Showing 5 results for Value
Ali Nasiri,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-2007)
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the risk of earthquakes in the Urmia region by determining the parameters a and b of the Gutenberg-Richter magnitude-frequency relationship. For this purpose, based on the tectonic and seismographic data of the region, 4 different seismic springs were identified and zoned using geostatistical spatial analysis methods in the ARCGIS 10.3 environment. In this research, the value of b, which is the slope of the frequency-magnitude relationship of the Gutenberg-Richter relationship, was calculated using the maximum likelihood (ML) method. Also, I estimated the average return periods, the most probable maximum magnitude in the time interval of t years, and the probability of an earthquake with magnitude M => 7 in the time intervals of t years. Then we produced a map of the values of the parameters a and b using the ML method. We obtained the lowest b value of 0.414 in seismic zone 1 and the highest value in zone 2 equal to 0.96 and zones 3 and 4 respectively 0.553 and 0.72. These results are strongly supported by the probability value (90 percent) that the largest earthquake with a magnitude greater than or equal to 6 on the Richter scale occurs in zones 3 and 4. We estimated the minimum return period of such an earthquake with the mentioned magnitude to be 79 and 169 years respectively in zones 3 and 4 of the region. We estimated the most probable earthquake with a magnitude of 6 and above in the next 100 years in 4 zones of the region, and the highest value of the earthquake magnitude scale was determined in zone 4 (M=7.7). Based on the parameters of the mentioned relationship and the type of tectonic regime of the region, zones 3 and 4, which mostly cover the southwest and north of the region, are the most dangerous zones in terms of seismic risks in Urmia region.
Nafiseh Varkianipor, , , Majid Ashrafi,
Volume 20, Issue 58 (9-2020)
Abstract
The promotion of Entrepreneurship is the need of the community and the entrepreneursial development factors that are essential is the. Of the employment of women in Iran. Pursuit of opportunities beyond resources to create values in an article on the Entrepreneurship of the Entrepreneurship chain and sustainable social development. The elements of value chain were identified and prioritized according to experts in the second part of the paper to measure the relationship between the development of women's entrepreneurship and sustaninable social development through correlation research and strucrural equation modeling. We then discussed the results and the model entrepreneurial development model was developed based on the entrprenrurial value chain with a sustainable social development approach. This model contributes to the formulation of women's entrepreneurial activity and tacilitates the srengths and weaknesses and facilitates. Finally the presentation of the model and the link between the development of women's entrepreneurship of entrepreneurship value chain and sustainable social development were obtained.
Narges Mousavi, Homa Doroudi, Somayeh Moghaddam,
Volume 22, Issue 66 (9-2022)
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the impact of perceived security and perceived value on tourists' spatial attachment. The present study is of applied purpose and of descriptive-analytical method. Libraries and field methods were used to collect the required data and data. The statistical population of the study consisted of tourists coming to Zanjan province. The sample size of the study was estimated to be 384 people using Cochran formula. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured by Cronbach's alpha and the combined reliability coefficient (Cr). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by face and expert validity and divergent validity by calculating the mean variance index. SPSS and LISREL were used for data analysis. The results showed that the sense of security and perceived value had a significant and positive effect on tourists' spatial attachment.
Dr Nafiseh Varkianipoor, Dr Seyed Mohammadreza Hoseini, Dr Rohalla Samiee, Dr Majid Ashrafi,
Volume 24, Issue 74 (9-2024)
Abstract
Women play an important role in promoting employment and improving the economic situation of society. Therefore, giving them identity and independence and providing the ground for their active participation in various economic and social affairs, especially entrepreneurial activities in urban areas is a very important factor of this great force.
The experts’ demographic features are analyzed. Then the components of entrepreneurship value chain and social sustainable development are sifted out using experts’ opinions (twenty of the best women entrepreneur of Golestan province), Fuzzy Delphi method, and De-fuzzy to find the components of intended variables. Validity and reliability of questionnaires are investigated by Cronbach’s Alpha and normal distribution of components and statistical samples are also analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Student’s t-Test. In section one, the prioritization and ranking of dimensions and components of entrepreneurship value chain are addressed (by 198 of women entrepreneur of Golestan province) by using hierarchical analysis process method and Expertchoice software. In section two, to measure the relationships between the developing women’s entrepreneurship according to value chain and the social sustainable development, the Correlational research, the Structural equation for factor analysis test, and Smart pls2 software are used that show a statistical significant. In correlational research not only the relationship between variables are detected but also the type and rate of variables relationship are reachable. The results then are discussed. And the model of developing women’s entrepreneurship according to value chain with the approach of social sustainable development is presented. The model helps adjust the developing women’s entrepreneurship and show the strength and weakness.
Jalil Badamfirooz, Leyla Sharifi,
Volume 25, Issue 77 (7-2025)
Abstract
By assessing the functions and ecosystem services of protected areas, planners and decision-makers of land use planning and sustainable development at the regional and national levels can be of great help. The present study specifically assesses the water and soil resources in the Gandu Protected Area and the economic valuation of these services. In order to model the ecosystem services of water balance, soil conservation and water quality, the hydrological model based on WWPSS remote sensing data was used. The simulation was carried out using a series of one-degree square mosaic images (one hectare) on a monthly scale. The Invest model and the replacement cost method were also used for economic valuation. The results showed that the total water produced in this area is 401,205,344 cubic meters per year. Also, the minimum, maximum and average water budgets are all negative and are equal to -1492.76, -38.04 and -639.24 mm per year respectively, which indicates a lack of rainfall and intense evaporation and transpiration in this region. The average potential pollution of surface water is 4.5% and this region prevents 2 tons per hectare of soil erosion annually. The real economic value of water production and soil conservation is estimated to be 20.18%, 67.54 and 2729.65 billion rials in 2019, respectively, with inflation correction. Three scenarios with discount rates (compound) of 8, 12 and 15% were used in the periods of 5, 10, 15 and 30 years to determine the economic value of the functions of these resources in the future. The results showed that, for example; With a discount rate of 15% and over a period of 30 years, the economic value of the water production and soil conservation functions reaches 4471.82 and 180730.13 billion rials, respectively. In total, the economic value of the water production and soil conservation functions is 0.35 and 14.17 percent of the total value of the region.
