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Today, the accelerating trend of urbanization, the lack of guidance and urban management, national and regional inequalities, and differences in the socio-economic base of individuals have led to the growth and expansion of informal housing. Due to this situation, informal housing has been expanding in Tehran's metropolitan area. The present study seeks to find key factors affecting informal housing in the study area and also to determine the relationships between criteria through structural-interpretive modeling (ISM). Are; Which is applied in terms of the nature of the application and in terms of the combined method (quantitative and qualitative) and in terms of the inductive research approach In this method, a questionnaire tool was used and in order to analyze the relationships and present their structural model, the interpretive structural modeling method was used, The results of MICMAC analysis and the classification of key factors in the four matrix clusters It shows that the factors of economic growth, redistributive policies, decentralization and transfer of authority, regional equilibrium policies, revision of development and sanctions laws and regulations and its effects are in the fourth cluster,which are in fact variables of research. In fact, key variables are research, and the only factor in housing policies is the cluster of link variables, which will guide other factors, and change will affect the entire system.

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Today, due to the conditions of globalization, branding of cities is very important due to the tourism potential and most areas with planning in this area try to further economic development and deprivation through tourism. In this study, the research strategy is deductive and its purpose will be practical. The required data and information are from library resources and survey (questionnaire and interview) of experts. The meta-swat technique is based on an inside-out approach and a resource-based perspective and provides competitiveness to cities and regions. The city of Kermanshah has high capabilities to attract tourism in order to be urban, regional and global competitiveness. The findings of this study show that among the capabilities and capabilities of Kermanshah, the existence of historical and cultural monuments such as, Taq-e Bostan, pillars, historic houses, museums, etc., the role of the center of handicrafts, cultural similarities with people living in Iraq and Turkey, culture, Beliefs and customs as tourism potentials of Kermanshah have four characteristics (VIRO) and in fact, this feature is the most strategic fit with macro variables affecting tourist attraction and urban competitiveness through tourism in the city of Kermanshah. Among the major influential variables of the Corona pandemic, the existence of sanctions against Iran, climate change and natural disasters and lack of funding, have the greatest impact on the urban competitiveness of Kermanshah. According to the sources and macro variables, a strategic fit map was drawn and appropriate solutions were provided.

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Coastal environmental degradation as a result of Caspian Sea water level fluctuation are very probable and human behaviors in non-optimal choice of the land use locate intensify these losses. Coastal tourism, as one of the coastal land uses is heavily influenced by fluctuations in sea level in both marine transgression-regression statuses. In current study, to investigate the Caspian Sea water level fluctuation impacts on coastal land use and urban tourism (Noor and Royan Cities), at first, sea level historical recorded data in Baku, Bandar Anzali and Nowshahr tide gauge stations were studied during 1840 to 2019. Landsat and Sentinel-2 satellite images and histogram filtering were used to extract the shorelines corresponding to the mentioned levels. Survey the tide gauge data showed that the lowest and highest water levels were recorded in 1977 (-28.5 meter) and 1993 (25.24 meter), respectively. According to the latest water level data, its value on November 2019 has reached the lowest level in the last three decades (-27.31 meter). 214 hectares of coastal lands of Noor and Royan Cities have been submerged due to the Caspian Sea water level rising from 1977 to 1995. Analyzing the Royan city land use in relation to the shoreline of July 1995 shows that 11 city blocks have went beyond this shoreline and have expanded to the sea. Interesting facts about these 11 blocks is that they are residential and tourism land uses. Also, in the coastal zone of Noor city, three important utilities of coastal tourism, including groin built in the breakwater of Noor recreational port, Negin Noor coastal complex and floating pier of Aryan Hotel, are the most important utilities related to Caspian Sea water level fluctuation that their performance is strongly influenced by these fluctuations.

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Abstract
Due to the increasing importance of tourism, determining the location of Bojnourd is an inevitable necessity. The city of Bojnourd has been affected by this phenomenon by having special capabilities and opportunities for tourism in different economic, social, environmental and physical dimensions. The present research is of applied type and is a descriptive-analytical research method. SPSS, AMOS and Expert choice software were used to analyze the data. The statistical population of the study is the citizens of Bojnourd. The sample size was calculated to be 384 people using the Cochran's formula and was randomly distributed in Bojnourd. Research findings show; With 95% confidence, tourism development has affected the urban development of Bojnourd.
Also, among the variables explaining urban development, the growth of cultural services with a factor load of 0.67 had the highest correlation with the hidden variable of urban development. The index of development of infrastructure and construction facilities and services with a factor load of 0.66 is in the second place and the variable of improving the livelihood of residents with a factor load of 0.56 is in the next place. Finally, the index of increase in public services has a factor of 0.52 and has the lowest correlation with its hidden variable. The results of the structural model also show this Tourism has played an important role in the urban development of Bojnourd.

