Showing 123 results for Rs
Dr Afshin Mottaghi, Mr Arash Ghorbani Sepehr, Ms Parisa Ghorbani Sepehr,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
In the field of spatial planning of border areas, the macro-perspective view of geography should be applied in order to identify the possibilities, capabilities and limitations of border areas, at least to avoid the tensions and challenges due to unbalanced development. , Deprivation and spatial heterogeneity arise, prevented. The research method in this study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. In this regard, using a combination of multi-criteria decision-making techniques similar to the ideal option (TOPSIS) and Shannon entropy coefficient, the distribution and development of spatial development indicators in health-service sectors in Kurdistan province evaluation The border cities of this province have been classified according to the level of having these indicators. The question of the present study is what is the situation of the cities of Kurdistan province in terms of spatial distribution of health and service indicators? It seems that the level of enjoyment of any of the border cities of Kurdistan province is not at the desired level. The findings of this study indicate that Kurdistan province, despite having a special position and high geopolitical potential, is still one of the most deprived provinces in the country. In addition, there is a kind of imbalance and heterogeneity in the distribution and development of facilities and development indicators in the border cities of the province. Based on the analysis of 13 indicators of the space organization from a total of 4 border cities of this province, Saqez and Baneh cities in the semi-privileged (semi-deprived) group and the two cities of Marivan and Sarvabad in the category without (deprived) place Taken. Based on the results of this study, the space organization in the border cities of Kurdistan province is highly heterogeneous and these cities are in the middle to lower level in terms of health-service development that is necessary in terms of health and services This border province should be given special attention to ensure the lasting security of the border citizens of Kurdistan.
Mr. Ayat Jahanbani, Mr. Ali Shamie, Mr. Habib-O-Llah Fasihi, Mr. Taher Parizadi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Resiliency is one of the approaches to reducing the vulnerability of communities and strengthening peoplechr('39')s ability to deal with the dangers of natural disasters, especially earthquakes, and has economic, social, institutional, physical, and environmental dimensions. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and research method. The researcher-made questionnaire with 102 items was a tool for collecting research data. The sample size was 386 simple based on Cochranchr('39')s formulas and the sampling method was random. Exploratory factor analysis and path analysis were used in the SPSS25 software platform for data analysis and factor modeling. The results indicate that Parsabad city has the lowest scores in terms of social and physical resilience and is in a moderate to good condition; environmental resilience is in a moderate condition, institutional and economic resilience are in a bad situation. Also question factorization, 13 factors for social dimensions, (behavior during the crisis, crisis awareness, crisis preparedness, knowledge, cooperation, trust, assistance, reliance, interaction, accuracy, attitude, first aid, and necessary measures); 3 factors (Damages, Compensation and ability to return) for economic dimensions; 5 factors (performance of public institutions, the performance of semi-public institutions, institutional communication, institutional measures, and institutional context) for institutional resilience; 4 factors (open space, building resistance, public access and Relief access) for physical resilience and 3 factors (environmental, nutritional and soil factors) for environmental resilience. Finally, the modeling of resilience indicators for Parsabad city was presented.
Aysan Pourmoghaddam, Mahsa Faramarzi Asl, Mirsaeed Moosavi, Akbar Abdoolahzadeh Tarraf,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Abstract
Urban Regeneration is the one of Restoration function that imports to four dimensions of Form, Economy, Society and Ecosystem. Environment Quality is the one of objects of Urban regeneration. On the other hands lack of peoplechr('39')s interest to live and spending leisure time, the quality of city center decreases and it is more important to increase quality of city center. Environment quality is general subject and, in this study, we use creative model place for describing quality factors of environment. Golkar`s model “sustainable place” which comes from Canter`s Model “Place” is the one of most complete models for assessing the qualities of environment; It imports to four dimensions of form, activities, imaginations and ecosystem after that eventually we can obtain the Conceptual Framework of central part of Urban regeneration based on Environmental Quality. By means of content technique, various ideas and views about environment qualities from global theorists, Experiences of regenerating city center and national restoration document were collected then calculate average of them for selecting most important of them. Finally define Measures for all these important qualities to draw Conceptual Framework. The result show that legibility and Visual character are the most import qualities of empirical-aesthetic factor, Permeability and Socio petal space and Quality of public area and Vitality are the most import qualities of functional factor and Compatibility with nature is the most important quality of ecological factor. These 7 qualities which are among the most important qualities must be considered in regeneration of city centers.
