as by uncovering these binaries, one can discover the hidden layers within the text. According to Derrida, the internal binaries are hierarchical and stair-like, and one part is given superiority over the other, but upon close examination of the text, it becomes clear that none of the binaries have superiority over the other and are in fact complementary to each other. Deconstructive criticism is based on examining accepted assumptions, deconstructing, and revealing textual contradictions and the readers must search within the text for everything they need to know. The conflict in “Zan-e Ziadi” is superficially based on the contradiction between human and human, man/woman, and internally between human and false cultural and social beliefs and traditions. After examining the binaries within the text and identifying the conflicting forces within it, it becomes clear that contrary to what appears from the surface of the text and in the initial reading, the dominant pole in the text and the transcendental signified on which the internal challenge of the text is based is not an oppressive man against an oppressed woman, but rather both the man and the woman are captives and subjugated by false and imposed beliefs of their time, and the two binaries advance the story alongside harmoniously with each other.
Mr. Mehdi Nourian, Dr. Hadi Noori,
Volume 32, Issue 97 (1-2025)
Abstract
Purpose:
This article seeks to critique the elitism found in the thoughts of Iranian intellectuals of the 1950s and 1960s. To do so, it analyzes and carries out a deconstructionist reading of Jalal Al-e-Ahmad's story titled Farewell from the collection Three Strings. The book contains 13 stories of Al-e-Ahmad and was published in 1948.
Methodology: This reading is made possible with an emphasis on the French philosopher Jacques Derrida's perspective and applies the eight-step strategy of David Boje as a critical postmodern analysis strategy regarding the narrative. David Boje's method includes duality search, reinterpreting the hierarchy, rebel voices, the other side of the story, denying the plot, finding the exception, stating what is between the lines, and resituating. The article follows each of these steps in order to bring about the deconstructionist reading of the story.
Findings:
After using the 8-step strategy of Boje, eight dualities were found: beauty vs. ugliness, core vs. periphery, naked vs. clothed, enlightenment vs. gluttony, rational vs. superstitious, quiet vs. garrulous, boy vs. girl, and activity vs. passivity. Each of these dualities has a hierarchal dominant/subordinate structure, and the narrator narrates the story in a way he is in the dominant position. Then the hierarchy in each duality was reinterpreted in a way that the rebels found their voice and the other side of the story appeared. The romantic plot of the story was replaced by a tragic one, exceptions were found, and between the lines was read. After doing all the 7 steps, the new narrative was made possible.
Conclusion:
The article concludes that by using David Boje’s strategy and by adopting Jacques Derrida’s deconstructionist approach to read Jalal Al-e-Ahamd’s story titled Farewell, a new narrative was brought about that makes possible the critique of the elitist views of Iranian intellectuals during the 1950s and 1960s decades. It is important to note that it is necessary to go beyond the person of Al-e-Ahmad and to get closer to the subject of Al-e-Ahmad as an Iranian intellectual; a subject that has been made possible in a particular context and has produced works. According to the narrative produced by the deconstructionist reading of the story, it is concluded that the intellectual subject reproduces the hierarchical relationships, puts itself in a superior position, relies on modern reason, and without considering and understanding the existential relations of the subaltern, seeks to represent them and aims to act to accomplish what it calls an intellectual mission.
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