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Showing 3 results for Physical Structure

Dr Habibollah Fasihi, Dr Taher Parizadi, Mrs Nahid Noori,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract

Among the many kinds of natural hazards, earthquake is one of the rare events that human science has not yet been able to control or even predict. Physical structure conditions of human settlements play an important role in vulnerability to this natural disaster. The purpose of this article is to investigate natural and physical characteristics of Kuhdasht in terms of earthquake vulnerability. The city with a population of 90,000 and an area of about 540 ha, locates in the west of Lorestan province, Iran. The data are provided from GIS file of 2016 Iranian Public Census of Population and Housing, GIS files of Kuhdasht land use and GIS files of Iran faults and lithology.  A few layers have been added to these files through observation. It is used Arc-Map 10-8 to combine layers and produce maps. Then we used Excel software to do statistical analysis on data tables. Findings showed that the site of study area locates in a middle risk zone of earthquakes, but its close distance to active faults can be a warning for occurring destructive earthquakes. High proportion of non-resistant buildings, high density of buildings in some parts of the city and the presence of two gas stations in the middle of residential buildings, are the most important components of Kuhdasht vulnerability. In contrast, plenty of open spaces, high proportion of non-apartment houses, low population density and permeability of passages are important strengths in this regard. The central part of the city from which the city originated, is more vulnerable than the other parts. Due to the existence of the trade centers here, it is necessary to pay more attention to in future plans.
, S Z, A T, M A,
Volume 19, Issue 53 (6-2019)
Abstract

Using the passive defense principles in urban plans and projects is important in the context of land use planning, reinforced concrete, citizen education, and increasing urban resiliency. Observing and adhering to these principles will reduce the vulnerability of the city and citizens to security and military threats. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating the spatial pathology of the physical and social structure of the 6th urban district of Tehran municipality with emphasis on passive defense approach principles particularly citizenship education principle. Therefore, this research has selected the 6th urban district of Tehran municipality, due to its important and sensitive land uses with regional and trans-regional functions as a research area. In this study, the AHP model was used to assess the physical structure pathology. In order to evaluate the social structure damages of the area, three neighborhoods were selected in the region using cluster-spatial sampling. Then, using the survey method, the authors sought to collect the views of the inhabitants. In order to determine the sample size, the Cochran's formula was used. The results of this study indicate that the vulnerability of the region in terms of the physical structure is moderate and downward. Additionally, the social vulnerability of the area is also above average. Finally, the factors influencing the vulnerability of physical and social structure were investigated. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the indicators of population and construction density are the most important factors affecting vulnerability from experts' viewpoint. In addition, it was revealed that education and awareness, resiliency against security-military threats, skill and expertise, respectively, are the effective indicators of the vulnerability of the social structure of the area.

Mohammad Golmohammadi, Mohammad Adalatkhah, Akbar Abdollahzadeh Tarf,
Volume 20, Issue 59 (12-2020)
Abstract

Many factors, including cultural factors, currents and schools of thought, and patterns of urbanization in the world are influential in the physical structure of a city. The physical structure of the city is the result of all the forces that give rise to the formation and formation of a settlement and has an objective and mental appearance. The growth and development of cities, due to various events in all historical periods, has been declining and rising. Nowadays, knowledge of the physical structure of the city and the reasons that govern its spatial expansion in different periods is necessary to control its expansion and is one of the important factors influencing the success of urban planners and designers. This study was written with the aim of identifying and prioritizing cultural factors affecting the physical structure of the city with emphasis on indigenous architecture. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Library and field methods were used to collect information. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts and specialists in architecture and urban planning, with a sample size of 30 people. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, the fuzzy Delphi technique and the BMW model were used. The results of fuzzy Delphi technique confirmed the identified factors and sub-factors. The results of the BMW model showed that among the identified factors, the privacy factor with a final score of 0.298 in the first place, the security quality factor with a final score of 0.273 in the second place, the nature connection factor and social interactions with a final score of 220 / 0 is in the third place and the hierarchical factor is in the fourth place with a final score of 0.209.


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