Dr Pari Shokri Firoozjah, Dr Amir Bakhshi, Mr Javad Puriani, Ms Fateme Alipour Sourkhani,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
In urban spaces various heterogeneous and dissonant elements together cause to environmental disturbances. One of the most impotant of these elements that rarely is noted, is the color. Therefore, this study has been done with the aim of review and assess of color role effectiveness in upgrading quality space of Ramsar Chahrsad Dastgah town. The research method was descriptive-analytic and data were collected through questionnaires and photography. The statistical population of the study was estimated, according to Cochran formula, 300 people. In order to assess of quality indicators according to the role of color were examined 3 main index (spatial perception, readability and identity, diversity and vitality) and 20 variables. To analyze the indicators have been used from sample T-test and RGB models. According to one sample T-test, readability and identity Index with an average of 2.31, diversity and vitality with an average of 2.69 and spatial perception with an average 2.78 have had from least to greatest effect on the quality of the study area. Also according to the color palette extracted from sky, artificial body and vegetation layers, town of Chahrsad Dastgah are not rich in terms of color and promotion of the quality of urban space is not. Generally, in the town of Chahrsad Dastgah has been used less than coloring agent to increase the spatial perception, sense of life and identity.
Mostafa Karampour, Yeganeh Khamoshian Sahneh, Zohreh Ebrahimi, Hamed Heidari,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
In recent years, much attention has been allocated to the study of atmospheric rivers because atmospheric rivers are massive carriers of moisture from remote areas. In this study, atmospheric rivers were studied for Iran and the neighboring countries in terms of their source of formation and their relationship and correlation with the NAO index. To study them the 1994 to 2019 data of various climatic elements such as Vwind, Function wind, NAO,, wind Shum, Meridonal wind were used. The results showed that during the study period, the ARs direction became more southerly, and jet streams played a major role in producing and determining the direction of river flow. Jetstream performance can also be used to determine the potential of an area in identifying atmospheric rivers. The highest correlation of the Transatlantic Transplant Index is with the tidal currents at the levels of 500 and 400. If the pressure centers are located in the southern part of the atmospheric rivers and the jet streams reach the eastern regions about 60 degrees, the length of the atmospheric rivers will reach more than 12,000 kilometers and affect the eastern regions of Iran to Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan.
Mr Iraj Mahmoodpour, Dr Hossein Hataminejad, Dr Rahmatolah Farhoodi, Dr Jamile Tavakolinia,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
It has a complex and multi -dimensional conceptual life and guarantees the performance of the ecosystem from the smallest unit to the surface of the Earth, or in other words from local levels to world levels, and its patterns are quite different from one region to region. In this regard, in the past three decades, in addition to the human impacts, the use of harmful resources and industries, the vulgarity of the ozone, the greenhouse, the greenhouse and the effects of the phenomena, and the phenomena of the city, Various environmental and environmental and remedies have been increased, which has increased melods to zero. For this purpose, in this study, it has been attempted to identify and analyze the key propellers affecting biodiversity by emphasizing the environmental indicators in Tehran's 11 metropolitan area. In this study, with the technique of environmental and Delphi dynamics, 57 primary factors were extracted in eleven different areas and then, using the Delphi method of managers, the matrix of the components of the components was formed. Next, the matrix analysis has been analyzed through the Michemac software. The results of the distribution of variables on the axis of influence and influence of the factors in the Micmac software indicate the system's instability within the scope of the study, and therefore five categories of variables were identified. Finally, due to the high direct and indirect effect of factors, seven key factors were identified as key factors in the field of biodiversity, with emphasis on the environmental indices of the region. Among the preferences under consideration, the variables of public transport status (speed, accuracy, confidence, security, security, convenience, economic affordability) and public access to the green space had the highest impact on the biodiversity in the study area.
