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Showing 4 results for Life
Hossein Bayat, Saeid Ebadijamil,
year 26, Issue 84 (9-2018)
Abstract
One of the most important aspects of analyzing literary texts is the consideration of the reflection of the author's thoughts, wishes, griefs and regrets as defense mechanisms. In reviewing the reflection of an author's unconscious in his or her work, psychoanalytic or psychological criticism is often used, in which the critic tries to reveal the influence of the author's mental constraints on hidden layers of the work or to open textual ambiguities using psychoanalytical or psychological principles. The authors of this article have tried to investigate in a short story collection, Be Ki Salaam Konam?, one of Simin Daneshvar’s most important psychological anxieties, that is, "infertility pain"; a pain which though is not traced in Jalal al-Ahmad's independent works, it is present in Daneshvar's stories and appears in different ways. Be Ki Salaam Konam? has become a feminine narrative of Jalal’s Sangi Bar Goori. The subject of most of the stories of the former is "infertility", which is presented using child, adopted child, and grandson in the form of free or affiliated motifs. Daneshvar uses unconscious symbols such as the old women to suggest infertility. The reactions of characters in the stories to infertility can be described through defense mechanisms such as displacement, sublimation and projection. Nonetheless, throughout the discussion, when necessary, the paper will benefit from approaches such as archetypal criticism as well.
Shokr-Allah Pour-Alkhas, Leila Azarnivar, Ahmad Reza Kiani,
year 30, Issue 92 (5-2022)
Abstract
Death is the most definite end that can happen at any moment and at any point in life, a horrible truth that humans respond to with horror of death. Many psychotherapists, including Yalom, consider it to be the main source of anxiety, which greatly affects a person’s behavior and psyche. History has shown that poets and writers have thought deeply about death and spoken about it. Saadi, an Iranian thinker who has gained world fame by expressing his moral and philosophical wisdom, in addition to telling anecdotes in his works “Bustan” and “Gulistan” and even in his “Ghazaliat”, has discussed the meaning of death and the anxiety caused by it. Due to the importance of the subject of death, its certainty and inevitability, the current study used Saadi’s works, along with a descriptive-analytical method based on interdisciplinary studies to investigate how Saadi and Yalom help human beings to overcome the horror of death and to live happily or save themselves from its fear despite knowing about death and to face the crises and their mental and psychological problems. The findings show that facing and remembering death not only reduce death anxiety but also make life meaningful, more precious, and valuable. As a result, with such a perception, one can make death enjoyable not only for oneself, but also for others.
Mohammad Reza Haji Aqababaei,
year 31, Issue 95 (11-2023)
Abstract
Life style and its relevant issues are among the subjects that have been paid attention to in the didactic texts of Persian Literature for a long time and which have sometimes been called as ‘household policy’ or ‘household management’. Since the late Qajar era, attention to issues such as life style and its instruction was booming and it seemed that didactic literature became widespread with a new style and technique. In the present study, periodicals of the late Qajar and the first Pahlavi eras were reviewed and articles related to life style issues as well as comments made by their pros and cons were analyzed. Among the most important subjects discussed in the periodicals mention can be made of social life, arranging formalities, house management principles, physical health and clothing etiquette. Through reviewing published topics about life style in the late Qajar and the first Pahlavi eras, it can be concluded that movement towards modernity was advertized in different areas and western models were introduced to the Iranian society as superior examples of life style. However, in some cases these models were not much compatible with the Iranian life style and the culture of Iranian society. On the other hand, it seems that only women were to be instructed in life style and men did not require such teachings. This was due to the dominant cultural views of the then Iranian society.
- Shahla Khalilollahi, - Maryam Mousavi Jeshughani,
year 32, Issue 96 (4-2024)
Abstract
The process of aesthetics is a type of thinking that encompasses various philosophical schools, particularly in the realm of art, from Plato to the present day. It is a historical phenomenon that owes its philosophical significance primarily to Kant. Kant considers beauty as an independent concept, where the pleasure derived from it is inherent to the thing itselfYuriko Saito, a theorist of aesthetics, believes that the aesthetics of everyday life addresses the shortcomings of art-based philosophical aesthetics. Accordingly, aesthetic perspectives and judgments can determine the quality of life, social and cultural ethics, and serve as a necessary means for expressing the evaluation of individuals' everyday life quality. They empower humans to fully enjoy aesthetic experiences through interactions with artifacts, the surrounding environment, and human interactions. Since narrative storytelling contains propositions and capacities that can be evaluated from the perspective of everyday life aesthetics and also possess validity in the real world, this study aims to analyze and expound upon the aesthetics of everyday life based on Saito's perspective in three short stories from the collection "Aashiqyat in the Footnotes" by Mahsa Mohebbali. The research utilizes documentary and qualitative methods, drawing upon analytical library resources. The goal is to answer the question of what the elements of everyday life aesthetics are in these works. The findings of this study in the three short stories demonstrate that the everyday life of individuals and the role of objects, places, etc. are depicted as symbols, in the form of normative escapism and defamiliarization in human interactions, etc. Despite normative escapism and defamiliarization in human interactions, the texts of the stories provide a platform for experiences that ultimately lead to the realization and judgment that beauty, ugliness, and the mundane are genuinely manifested within them.
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