The aim of this study is to identify the spatial distribution of Vertically Integrated Moisture Flux Convergence (Vertically Integrated) Moisture Flux Convergence) on Iran’s atmosphere. To achieve this aim, the monthly ECMWF gridded data used during the period from 1/1979-12/2013. First, based on the specific humidity content in the atmosphere, troposphere divided into three layers (850-1000hPa), mid (700-775hPa) and upper (500-600hPa). In order to achieve VIMFC spatial variations on Iran, spatial self-correlation methods   of globular moron and hot spots used at 90, 95, 99 and 99/99 percent significance levels. The results of this study showed that the spatial distribution of VIMFC in Iran during the first layer of troposphere and especially during warm months of year has a high cluster pattern and in cold months of the year and in the third layer of troposphere cluster pattern decrease. Based on the hot spots index in the first layer of troposphere low height regions, in the second layer of troposphere the  high regions of the Alborz, zagros and central mountains and in the third layer of troposphere alpine regions of central and eastern Iran's mountains has positive spatial self-correlation (hot spots). The results show that in winter and autumn during the second period (1999-2013), the range of hot spots of the VIMFC show a significant reduction compared to the first period (1979-1998) on Iran.

Groundwater resources are important part of the sweet water available to humans. The present study studies and evaluates the quality of water resources of karstic basin of Roein Esfarayen. For this purpose, sampling of water from water sources was carried out and groundwater quality of the area was evaluated in terms of drinking, agriculture and industry using Schoeller, Wilcox and Langelier diagrams, Water Quality Index( WQI) and groundwater quality index (GQI). According to the results of the analysis of the samples taken and the relevant charter diagrams, most of the water sources in the area were in the good category for drinking. The results of the Wilcox diagram showed that only S7 (Springs of Zargara), S6 (Springs of Sarang Zwucha) and S20 samples (rivers at the basin outlet) had saline water but could be used for agriculture and the rest were suitable for agriculture. The water quality table of the region's springs in terms of industrial use also showed that all of the water samples of the region except the Springs of Sangvah, which contains sediment-bearing water, have corrosive properties. The WQI index is also indicative of the quality of all samples taken in drinking water, and only the surface water of the basin outlet whose WQI is above 50 is in good condition. Location and quality zoning of drinking water from the GQI index was also carried out. The GQI quality index in the region varied from 93.42 to 95.87 in the region. Therefore, it can be said that although the minimum quality of samples is related to surface water of the basin, but this quality value is also in the appropriate quality category. Therefore, in total, all the water resources of the study area are in the category of quality in terms of drinking water standards

A new urbanism theory has emerged in recent decades in response to numerous urban problems of the twentieth century, with the goal of creating vibrant, compact, diverse and desirable cities in terms of work, walking, life, and transportation options. In view of the widespread acceptance of this theory among the Iranian researchers, the aim of this study is to assess the sustainability of organic and planned neighborhoods in Mashhad based on the spatial-physical indexes of new urbanism. In this regard, two neighborhoods, Rah­Ahan (organic neighborhood) and the second phase of Rezashahr (planned neighborhood) were selected. This research method is descriptive- analytical and the mixed model of AHP and GIS has been used to assess the stability of two neighborhoods. Accordingly, the Sustainability Measurement Model was used as a hierarchy in the form of 7 physical-space indicators (type of road, pedestrian width, land use, area of lots, access to the center of the neighborhood, number of floors and access to public transport) . Tthe research results show that in Rezashhar, 68.43% of neighborhood area has moderate to high stability and 31.57%  of the total of the neighborhood area is the lack of stability, and in Rah­Ahan, 70.84%  of the total of the neighborhood has moderate to high stability and 29.16% of the total of the neighborhood is lack of stability. Therefore, according to the spatial indicators of the new urbanism, the neighborhood of Reza Shahr is more unsustainable than the old neighborhood of Rah Ahan. Therefore, this study shows the richness of traditional Iranian urbanization and the superiority of old neighborhoods. So, it can be said that traditional and organic urbanization is a more appropriate basis for applying the new urbanism approach and this approach can be used in the form of urban regeneration.