Laaya Jalilian, , Mohsen Ahadnejad, Hiwa865@gmail.com,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Abstract
Policy-making in tourism development planning requires the use of new methods in the field of urban governance. In accordance with this approach, it is necessary to apply policy focusing on the processes of "developing a good governance model for tourism in the post-corona era in Iran" in order to solve the problems caused by this disease, which puts double pressure on the body of the tourism industry, through To reduce the evaluation of tourism governance indicators and provide the basis for their implementation. The method of this research is descriptive-survey and with practical purpose, using documentary studies and field research. We have used the interview tool for the qualitative part (data analysis of the foundation) and studying the appropriate indicators of tourism. The statistical population includes elites and people involved in tourism in the country, and the statistical sample includes 14 of these people, who were selected by a combination of judgmental and snowball sampling methods. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted by comparing data in open, central and selective coding until the stage of theoretical saturation and separation of main and sub-categories, and the data theory method of the Strauss and Corbin Foundation (1998) was used to analyze the obtained data. has been The results of this research, according to the identification of the indicators of meritocracy and the introduction of the causal conditions of the use of meritocracy in Iran's tourism industry, lay the groundwork for the formation of consequences such as; Improving the business environment, especially after the recession crisis of this industry due to the spread of Covid-19, creating a competitive advantage, etc. through providing suitable platforms, including: organizational measures, strengthening and improving infrastructure, technological capabilities, etc. and using information and communication management strategies, marketing strategies, supervision and monitoring, etc., which are displayed as a model.
Zohreh Maryanji, Fatemeh Sotoudeh, Meysam Toulabi Nejad, Ziba Zarrin,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Understanding and predicting future climatic conditions and characteristics is essential because of their importance in all aspects of life. This study seeks to examine the process of modifying temperatures in the Hamedan region by using Downscaling data to predict the public circulation data and its changes. The Lars Explore Downscaling Model has been used to fine-tune the data of the General Transport Model (HADGEM2-ES) and the paired model (CMIP5) and under the three release scenarios RCP2.5, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5). Estimates of the correlation of simulated data and actual data show values of more than 0.95 for all months. P_value also showed the statistical tests of model output, acceptable values in model performance in production and simulation. As a result, the data were extracted from 2011 to 2050. Data were examined in three intervals to detect trend changes. The results show that in the optimistic scenario (RCP2.5) there is no tangible trend in the mean and minimum temperature, while in the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenario there are significant trends in temperature data and accordingly increase the minimum temperature, according to the increase in the minimum temperature, according to the increase in the minimum temperature, according to the increase 1 degree in the average temperature. It shows severe climate change that, especially in the cold season, changes the type of precipitation. Also, based on the data process, the significant increase in the average annual and monthly scale temperature in all three scenarios under study will indicate the environmental crisis ahead.
Monireh Rodsarabi, Mohammad Baaghideh, Dr Alireza Entezari, Fatemeh Mayvaneh,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
In order to evaluate the thermal comfort conditions in the classroom, a field study was conducted in Sabzevar. Students' thermal sensations of class conditions were recorded at different hours of the day during the 2009-2010 academic year for different classes. At the same time, the temperature and humidity values of the classes were collected by a Data logger. To examine the differences, ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis methods were used. The results showed that the location of the classrooms in terms of geographical direction and building floor did not make a significant difference in the temperature and humidity, while the hourly differences of these parameters were significant.
In general, the responses related to the sensation of cooling had higher percentages than the state of heating (24% vs. 12%).
The thermal sensation in different months showed significant differences and the month of October had the lowest frequency in the feeling related to thermal comfort. In all months, except for October, the students' preferred was "heating". Although the performance of the heating system has been assessed as adequate, the operation time of this system should be done at a shorter distance from the start of morning classes to avoid wasting a significant portion of energy.
Although the temperature and humidity inside the classrooms did not show a significant monthly difference, but in terms of students' thermal sensation between different months, there was a statistically significant difference, therefore, the thermal sensation is something beyond physical characteristics (temperature and humidity) and In addition to being affected by climatic parameters, it is also strongly influenced by individual characteristics (sex, age, weight, height, clothing and activity level).
