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Today, due to the conditions of globalization, branding of cities is very important due to the tourism potential and most areas with planning in this area try to further economic development and deprivation through tourism. In this study, the research strategy is deductive and its purpose will be practical. The required data and information are from library resources and survey (questionnaire and interview) of experts. The meta-swat technique is based on an inside-out approach and a resource-based perspective and provides competitiveness to cities and regions. The city of Kermanshah has high capabilities to attract tourism in order to be urban, regional and global competitiveness. The findings of this study show that among the capabilities and capabilities of Kermanshah, the existence of historical and cultural monuments such as, Taq-e Bostan, pillars, historic houses, museums, etc., the role of the center of handicrafts, cultural similarities with people living in Iraq and Turkey, culture, Beliefs and customs as tourism potentials of Kermanshah have four characteristics (VIRO) and in fact, this feature is the most strategic fit with macro variables affecting tourist attraction and urban competitiveness through tourism in the city of Kermanshah. Among the major influential variables of the Corona pandemic, the existence of sanctions against Iran, climate change and natural disasters and lack of funding, have the greatest impact on the urban competitiveness of Kermanshah. According to the sources and macro variables, a strategic fit map was drawn and appropriate solutions were provided.

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Natural disasters, which are part of the process of human life and their number and diversity are increasing every day, are a major challenge to achieve sustainable development of human societies. Hence, the prevailing view of focusing solely on reducing vulnerability to increasing resilience to disasters has shifted. The purpose of this study is to explain the components of urban resilience against natural hazards with emphasis on floods in Behshahr. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and in addition to documents and library studies, a questionnaire was used to collect information. The statistical population of the present study includes two groups of citizens living in the neighborhoods around the four rivers of Behshahr. After collecting field information that was completed using a questionnaire tool, from SPSS, MINITAB and PLS software and using multi-criteria decision making (SAW) methods to investigate the situation and explain the components of urban resilience in Against natural hazards such as floods and GIS software was used to zoning areas based on flood resilience. The results show that among the dimensions of resilience, the economic dimension has the highest weight and is in the first place and the physical, infrastructure and environmental dimension has the lowest weight and is in the last place. Neighborhoods around the rivers of Behshahr city are ranked based on flood resistance status, which shows that Shahed neighborhood is in the first place and Borzoo neighborhood is in the last place.
 

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of destination image and service quality on the competitiveness of tourism destinations studied: Tabriz city was written. This research is applied in terms of purpose and analytical in terms of descriptive method. The statistical population consisted of incoming tourists to the city of Tabriz, the sample size of which was estimated to be 384 using the Cochran's formula for an unlimited population. In order to collect field information, a researcher-made questionnaire was used, the validity of which was confirmed by experts. Cronbach's alpha method and combined reliability were also used to evaluate the reliability, and the results of these tests confirmed the reliability of the questionnaire used. In order to analyze the data and information of this research, SPSS and LISREL software were used. The results of the research hypotheses showed that the destination image and service quality have a positive and significant effect on the competitiveness of tourism destinations. According to the path coefficient obtained for these two independent variables, the effect of the destination image variable on the competitiveness of tourism destinations was higher than the quality of services.

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 many geomorphic landforms have fractal structures and their formation and transformation can be explained by mathematical relations. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the fractal behavior of landforms of macro geomorphologic regions of Iran,as well as studying and analyzing topographic and landform characteristics based on fractal relationships, and also, analyzing the characteristics of dominant geomorphologic processes based on the theory of fractals. In this study, the contour lines of different landforms of Iran (according to the territorial types) including mountains,hills, plateaus, Plain Domains, Fan Breakout, fan alluvial, for pixel sizes of 30,90,200 m, were drawn and their fractal dimension was estimated by using the box-counting method. The morphometric characteristics of the landforms and their fractal dimensions with indexes (max, mean and standard deviation) related to the five variables (height, gradient, profile curvature and planar curvature of the metric) were analyzed by Arc GIS software at each layer.After investigating their correlation with the fractal dimension, the regression analysis was performed binary and the relationship between the fractal dimension,topography, landforms and processes was analyzed. The fractal dimension has the highest correlation coefficient with the gradient and the standard deviation indices, and the lowest coefficient with the profile curvature and the mean index Moreover, for larger pixel sizes, the correlation coefficient decreases between the indices and the fractal dimension.This research can provide a ground for further research on fractal geometry in geography, geomorphology, geology, environment and other Earth sciences.

