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Showing 3 results for Middle Persian
Hamed Noruzi,
Volume 21, Issue 75 (12-2013)
Abstract
Hebrew-Persian texts are texts which are Persian in language but have written in Hebrew characters. These texts belong to the third century AD and have been written before the Arabic-Persian texts. This is why many of the phonetic, morphological and syntactical features of themiddle period have been kept in Hebrew-Persian texts.One of the major grammatical features that have been preserved in Hebrew-Persian literature isthe specific application ofprepositionssuch asōandpa(d) in middle Persian manner. Someprepositionssuch as ' b'z find new meaning in Hebrew-Persian texts. Someprepositionslike'zmrare foundonly in Hebrew-Persian literature. Since there are no prepositionsinformalmodern Persian, this study can reveal theevolution oftheprepositionsfromthe middleperiodtomodernperiod. In thisarticle, it is shown how the prepositionswhich had remained from themiddlePersianperiodareaffected bythe formalmodern Persianprepositions andgraduallymiddle Persianand Persian prepositions are replaced bymodern Persianprepositions.
Ebrahim Vasheghani Farahani,
Volume 29, Issue 91 (12-2021)
Abstract
There is a difference of opinion about the word “Aspanwar” among the translators of Andarz i Khosraw i Ghabadan as well as other scholars of Middle Persian language and literature, lexicographers and encyclopedists at all levels of phonology, transliteration, explanation of meaning and determination of the signified. Aspanwar has been translated as: one of the seven cities of Madain; Isfahan; the horse stable; a place of rest; and a tomb. Due to the placement of this word at the top of Andarznameh and the limitation of Andarznameh to the place of Aspanwar, each reading of this word affects the totality of the audience’s interpretation of the text of Andarz i Khosraw i Ghabadan. In this article, the term Aspanwar will be studied within three domains: first, historical data; second, analysis of the lexical structure of Aspanwar; and third, the evidence of the text for the description of the text, which falls under semantics and speech functions. Also in this article, mythological narratives are used to describe Aspanwar. The result of the study reinforces the explanation that Aspanwar was made by constructing the word aspān (horse) + suffix “-war” (meaning area, border, and boundary) and means neither Isfahan nor tomb, but a structure or area associated with “horse”. Thus, it means a public square, which was the same structure that in the Islamic period had the common name “Shah Square” and has been a constant part of the Iranian palace architecture. With its development, this square has become one of the seven cities of Madain. Therefore, the meaning of Aspanwar in Andarz i Khosraw i Ghabadan was Madain Square and one of its seven cities where the most important structure of the Sassanid court, namely Arch of Madain, was built. This part of Madain is still called Asbanbar on the east bank of the Tigris and south of Ctesiphon.
Dr Ebrâhim Vâsheqâni Farâhâni,
Volume 32, Issue 97 (1-2025)
Abstract
The numeral system is one of the most important and challenging components of the writing system, which has two dimensions and is not simply limited to the written form of numbers. The challenge of number writing, on the one hand, is due to the nature of numbers and the way they exist in each language, which itself is the result of the different attitude of each nation to existence, and the second dimension of the challenge is related to the way of writing numerical entities in each language. Therefore, even though number writing is a phenomenon of the writing system, it cannot be considered a purely inscriptive phenomenon, but to describe the numeral system, it is necessary to pay attention to the type of attitude and vision of peoples and nations towards existence and especially the mythological foundations of the attitudes of each nation. Middle Persian is no exception to this approach, and one of the neglected requirements for responding to the ambiguities of the Middle Persian numeral system is the attitude towards existence, particularly the mythological beliefs of Iranians. Following the valuable efforts made so far to compile and describe the Middle Persian numeral system, this article proposes other considerations while discussing the answers to some uncertainties still existing in the Middle Persian numeral system. Moreover, some of the traces and reflections of this system are tracked in the Modern Persian language and script, which on the one hand helps compile the Middle Persian numeral system and on the other hand, facilitates the understanding of Modern Persian words and texts. The findings of this study show that it is possible to describe the Middle Persian numeral system, and to do so, seeking help from the mythological foundations of Iranian thought is beneficial and crucial. The present article does not claim it has formulated the Middle Persian numeral system, although it presents considerations and suggestions for compiling it.
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