Hassan Heidari, Ebrahim Mesgari,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Understanding the daily weather types of any place location plays an important role in identifying its long-term climate. In this study, we employed the Wos classification method, along with a comprehensive climatology approach, to examine key variables such as minimum, average, and maximum temperatures, as well as cloud cover and daily precipitation. Data spanning from 1985 to 2021 were collected from 39 synoptic stations that had a good distribution in the country and had complete statistics, and weather types were identified using coding techniques. The findings revealed that the predominant temperature types in the country are predominantly hot and very hot, with sub-codes indicating generally low to moderate cloud cover and no precipitation. Moreover, the utilization of Ward's clustering method enabled us to identify three distinct climatic groups. The geographical characteristics of each place, such as location, altitude, latitude, proximity to the sea, and synoptic characteristics based on their influence, have the most important effect on the regional separation of groups in the country. The results of this research can be used to determine the weather calendar of each region during different time periods in many fields of agriculture, tourism, etc.
Masoud Malekian Dolat Abadi, Gholamhosein Heidari, Farhad Hamzeh,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
| ABSTRACT |
The world today is witnessing the height of geopolitical competition; An arena where only energy resources are no longer considered as the support of countries, but the corridors have become the place of power competition and every country tries to find a place for itself in the network created by these emerging corridors. In other words, the global geopolitical trend intensifies competition over maritime bottlenecks and secures access to cross-border markets. This research is a type of "theoretical foundation" research; Its method is also descriptive-analytical and it is collected in a certain way from comparative methodology with library and internet tools. It seems that in the chronopolitical alcove in the field of Iran-Iraq relations, each of the actors is trying to position their role in the international corridors, which they pursue in line with several goals; Such as Iraq's pursuit of the "FAW Corridor" initiative, and Iran, which seeks to develop the circle of economic cooperation and take a place in the emerging alliances of the East. Although it is not possible to confidently predict the future of relations between the two countries from a chronopolitical perspective, signs of less cooperation and more competition in the relations between the two countries due to various variables and reasons can be seen on the horizon. The most important indicator of possible competition includes competition in transit routes (corridors).
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Faeze Shoja, Salimeh Sadeghi, Shamsipour,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
The aim of this research is to evaluate the heat mitigation index (HMI) in the Tehran metropolitan area using the Urban Cooling Model(UCM)approach in a spatial framework. UCM produces maps of the Heat Mitigation Index. This index estimates the cooling potential of urban green spaces in a given location, taking into account various parameters such as evapotranspiration, tree shading, albedo, rural reference air temperature, urban heat island intensity, air temperature maximum blending, and maximum cooling distance. The assessment of environmental factors influencing the UCM in the study area revealed that the urban heat island effect was least intense in regions 1, 22, and the northern parts of region 4 of Tehran municipality, where there are scattered trees, shrubs, open low-rise buildings, and water bodies. The temperature differential between the city and the suburbs ranged from 0 to 1.3 degrees Celsius. However, the study area's central parts showed the highest intensity of the urban heat island, particularly in regions 21, 13, and 14. These regions have a dense and compact texture and an expansion of impervious surfaces, resulting in the lowest values of the evapotranspiration index and albedo.Based on these parameters, the study area's HMI index showed that the cooling capacity varies from 0.08 in the central parts of the city to 0.9 in areas affected by green spaces and water bodies. The maximum cooling capacity index is concentrated in areas with dense and scattered tree cover in the region. On average, these areas have been able to neutralise 2.48 degrees Celsius of the urban heat island effect with a cooling capacity of 63%. The methodology employed in this research can be used as a reference for urban designers in integrating urban cooling approaches and heat island mitigation strategies in urban planning and design.