This study aimed to investigate the temporal-spatial and synoptic features of thunderstorms in southwest of Iran (Khuzestan, Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari and Kohkiluyeh & Boyerahmad Provinces) It was compiled using volatility indices during the period 1985-2015. Results of Frequency Analysis of Thunderstorms at Dezful Station with 479 cases the highest frequency and Ramhormes with 252 days had the lowest frequency. In terms of seasonal distribution, spring was the most abundant with 39%. On a monthly basis, April had the lowest frequency with 21% and August with only 2 cases. In terms of thunderstorms the highest frequency of thunderstorms with no thunder was 21 percent. Synoptic analysis: Most of the time there is a nave (at level 500) or low pressure in the west of the region, east of the Mediterranean Sea with its tabs clockwise. From the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, they entered the south, southwest, and west of Iran On the other hand, the high-pressure system on the Gulf of Aden in the east of the region is round in the clock It has injected moisture, especially at a level of 850 millibars. Interaction between the two systems over the course of the day, It has injected moisture from three sources of the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea and then the Persian Gulf into the rising systems of the region. The low-pressure counterclockwise movement of the eastern Mediterranean, Along with the high-altitude clock movement over the Gulf of Aden, it has injected moisture at levels of 850 to 700 degrees.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of urban resilience in the coastal cities of western Mazandaran province in peak travel conditions. Therefore, in terms of the nature of a descriptive-analytical research, in terms of purpose, it is an applied-developmental research based on survey and field methods. The method of collecting research data was based on the library method, documentation and field survey method (questionnaire tool). The study area is the western coastal cities of Mazandaran province (Noor, Nowshahr, Chalous, Tonekabon and Ramsar). One-way t-test was used to evaluate the status of urban resilience and its various dimensions. The sample cities are then compared and ranked with the Idas multi-criteria decision-making method based on the status of urban resilience and its dimensions. Excel, Spss and GIS software were used in the research stages. The final findings of the study, according to the general result of one-way t-test for the set of urban resilience dimensions, indicate poor resilience of coastal cities in the west of Mazandaran province in peak travel conditions. Also, according to the results of the Idas technique, out of five cities studied, three cities are in weak groups, ie "low resilience status and non-resilience". Therefore, the situation of urban resilience in the western coastal cities of Mazandaran province can be assessed as weak and undesirable based on the indicators of this study.

Urban neighborhoods are one of the vital elements of each city and the culture of urban residents is concealed in the texture and sinew of that .The advent of new technologies in urban life and percipitance of designers for construction of buildings led to reduce of fixation sense about their living environment and decrease social interaction. once the historical districts are regarded as symbols of security, comfort and authenticity of the residents, due to inefficiency and interruption of their structures, suffer instability and displacement of their residents.According to this, instability and displacement of inhabitants to districts of historical value are known as the main problem in these neighborhoods. The purpose of this study is to identify the effective factors of authenticity in historical textures of “Ferdowsi” neighborhood located in distrct 12 of Tehran by phenomenological approach.method. For this purpose, eight persons of  this neighborhood were selected by purposive sampling method were collected through questionnairs and profound individual interviews.After recording the interviews, they were implemented in Maxqda qualitative data analysis softwarethe data and analyzed by seven-based Colaizzi methods.Authenticity as one of the individual characteristics will have an effective factor in educating people to live as citizens in the external society and will have a controlling role on human behavior and performance in society. Therefore, preserving and protecting valuable historical monuments, buildings and places. In a neighborhood that is subject to the behavioral and functional characteristics of human beings, in addition to the permanence and sensory richness of the permanence and sensory richness of the space, it will be necessary to transfer originality from one generation to another.