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Coastal environmental degradation as a result of Caspian Sea water level fluctuation are very probable and human behaviors in non-optimal choice of the land use locate intensify these losses. Coastal tourism, as one of the coastal land uses is heavily influenced by fluctuations in sea level in both marine transgression-regression statuses. In current study, to investigate the Caspian Sea water level fluctuation impacts on coastal land use and urban tourism (Noor and Royan Cities), at first, sea level historical recorded data in Baku, Bandar Anzali and Nowshahr tide gauge stations were studied during 1840 to 2019. Landsat and Sentinel-2 satellite images and histogram filtering were used to extract the shorelines corresponding to the mentioned levels. Survey the tide gauge data showed that the lowest and highest water levels were recorded in 1977 (-28.5 meter) and 1993 (25.24 meter), respectively. According to the latest water level data, its value on November 2019 has reached the lowest level in the last three decades (-27.31 meter). 214 hectares of coastal lands of Noor and Royan Cities have been submerged due to the Caspian Sea water level rising from 1977 to 1995. Analyzing the Royan city land use in relation to the shoreline of July 1995 shows that 11 city blocks have went beyond this shoreline and have expanded to the sea. Interesting facts about these 11 blocks is that they are residential and tourism land uses. Also, in the coastal zone of Noor city, three important utilities of coastal tourism, including groin built in the breakwater of Noor recreational port, Negin Noor coastal complex and floating pier of Aryan Hotel, are the most important utilities related to Caspian Sea water level fluctuation that their performance is strongly influenced by these fluctuations.

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Extratropical cyclones according to the frequency, duration, and intensity, the major cause of mid-and high-latitude precipitation across the Mediterranean during winter and autumn. For this research using network data of ECMWF climatic variables with 6-hour time resolution and 0.25 × 0.25 spatial resolution from1979-2016 and were used of 4 Basin stations precipitation data from the Asfezari database from 1979-2016. The results showed that the first pattern is the Mediterranean trough pattern which has the highest frequency of 42%. In this pattern, the low-level due to the presence of a high-level that acts as a barrier have caused the deepening of the Mediterranean low-level and its axis extends to the Red Sea, and due to the collision of low-level and high-level on the region, instability is intensified and has caused the most rainfall among the patterns.  In contrast to the first pattern, The fourth pattern has the lowest frequency of 10% Which is the trough pattern of western winds which is located on the Caspian Sea but due to high-level in the south of the region has prevented the entry of low-level and is located in the northern part of the study area due to this, the isobar in the north of the region have become orbital as a result, fewer cyclones enter the area, resulting in less rainfall between patterns. The results also showed that the frequency of cold-core cyclones was 60% in winter and 40% in autumn, but the frequency of hot core cyclones was 62% in winter and 38% in autumn, which in winter, the frequency of hot core cyclones has increased compared to cold-core cyclones, while in the fall the frequency of hot-core cyclones has decreased compared to cold-core. In the last decade, both the frequency of occurrence of cyclones and their intensity has decreased compared to the last two decades. In terms of cyclogenesis places, the western part of the study area has always been active, And with the onset of the cold season from autumn to winter, cyclogeneses places are gradually becoming more active.

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Security complex represents a unique group of countries where the process of "security building" and "making insecure" or both for this group of countries are increasingly related with each other. In other words, their main security concern is so intertwined that their security problems cannot be solved independently. Thus conceived, "hydropolitic complexes" include those countries which are geographically the owner and from technical point of view, are the user of part of the shared river. In fact, a group of the countries which are considered to be part of a region due to their water resources (rivers, lakes and aquifers), would have no common geographical borders but their "national security" and "hydropolitic security" are so interrelated that their security and hydropolitc problems cannot be resolved without their cooperation. The methodology of current descriptive-analytic study focused on Mesopotamia and Hirmand drainage basins (in parts of Iran), is grounded on the hypothesis that in a hydropolitic complex in the same way that the threatening of water security of each one of the member states might lead to the threatening of national security of other members, some threats can be posed against the water security of each one of the member states due to the threatening of the national security of other members. The data required for this research have been collected using library sources (books, journals and internet). The results of this study showed that how hydropolitic security is endangered following the eruption of insecurity in Afghanistan. At Tigris and Euphrates Basin, the climate changes and Turkey's inattention to hydropolitic security of Syria (by closing the floodgates of the dams) provided the ground for the emergence of internal crisis in Syria, and its reverberations posed serious threats against the security of Turkey, Iraq and Iran.