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Volume 8, Issue 6 (12-2008)
Abstract
Mohammad Najarzadeh, Aliakbar Bidokhti, Jamal Moradnejad,
Volume 15, Issue 36 (6-2015)
Abstract
According to WTTC (World Tourism and Travel Council) forecast tourism contribution of global GDP will be about 6000 billion dollar in 2020 and will create 300 million job Therefore, Tourism could be considered as multidimensional field that response to tourists needs with diversity interests and motivations. Shopping is the most necessity needs and it is the one popular activity for tourists. Border regions facilitate this activity because they have two potentials: appropriate geographical situation and non-favorite economic condition for host community. One of the best and most popular border cities in Iran country is Baneh that placed in the west boundaries between Iran and Iraq country. Region’s Economy extremely depends on tourism shopping and majority of the host community directly or indirectly involved in that bussiness. Therefore, we can connect tourist's satisfaction with welfare and/or economical condition improvement. As, if it realize positively, region will develop in close future. This paper aims to evaluate performance of factors influencing tourists overall satisfaction in the Baneh border city due to important of development issue. Here, factors divided into two categories: shopping factors and tourism environmental factors. This research has followed a practical object, a descriptive approach with Field- Survey type in the method. Statistical population included tourists who have traveled to baneh city to purchase mainly. Matching to Morgan's table 400 tourist as statistical sample have selected and the questionnaire give to them randomly. The tools for gathering were base on two method, early data (from the field- survey study) and secondary data (from the library studies). An analysis of the results revealed that, in thematic destinations, in addition to factors related to specific Theme (Subject) that they were more influencing, The tourism environmental factors also can influence on the tourist total satisfaction . In sumery, this research aims to examine amount of satisfaction factors impact on the overall satisfaction. Finally, suggestions for relevant governmental institutes are provided.
Alireza Yousefi, Mahdiyeh Shahabinejad, Amimozafar Mini,
Volume 15, Issue 37 (9-2015)
Abstract
Agricultural sector has an important role in development of countries. One of the obstacles to development in this sector, especially in Iran is significant fragmentation of agricultural lands. The aim of this study is to assess the farmers’ willingness to participate in land consolidation project using structural equation modeling. The population of this study consists of all farmers of Meymeh County and its surrounding cities and villages and Niloofar-Abi cooperative of Vazvan city. Data were collected on a sample of 156 farmers through face-to-face interviews based on a comprehensive structured questionnaire. Before the survey, the reliability and validity of questionnaire was initially evaluated on a pre-test study respectively by using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, expert’s judgment and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) criteria. The results of this study show that the most important factors on farmers' willingness to participation are crop acreage and number of plots which respectively has the greatest positive and negative effect. The awareness of the farmers about benefit of consolidation project is another factor which has significant and positive impact on farmers' willingness. Furthermore, level of farmers schooling has no significant effect.
Hossein Zarean,
Volume 15, Issue 37 (9-2015)
Abstract
Trees can record long-term effects of climate variables. Using dendroclimatology knowledge, we can reconstruct such variables especially for areas which have short-term climatic data. For this purpose, we reconstructed the temperature degree of the warm months (May-September) through annual rings width of Quercus persica and regression analysis of data obtained from stations on Dena region. With this goal in mind, three growth heights were selected in Dena Forests and 52 growth samples from 26 bases were extracted and their growth rings width were measured with LINTAB5 with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. After cross dating stage, to eliminate non-climate effects, May to September temperature average and tree rings time series were standardized. The Residual Chronology (RES) calculated by ARSTAN was calibrated with temperature degree of the period 1882-2011 and its positive and significant correlation with the width of growth rings was confirmed. Based on the relations between the calculated chronology and joint statistical temperature degree data, the reconstruction of temperature degree of the warm seasons for over a century was performed and it was found that in the last three decades, region's average temperature of May to September had an increase in comparison to the average of the previous century.