Geographical studies on food categorized in five scales; global and transnational, national and regional, urban, rural and agricultural, domestic scales of food consumption and the individual as a consumer. Based on this categorization, the present study is placed within urban and domestic scales. By accepting that population of Tehran metropolis will definitely increase in future and regarding that based on systematic approach and limits to grow theory (Meadows, Randers, & Meadows, 2004), no growth in the world will continue forever. We must consider factors that limit the growth of Tehran, besides factors provoke development. One of the limiting factors is the natural and geographical potential of Tehran metropolis. For this research among qualitative methods in futures studies, we chose the scenario, because this method "make the future more real for decision makers to force new thinking and decisions". In the formulation of food consumption scenarios, due to the diversity of stakeholders, the challenges and the types of issues and ambiguities, the approach of the Global Business Network (GBN) was chosen. To analyze the key factors and identifying the key variables the structural analysis method and MickMac software was used. Based on two key variables, technology, and consumer responsibility, four scenarios were created, these are four scenarios: Smart eating scenario, McDonaldization of Society scenario, Food Geography scenario, and Community Eating scenario. In this study, four alternative food futures have been presented for Tehran. In these scenarios, both desirable and undesirable futures are clearly and accurately depicted. The geography of food scenario due to the neglect of the environmental capacities and natural and geographic potentials is the most unsustainable scenario for the future of Tehran. Without scenarios, thinking about the futures of food in Tehran is very difficult and even impossible. These scenarios can help us take into account possible futures in today's decisions. Although this article does not predict a specific future for food in Tehran, But, given the recognition and sensitivity of the events, it can be very useful for long-term decisions.

The purpose of this study is to determine and predict the effects of climate change on architecture using climate models. By clarifying the consequences of the impact of urban architecture on climate change while using the data of surrounding stations with library and field data methods. The climatic parameters of precipitation, temperature and relative humidity of the synoptic station of Miyaneh city during a full period of 32 years (2018-1987) and the possibility of climate change with the models in this city were examined and after obtaining the relevant data Climate change was predicted for the next 84 years through the GCM and SDSM microscale and the AR4 (2007) - HADCM3 (Run 1) - SR-A2 scenarios. In order to evaluate the effects of climate change on the comfort climate of the region, among the bioclimatic models used, the Tarjong model was considered for two periods of 16 and 42 years. In the next 84 years, compared to the last 32 years, the cold months of May, June, July and August will turn into pleasant heat, and in September, the heat will have a great impact on the skin, which indicates a warm climate in the next 84 years. Architectures must be considered.

Understanding the main components of the watershed water basin and analyzing their hydrologic behavior are among the key components of any planning and management procedures in the field of water resources engineering. Today, the need to use modern technologies in hydrological modeling of watersheds has been discussed more than before. The purpose of this study is the simulation of hydrological components in various land use categories in the catchment area of the Dez river basin. Since the tool used in the research is the SWAT model and the SUFI-2 algorithm, the database used include a range of input data. In order to determine the level of sensitivity of the model to the input parameters, global sensitivity analysis was performed. Then, by adjusting the selected parameters and using the observation current, the model was calibrated and validated for the periods 2007 - 1994 and 2013 - 2008, respectively. The coefficients of NS, R2, P-factor and R-factor confirmed the model's ability to simulate river flow in the studied basin. The results of the model showed that the areas with forest use share the highest contribution to aquifer nutrition, and the barren lands have the highest surface runoff. Surface runoff has the leading role in creating the main stream of the river and after that the main flow has been effective in this area. The forest use change to Agricultural lands and pasture will change the hydrological parameters of the basin, and the result of these changes will lead to the increase in the surface runoff, the reduction of nutrition of groundwater resources and the reduction of river basin water. The SWAT model can be used as a precursor model in watershed management studies.