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Recognizing the benefits and advantages of tourism development has created a kind of competition to attract these benefits among cities. To achieve these benefits, urban policymakers have focused on new tools in their planning strategies and taken steps to use new concepts such as branding goals. Such conditions have made the position of destination branding as an influential factor in the development of urban tourism important and vital. Urban branding is a powerful tool in the hands of governments to attract visitors and investors and thus economic growth and prosperity. Of course, it should be noted that establishing an urban brand strategy is not an easy task. The most important problem in relation to tourism and urban branding is the tourism infrastructure and socio-cultural identity of today's cities, which affects tourism destinations. The purpose of this study is to develop the brand of Zanjan city with a focus on tourism destinations. In this regard, using a set of quantitative and qualitative tools and questionnaire and interview tools, an attempt was made to introduce a city brand appropriate to the identity and tradition of Zanjan. Based on this, the urban brand "Zanjan, the pristine city of culture and religion" was selected as the tourism brand of this city, and finally suggestions and policies were presented to promote tourism in Zanjan. The results and achievements of this research lead to providing a sustainable model for the establishment, promotion and protection of the tourism brand of Zanjan city and middle scale cities.
 

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Undoubtedly, the development of tourism in any region requires a precise identification of the area and the provision of facilities and services needed by tourists, which is essential for the purpose of planning at all levels in order to achieve the successful development of tourism. This research deals with the pathology of service provision and prioritization of tourist destinations in terms of tourism potential in Zanjan province. The research was a combination of qualitative and quantitative, which was the method of collecting information in the form of interviews and questionnaires. In order to analyze the interviews from MaxQuda, the hierarchical analysis model was used to evaluate the criteria and the geographic model was used for the geographical distribution of tourist destinations. According to the findings of the research, Zanjan province, despite having suitable capacities for tourism, suffers from many problems such as lack of facilities, instability in policies to improve the quality of tourism services, and lack of management and planning in tourism development, and has not yet enjoyed proper progress in this field. The low general level of services and inconsistency in planning and different views on tourism are the two main problems of the tourism services sector in Zanjan province. But according to the geographical distribution, tourist destinations: Soltanieh dome, gen chimneys, Angoran mine, Oljaito ecotourism resort, Soltanieh ecotourist resort, boutique hotel, Zulfaqari mansion, El Daghi, Seyed Mohammad bridge, Zanjan Jame Mosque, Khedevi house, colorful mountains in the first cluster This means that the tourist destinations in question are surrounded by high capabilities and more population, which should be placed as priority areas in the planning and development of services.
 

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Investigating the awareness of the local community towards the development of ecotourism is very important and necessary for future planning. Ecotourism in any region affects the lifestyle of local people and their economic-cultural conditions. On the other hand, ecotourists are also influenced by the culture of the host society and its values. Therefore, this study examines the local community's awareness of supporting ecotourism development in Damavand City. Due to the preservation of unique biological diversity, climatic conditions, and the frequent visits of tourists and ecotourists to this region, the local community needs to know about ecotourism, which made this research necessary. The target community of this study is the local community of residents of Damavand city. Therefore, using Cochran's formula, the sample size was estimated to be 384 people. The data was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, which was used to determine its validity, in addition to seeking opinions from experts (face validity), convergent validity was used. To calculate its reliability, Cronbach's alpha method and composite reliability were used. The results of the inferential statistics that were conducted using confirmatory factor analysis (Smart PLS software) showed that the four components of the research (local community awareness, economic poverty, cultural poverty, and ecotourism development) have homogeneity and reliability, and the awareness of the local community It has a significant relationship on the development of ecotourism with the mediating role of cultural poverty with the test statistic value of 4.195 and economic poverty with the test statistic value of 5.397. The results showed that the awareness of the local community on the development of ecotourism with the test statistic value of 2.032 indicates the low level of awareness of the local community towards the development of ecotourism

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According to WTTC (World Tourism and Travel Council) forecast tourism contribution of global GDP will be about 6000 billion dollar in 2020 and will create 300 million job Therefore, Tourism could be considered as multidimensional field that response to tourists needs with diversity interests and motivations. Shopping is the most necessity needs and it is the one popular activity for tourists. Border regions facilitate this activity because they have two potentials: appropriate geographical situation and non-favorite economic condition for host community. One of the best and most popular border cities in Iran country is Baneh that placed in the west boundaries between Iran and Iraq country. Region’s Economy  extremely depends on tourism shopping and majority of the host community directly or indirectly involved in that bussiness. Therefore, we can connect tourist's satisfaction with welfare and/or economical condition improvement. As, if it realize positively, region will develop in close future. This paper aims to evaluate performance of factors influencing tourists overall satisfaction in the Baneh border city due to important of development issue. Here, factors divided into two categories: shopping factors and tourism environmental factors. This research has followed a practical object, a descriptive approach with Field- Survey type in the method. Statistical population included tourists who have traveled to baneh city to purchase mainly. Matching to Morgan's table 400 tourist as statistical sample have selected and the questionnaire give to them randomly. The tools for gathering were base on two method, early data (from the field- survey study) and secondary data (from the library studies).   An analysis of the results revealed that, in thematic destinations, in addition to factors related to specific Theme (Subject) that they were more influencing, The tourism environmental factors also can  influence on the tourist total satisfaction . In sumery, this research aims to examine amount of satisfaction factors impact on the overall satisfaction. Finally, suggestions for relevant governmental institutes are provided.


