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Feministic criticism concerns the function of specific feminine cultural and ideological constituents in literal works. In its approach to narrative this kind of criticism follows two methods. First, the attributes of women and their role and personality in course of the story, and second a critique of women presented which studies female authors. Sorkhi-e-to az man by Sepedeh Shamlu is one the feministic novels, which concerns the world of women in recent years. It has attracted the attention of many readers interested in Persian contemporary novel. Considering the importance of this novel in the process of feministic narrative writing of post-revolutionary Iran, this paper attempts to explore the elements of feministic narrative following an analytic-descriptive method. The findings of this paper show that this modern novel seeks to cast doubt on the differences of men and women through a deconstruction method. The female characters of the novel consider their identity and situation to be molded by imposed patriotic social relations, which are created by men and the dominance of masculine language. By considering the beliefs, worldviews, emotions, privet parts, women’s feelings of disgust and fear, lewdness, objection to masculine gaze, choosing short sentences, etc. in the text the researchers attempt to highlight the feminine style of writing.

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Through a rhetorical system, poets’ and writers’ worldview is reflected in their literary works. One effective factor in forming or changing these viewpoints is the happenings and changes of the world poets dwell on different levels. Simile is an important structure in the rhetorical system. In this piece of research the writers have tried to show how structure of simile in Bidel reveals transformations in the texture of situation on different levels through establishing relations with other rhetorical structures. Moreover, the research also investigates how vivid or subdued transformations in the current period affect the horizon of expectation of previous ages resulting in the formation of new horizons. In this article, the poems of Bidel are regarded as a field the intrinsic transformations in which can be attributed to other fields such as Hindi style of poetry. Through this study, it became obvious that not only the poet (Bidel) sometimes creates new structures out of old similes, but also he establishes new structures by creating chains of similes networks, resulting in the abundance of syntactic images, or  several images using multidimensional words, etc. In the following article, situational texture of Safavid era, linguistic texture of Hindi style, its common simile structures, and at last, new simile structures and their features in Bidel’s poems are studied.
 

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Popular culture is an important aspect of poets’ intellectual system and knowledge of its components has a significant effect on facilitating the description of poets’ thoughts and mentalities. Mohammad Hossein Kebriayi, Ibn-e-Hesam Khusfi and Nizari Quhestani are among the Quhestan region (Southern part of Khorasan Province) poets who relied on elements of popular culture to reflect various epistemological, lyrical and moral issues in their poems. In the present paper, using the descriptive-analytical method, the areas of application of popular culture are investigated in four general categories of “beliefs”, “customs (focusing on occupations)”, “irony and allegory” and “local words” in Kebriayi’s poetry. Moreover, several components of this subject are mentioned in the poems of Nizari and Ibn Hussam. It seems that by using these elements Quhestan poets have succeeded in the process of expressing and describing instructional and mystical categories and in making their intentions more tangible. Since the majority of readers of these poets have been the common people, the use of popular culture has been effective in the pragmatics of their words and in creating a powerful link between the target group and their poetry. Using this technique, Kebriayi has knowingly downgraded the level of his speech to create a three-dimensional relationship among himself, the produced text and the target readers. Nizari and Ibn-e-Hesam have mostly portrayed lyrical issues in their poetry.
 

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The study of text cohesion is a linguistic tool for understanding the structure of Persian literary works based on objective and accurate descriptions using a single model. In this paper, verses from Sanai’s Hadiqat al-Haqiqah (The Walled Garden of the Truth) were studied using the theory of text cohesion by Halliday and Hassan in systemic linguistics and the results were presented in diagrams. According to this theory, cohesion has grammatical, lexical and relational devices each of which includes more detailed devices. The purpose of this paper is to analyze each of these cohesive devices in Sanai’s Hadiqat. The research method is descriptive and each of the cohesive devices is investigated by mentioning couplet samples and their repetition frequencies. The results show that among the various types of cohesion, lexical cohesion, especially contrasts, and relational cohesion, especially causal relationships, have the greatest effect on the cohesion and integrity of the verses of Hadiqat.   
 

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Semiotics is a research approach which evaluates the signs to understanding the hidden meaning in the context. This approach which utilize linguistics, sociology, and literary criticism, is an efficient way of analysis. Semiotic analysis of travelogues provides an opportunity to a new reading and better understanding of them. Moreover, semiotic analysis can clarify the role of travelogues in delineating and representing the social and cultural status of societies. Based on Pierre Guiraud’s theory, this paper attempts to reveal the hidden aspects of identity, culture and social customs of explored lands by reviewing the social signs in Haj Sayyah travelogue, which is the longest travelogue of an ordinary person with regard to time and place during the Naseri Era. Using a descriptive-analytic method, this study compares and sometimes contrasts the Iranian-Islamic culture with the European culture and the confrontation of human beings with themselves and the environment. The findings show that religious beliefs and issues, as signs of identity, are the most important concern for the writer who dealt with them critically both inside and outside of Iran. As a young clergyman, his excessive attention to holy places like mosques, temples and churches suggests his religious identity.