Concerning the importance of urban network studies and the role of hierarchy system in population decentralization in metropolitan areas, this paper by using acknowledged indicators and Grade of Membership (GoM) model and using Combined Analysis method has tried to find the changes in urban hierarchy of Khorasan region during the period 1956-2016. The outcomes show that urban system in Khorasan region as the one in the country was afflicted with inconsequentiality by 1986. However, during the period 1986-2006, the urban network in Khorasan region tended to reach to an equilibrium. Nevertheless, it has gone toward an imbalance during the period 2006-16. The outcomes also depict that the models and indicators did not work coordinated. While some indicators (such as Herfindahl and Entropy indexes) showed that, there were an equilibrium among the urban network in the region, some other (such as Primate City and Centrality indicators) showed increasing centralization and inconsequentiality. Accordingly, the study used “GoM model” and “Combined Analysis method” for the final analysis. The GoM used three variables that aimed to make the model more reliable: The Prime City Indicator, the Centrality Indicator and Equilibrium Indicator. With this methodological novelty, the analysis of the hierarchical patterns represented in the model by the multiple profiles were closer to what could be understood as a "methodological ideal", difficult to be applied empirically due to the complexity of the subject, but included in studies theoretically based. As for future studies, which will seek to understand the hierarchical urban organization of other regions of the country and of the world, these indicators may be incorporated if adapted to the regional reality.

One of the most important and urgent issues of urban planning is the equitable distribution of facilities, services and accessibility of citizens at the urban level. Economic and commercial centers, including banks and financial institutions, are one of the most important economic sectors of cities and can be sustained. Social, economic, physical, and environmental impacts of neighborhoods. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of citizenschr('39') access to commercial land use in Ardebil neighborhoods. Therefore, the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population of the study is 44 localities of Ardabil city. Spatial statistics models, Hot Spot Analysis, and GIS software were used for data analysis. Finally, regression function in Idrisi Selva software was used to analyze the correlation between commercial user and population as well as to determine the relationship and correlation of this user with other service users. The results show that in Ardabil neighborhoods there is inequality in terms of overall business use. As a result, the neighborhoods have high commercial use weights and high concentrations of hot spots in optimum condition, including areas 3 and 5 from zone 2, zone 7 from zone 1 and zone 6 from zone 3. Also, commercial low weight blocks and low concentrations of hot spots, which include areas 8 and 11 from zone 2, area 11 from zone 3, are lower in urban sustainability. Finally, based on the results of the research, some suggestions have been made.

In the contemporary century, with increasing development of technology, one of the challenges of contemporary architecture is to find its relationship with the culture. New technologies from industrialized countries with developmental goals are imported in an uncontrolled process. In contemporary Iranian architecture, technology has had a serious presence in various fields. The main purpose of the research was to investigate the cultural transformation of contemporary buildings in Tehran according to the application of technology. Due to the variety of types of use, this study focused on official complex compared to the two periods before and after the Islamic Revolution.The research method used in this research is combined (quantitative-qualitative). First, the components of technology and culture in accordance with contemporary architecture in the office buildings of Tehran have been developed by qualitative research method, then by quantitative research method, the relationship between key factors involved and the share of each component has been investigated. To examine the hypothesis, the relationship of three variables of culture, technology and architecture has been identified. In this study, cultural developments have been evaluated in two dimensions: mental and objective components. The results show that the effects of metamorphosis have had the greatest impact on the objective components of culture, including individual and social strata.Finally, the issue of technology application in contemporary office buildings in Tehran with a culture-based approach has been proposed in the form of a strategic model that will lead to the correct application of technology in office buildings in Tehran.