 

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Nowadays most of the countries have chosen the tourism as a development strategy for the rural areas. The Hajij village with worthy natural, cultural and anthropological heritage has known as a tourism destination in Kermanshah province and west of Iran. In this research, the effects of tourism are studied in this village. The methodology is descriptive-analytic method. The necessary data were collected through both library and field methods. The population of this study equals to 180 persons- based on Cochran Table- including the 130 residents, 15 local governors and 35 visitors were selected by simple random method. Research tools include a researcher made questionnaire which its validity was confirmed based on the collective opinion of the universities professor's and experts of executive organizations. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated at 0.867 using Cranach’s alpha test based on 20 pretesting. Data analysis was held by factor analysis in SPSS 21 software. The research findings showed that there are six main factors among 30 variables which interpret 70 percent of the variance of the tourism effects the most important is physical- facilitator effects. Moreover, the positive effects were %65.8 and the negative ones were %34.2 based on factor analysis.

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 Today, the resiliency of the human centers, especially urban centers against the natural hazards such as earthquakes, is one of the main challenges in the targeted management of urban. One of the effective strategies in the control, containment and prevention of risks from earthquakes is zoning of urban areas in terms of vulnerability. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to determine the zoning and seismic active zones in the urban area of Urmia city. The seismic – tectonic situation and recorded seismic data  surveyed in the current study. findings showed that there were seismic active zones in the Uremia city area. The seismic effects and geo-tectonic results Verified, so the results marked that local geology condition would be effective in earth motion. This research investigated the local geology features especially fault, geo units and seismic data in zoning of seismic risk. Many methods are proposed by different researchers. In this study the SABTA (1987) method has been used for estimating seismic risk by using most important parameters such as seismic, fault and geology data. The obtained results showed that the P.G.A measure variation was from 0.035 to 0.33 which indicated the existence of seismic activity in the study area.

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Migration is among important issues that less developed and developing countries have confirmed during the recent five decades. This issues in Iran has attraced a lot of researcher and planner views. Irregular and increasing migrations have created a lot of consequences for cities and the target settlements, social effects of migration on the cities is among such consequence these, in this project, ethnocentrism, linguistic diversity and conformance quality are considered among the city's residents. This issue has been studied in Takestan Qazvin. For illustrating the issue, theories of Michael Todaro, Edward Sapir, Benjamin Whorf and William Samner have been used. The research has been done according to library methods (documents) and field methods (special for questionnaires and measurement).In addition to confirming the questionnaire by the experienced faculties, its reliability has been obtained in accordance with Cornbrash’s Alpha coefficient by 82,2 percent and the SPSS software is used for analyzing and processing. The result obtained by analyzing questionnaire filled in by 400 people that the number has been chosen according to Morgan's Table, and the people have been chosen randomly, shows that there is a meaning full relation ship between ethnocentrism and linguistic diversity with development of the city. 

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A most important part of the world’s tourism activities is based on the use of nature and areas having valuable natural potentials. one most considered in this regard the aim of this research is priorititing the affecting factors on development of ecotourism in villages of Barzok district. As a need for tourism planning. The research method is descriptive – analytical And Results are combined using ANP and DEMATEL methods. MATLAB and Super Decisions software used for Results analysis. The results show that among the 17 criteria participate of local and regional investors and giving respansibilitis of Assignment, Tourism organizating and managment to local people have the highest score and stand in the first rank. Visiting tours, especially during Rose water production and during growing season of Medicinal Plants and the use of local and interested people as a tour leader and stand the second and third respectively.

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حذف شدیک جمله Identify water resources management and proper application of relevant officials and managers are the main concern. Groundwater as a most important natural resources of Iran needs to planning and management of all aspects. In this regard, a study done of the Shaharchay river basin in the west of the Urmia Lake and the northern structural, sedimentary zone of Sanandaj - Sirjan. The aim of the study is to identify areas where the water table is higher in groundwater. To achieve this, an interpolation of (IDW) water level underground of Shaharchay by using the data of piezometeric well, then matching results with the position of faults and available tectonic seismic data. fractures were checked and the role of basin natural characteristics such as slope, lithology, soil type, ages of Geological, precipitation and landuse on groundwater level fluctuations were checked as well. Investigations show 4 different patterns of movement of groundwater in the basin area. Except of fault, other criteria alone are not much of a water table. The results show that the the western part of the water table is located in a very low of ​​zoning , which has very high mountains with high slopes, high rainfall, no fracture Quaternary and pasture. Eastern part of the basin is located in the area of ​​medium and high underground water level only a part of the shores of Urmia Lake in this zoning has a very high water table. With very little gradient, local average precipitation, high permeability, active Quaternary faults, the garden and the city landuse. But the center of the basin zoning was very high with very low permeability, high slope, average precipitation and mixture of garden, forest and grassland usages. basin center located on high seismic intensity zone and density Quaternary faults. only because of the high level in the basin center of Silvaneh are active faults and a high intensity tectonic seismic.
 

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