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The occurrence of torrential rains in April 2017 in Lorestan province was a clear example of heavy rains that left very heavy damage to agricultural, urban, transportation and communications infrastructure. The purpose of this study is to investigate and reveal the relationship between the physical structure of clouds producing two waves of heavy rainfall in April 2017 in the Doroud catchment area of ​​Boroujerd. In this regard, the statistical characteristics of two precipitation waves on March 25 and April 1, 2019 were analyzed. The supernatural properties of the clouds producing these two heavy rainfall waves were investigated using the Madis superconductor product, MOD06. 4 Microphysical factors of generating clouds These two waves of heavy rainfall in the Doroud-Borujerd basin, including cloud peak temperature (CTT), cloud peak pressure (CTO), optical cloud thickness (COT) and cloud cover ratio (CF) were analyzed. Statistics of these two waves of heavy rainfall showed that in the first wave of heavy rainfall, ie the wave of March 25, 2019, (5 April 1398) 15% of the total annual rainfall and in the second wave, the wave of April 1, 2019 (April 12, 1398) 20% of the total The total average annual rainfall of the region was recorded in these two days. The results of analyzing the microphysical structure of the generating clouds of these two precipitation waves using the MODSI cloud sensor product data showed that the four microphysical factors of the cloud showed a significant spatial correlation with the recorded precipitation values ​​of these two heavy precipitation waves. The two factors of temperature and pressure of cloud peak, which show a vertical expansion of clouds in the area, showed a significant inverse relationship with the amount of precipitation in the basin, while the two factors of cloud ratio and cloud optical thickness have a direct and significant spatial correlation with values. Recorded rainfall showed. The results of this study showed that in these two events of heavy rainfall, a significant and strong relationship was established between the microphysical structure of the cloud and the amount of rainfall recorded in the region.
 

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Considering that more than one third of energy consumption is related to residential areas, proper planning and design of neighborhoods according to the climatic conditions of each region can be an effective step towards reducing energy consumption. It aims to optimize energy consumption in the residential blocks of Rushdieh neighborhood in Tabriz. Investigating and understanding the energy consumption situation in Rushdieh neighborhood of Tabriz, its capabilities and bottlenecks in planning is very important, if they are not paid attention to and there are no efficient strategic plans, it will lead to an increase in social, economic and environmental instability. According to its nature, the research method is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. It is related to the intended goals of the research, the statistical population of the research is the professors, experts and elites of urban planning, which has been used to examine the indicators and strategies. The method of selecting people was targeted and snowball. Finally, the results showed that the formulation of policies, practical measures to improve the design of main roads and local accesses in the direction of neighborhood air conditioning should be emphasized as the most important strategy. In order to reduce energy consumption, the development of neighborhood design policies and residential blocks with the goals of using wind energy to reduce energy consumption have been placed in the second and third ranks of this prioritization, respectively.

 

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. All the interested and influential forces are in the administration of the cities and also respond to all the needs of these groups. On the other hand, women, as one of the main and most influential groups and social forces in the civil life of cities, today have a prominent role in the categories related to city administration. Therefore, the purpose of this article is the role of good urban governance in the corona and post-corona period, considering the position of women in Semnan. From the point of view of the goal, the present research is practical and according to the method of data collection, it is descriptive-survey. A questionnaire was used to collect the data and information of this research. The statistical population of the current research is the citizens of Semnan with a population of 185,129 people, and the sample size is calculated using Cochran's formula to be equal to 383 people. To analyze the data, single-sample t-tests and multivariate linear regression were used, and finally, to generalize the results from the sample to the statistical population, the structural equation modeling method was used by Lisrel software. The results of the one-sample t-test have shown that the t-values for each of the research variables with averages lower than the theoretical mean have been obtained as a negative number, which has determined the state of the dimensions of good urban governance in the city. Semnan and the position of women in it is not in a good position. Also, the results of structural equations in Lisrel software have shown that the justice variable has the highest and strongest relationship with good urban governance. Finally, the results of the surveys show; It is not possible to hope for the realization of good urban governance without defining and explaining the practical role of women as half of the city's citizens and one of the most important and influential groups in the administration of city affairs.

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In order to evaluate the thermal comfort conditions in the classroom, a field study was conducted in Sabzevar. Students' thermal sensations of class conditions were recorded at different hours of the day during the 2009-2010 academic year for different classes. At the same time, the temperature and humidity values of the classes were collected by a Data logger. To examine the differences, ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis methods were used. The results showed that the location of the classrooms in terms of geographical direction and building floor did not make a significant difference in the temperature and humidity, while the hourly differences of these parameters were significant.
In general, the responses related to the sensation of cooling had higher percentages than the state of heating (24% vs. 12%).
The thermal sensation in different months showed significant differences and the month of October had the lowest frequency in the feeling related to thermal comfort. In all months, except for October, the students' preferred was "heating". Although the performance of the heating system has been assessed as adequate, the operation time of this system should be done at a shorter distance from the start of morning classes to avoid wasting a significant portion of energy.
Although the temperature and humidity inside the classrooms did not show a significant monthly difference, but in terms of students' thermal sensation between different months, there was a statistically significant difference, therefore, the thermal sensation is something beyond physical characteristics (temperature and humidity) and In addition to being affected by climatic parameters, it is also strongly influenced by individual characteristics (sex, age, weight, height, clothing and activity level).