Faramarz Khoshakhlagh, Mohammad Amin Heydary,
Volume 15, Issue 37 (9-2015)
Abstract
Climate control centers in each area are diverse and understanding how they relate to the atmospheric components of the Earth's surface contribute to prediction of climate fluctuations. In this study, by using Pearson's correlation and multivariate regression in a thirty-year period (1961-2010), the relationship between widespread rainfall anomalies in entire of Iran west with temperature and pressure of atmospheric centers in East and West of Mediterranean Sea in 5 atmospheric levels (SLP, 850, 500 and 300 Hpa) were analyzed and modeled. Based on the results, the correlation of atmospheric control centers in the East and West Mediterranean Sea with anomalies of rainfall in West of Iran is inverse and meaningful in 95% level. In this study, statistical indicators such as temperature differences and standardized pressure between West and East Mediterranean sea were identified as the most important indicators in relation to changes of rainfall in the study area. Based on the designed indicators, whenever indicators DT and DH is positive, this means higher temperature and higher atmospheric standardized pressure in the Western parts of Mediterranean sea in compare with its East and therefore the wet spells (Monthly) occur in the study area, and If the above mentioned index is negative, means that the occurrence of drought in West Iran. As for the indicators introduced for lower levels of the atmosphere, especially in the case of temperature, meaningful strong and direct correlation is seen with rainfall abnormalities in entire West of Iran. Modeling provided some indicator for Mediterranean region using multivariate regression that they showed a relatively strong correlation in this regard of the selected components that include the pressure difference in sea level, the temperature difference in 925 and 850 hPa level in the West (Compared to its East) Mediterranean sea. Also check the regression model using real data confirm the accuracy of the relative performance of the model.
Yadollah Balyani, Mohammad Saligheh, Hossein Asakereh, Mohammad Hossein Nasserzadeh,
Volume 15, Issue 37 (9-2015)
Abstract
Precipitation is one of the most intractable elements. The oscillating behavior of the crucial environmental planning (explicit and tacit knowledge of the behavior), is the key variable. Spectrum analysis techniques to understand the behavior of overt or covert methods suitable for the extraction and analysis of climate oscillations with different wave lengths. The size range of the distribution variance across all wave lengths may provide time series. In this study, data from 37 stations Heleh and Mond watershed (both rain and synoptic) from its inception until 2011, who had over 30 years of data, to analyze the cycle of annual rainfall, interest has been taken. So that the space is 3-2 year cycles in every area of study, the highest annual rainfall events are returned. On this basis, the Story of annual precipitation 95 percent for each of the stations under study and cycle meaningful estimate of the time series of basin data were extracted.
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Volume 16, Issue 42 (9-2016)
Abstract
Guidance plan does with economic, structure, social and cultural attitude in Iran and this plan has high effect on rural life. Therefore it is essential that we study guidance plan base of rural managers and rural councils attitude. Investigative method was descriptive, analysis (survey method) and research tools were questionnaire. Statistical society includes rural managers and rural council members. Sampling method in rural managers was census method and rural council methods were random sampling method. Number of rural managers was 31 and number of rural council members was 103 respondents (in councils with 3 members we select 3 respondents and in rural councils with 5 members we select 3 respondents). Results shows that guidance plan have positive effect on structure of village. But in economic and cultural dimensions, there is no effect on villages. Maps of guidance plan were weak. Respondent believe that there are low satisfaction about guidance plan among rural managers and rural council members. It is important and we must notice to it.
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Volume 16, Issue 42 (9-2016)
Abstract
In this research, impacts of climate change on the streamflow hydrological status of the Arazkooseh River are discussed. After Calibration and validation of the LARS-WG, HadCM3 was downscaled under A2 Scenario in three climatology station. Beside, calibration and validation of the SWAT model were done by observed data relative to past period of times. Streamflow values are then predicted using climatic parameters of period of 2011-2030, 2046-2065 and 2080-2099 years via SWAT model. The results indicated that the average annual temperature will increased around 0.8, 1.2 and 4.9 °C in desired periods, respectively. Precipitation values will increased 8.8 and 11.2 percent in the early and mid- century and it will decreased with 7.8 percent in the last years of century, correspondingly. The peak of rainfall will moved from month of March to the December. Because of climate changes, streamflow will increase 13 and 5 percent in the near periods. By contrast, in this case, it will reduce around 18 percent in far future. In this case research, the river discharge will increased in autumn and will decreased in spring seasons. Likewise, results of estimation showed that the annual peak flow will shifted from month of March to the April.