 

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Many sports consumers are concerned about environmental issues and have expressed interest in buying green products. However, the actual sale of green products is still not as expected. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of environmental factors (attitude, concern and sense of environmental responsibility) on the purchase intention of environmentally friendly sports consumers. The present survey study collected information from 384 Iranian students using a seven-point Likert electronic questionnaire with 27 questions. The samples were selected using simple random sampling method. A total of 390 questionnaires were returned, of which 384 were approved. To analyze the data, PLS software was used for the reliability and validity of the model and to test the hypotheses of the structural model. The results showed that environmental attitude is an important driver of consumers' green purchasing behavior. Also, a statistically significant relationship between environmental responsibility and green purchasing behavior was obtained. But there was no statistically significant relationship between environmental concerns and green purchasing behavior. In addition, the relationship between individual green values with environmental attitude, environmental concerns, environmental responsibility and green purchasing behavior was statistically insignificant. For this purpose, companies can create a suitable image of environmental responsibility for their products in the minds of customers through appropriate strategies in the branding of their products, which makes them benefit from the support of customers who want to buy environmentally friendly products.

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The historical area of the cities is a valuable architectural and physical heritage and a manifestation of the cultural, economic and social aspects of the people who lived in this part of the city in historical periods and recorded its cultural identity. These areas have witnessed the decline in urban development and the few actions regarding their improvement or reconstruction have not been acceptable. advance The purpose of this research is an analysis of urban regeneration in the historical (old) context of Dezful city. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical and survey. The statistical population of the current research is all the residents of the historical context of Dezful city, which according to the latest census of Iran Statistics Center, has a population of 29,277 people. In order to reach a reasonable sample size, 384 samples were determined using Cochran's formula and randomly selected in a stratified manner. The main tool of data collection in the current research; It is a questionnaire, but due to the specialization of the questionnaire, interview and observation methods have also been used in order to complete the questionnaires. The results of SWOT and QSPM models show that the first two of the five final strategies for re-creating the historical context of Dezful belong to offensive strategies. In this way, the study and design of the possibility of creating footpaths in the historical context according to the increasing desire of the people for cultural and historical tourism and the use of the border area of the Dez river for the development of green space and the design of the green corridor along the river and the historical context can be considered as important. proposed the most aggressive strategies.

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In this research, the most important synoptic patterns of widespread snowfall in the eastern half of Iran have been investigated. For this purpose, the current weather code data and snow depth of synoptic stations in the eastern half of the country during the statistical period of 1371-1400, for the months of October to March, were received from the country's meteorological organization. In order to investigate widespread snowfall, the days when more than 70% of the studied area saw snowfall at the same time were extracted as a widespread day. In order to perform synoptic-dynamic analysis of widespread snowfall in the eastern half of Iran, the classification method using cluster analysis was used and the maps of the representative days including atmospheric temperature, moisture flux, geopotential height, vorticity, front formation, jet stream, omega index and orbital and meridian wind data were drawn. Trend analysis was also performed using the Mann-Kendall test. The results showed that 3 patterns justify the snow cover in the studied area. These patterns are: high pressure in Siberia and central Europe-low pressure in eastern Iran, high pressure in western Iran-low pressure in Sudan, high pressure in central Europe-low pressure in eastern Iran and Afghanistan. In all the patterns in the middle of the atmosphere, the intensification of the meridian currents of the western winds along with the formation of high pressure and low-pressure centers has caused blocking in the path of the western currents and has provided the conditions for the ascent of the air. The concentration of the negative omega field and the relative positive advection, along with the location of the northeastern region of Iran in the left half of the outlet of the Subtropical Jet, have caused severe instabilities and widespread snowfall in the region. Also, the results showed that despite the absence of a trend in the number of snow days in the northeast of Iran, the number of snow days has decreased over time.
 

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One of the climatic characteristics of temperature is the occurrence of extreme temperature. In the present study, the trend of hot days with extreme temperature associated with the coastal plains of the Persian Gulf was investigated. Two environmental and atmospheric databases were used. Environmental data include the average of daily maximum temperature reported from 12 synoptic stations in Persian Gulf coastline (Khuzestan, Bushehr, and Bandar Abbas Provinces) from 1961 to the end of 2018. The extreme temperature for each day temperature was defined to be higher than the average of 75th percentile of the observations at each station and on the same day. Also, the ‘day with extreme temperature’ was applied to a day when the extreme temperature occurred in at least 50% of the stations. The number of hot days with extreme temperature in the study is 554 days, of which 291 days occurred in the warm season and 263 days in the cold season. These days were classified into six groups by performing cluster analysis on sea-level pressure in hot days. Then, for each group, the trend of hot days was examined. In general, it can be concluded that the slope of the line in all groups except the fourth and sixth groups were positive and, as a result, hot days with extreme temperature were increasing.