Tourism plays an important role in rural development. Tourism while enhancing the rural development process through diversification of economic activities, maintaining social integrity, environmental protection, and positive spatial-physical changes in rural settlements can increase the quality of life in rural areas. Due to the importance of this issue, in the present study, the effects of tourism on improving the quality of life of rural settlements were investigated. The present research is descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose and method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire and interviews with rural households. The statistical population includes rural settlements on the shores of the Oman Sea in the south of Sistan and Baluchestan province, the two coastal cities of Konarak and Chabahar (N = 4855). Using Cochranchr('39')s formula and quota sampling method, 356 samples in 12 villages that had tourist attractions were selected as a sample. Descriptive tests, analysis of variance and path analysis model were used to analyze the data and answer the research questions. The results of analysis of variance showed that tourism has a good linear relationship with increasing the quality of life in rural settlements of Konarak and Chabahar. So that according to the route analysis model, rural tourism has different and favorable effects on economic, social, environmental and physical-spatial indicators and the value of p of all Lamda parameters in the above model indicates the confirmation of all regression relationships. Among the four dimensions, tourism development has had the greatest effect on the economic dimension of quality of life and the least effect on the social dimension of quality of life in rural settlements.

 As it can take an efficient step towards the preservation and sustainability of such lands due to the preparation, implementation, and reformation of criteria. In District 9 of Isfahan Municipality, mismanagement in the preservation of ecological lands has destroyed gardens and agricultural lands, and has caused the loss of social unity of neighborhoods. Consequently, the study of ecotourism management in this region is of great significance. For this reason, in this paper, a model for ecotourism management with an emphasis on urban ecological textures is provided for District 9 of Isfahan Municipality. For this reason, first, the Star method has been used as a model for interviewing experts and relevant municipal experts in Isfahan city management. At that point, with the help of library investigations and field assessments, and implementation of the grounded theory method, 3 dimensions, 10 categories, and 35 subcategories are extracted from the data gained from the interview. The main dimensions are urban texture management (with categories legislation, planning, management of resources and control and supervision), the ecological texture (with the categories: protection and development and improvement), ecotourism (with the economic, social, environmental and cultural categories).

Change in precipitation features is one of climate change outcome. Change in precipitation amount, especially in warm season, may influences climato-environmental phenomenon as well as human activity. In current research the decadal changes of monthly precipitation over the Caspian coast of Iran territory was evaluated. Accordingly, a large number of rain gauge stations (385 stations), where rainfall is measured painstakingly, have been used. these stations are under the supervision of Meteorological Organization of the country and Ministry of Energy. Since the original dataset pertaining to the precipitation prior to 1966 had noticeable missing values, and the data after 2016 were not accessible, a continuous time period from January 1966 to December 2016 was selected. From the daily precipitation of aforementioned stations contour maps were created using an ordinary Kriging method. The spatial resolution of these precipitation maps was 3 km * 3 km. Our finding showed that during the under investigation period the maximum gradient of precipitation moved from coastal parts toward mountainous area. Decrease in the area with high precipitation and increase in the low precipitation area is an other prominent decadal characteristics. According to the previous study, these changes might attributed to changes in systems which effect precipitation in the Caspian coast of Iran (northward movement in polar vortex, sub-tropical high pressure and cyclone truck). In addition, increasing temperature trends in the summer tend to decrease temperature spatial differences. Therefore, the convectional precipitation during summer has been decreased.

It is important to examine the effect of the tourist personality on the choice of tourist destination. In the meantime, using Hofstede's cultural model in analyzing the effect of tourist personality dimensions on the intention to visit through the perceived homogeneity variable greatly helps to understand this issue. In this research, the effects of femininity, masculinity, ambiguity, avoidance of individualism and collectivism on the intention to visit have been analyzed. This research is applied in terms of purpose and methodological in addition to descriptive and survey research. In this regard, 384 questionnaires were distributed among tourists from German, Japanese, French, Arab (Iraqi), Italian, Austrian, Chinese nationalities residing in five star hotels in Tehran. Structural equation index was used for data analysis. The results show that tourists prefer brands that match their perception of the destination brand. The findings of the study indicate that the personality dimensions of the tourist intent through the popularity of tourism destinations and the image of tourist destinations influence on the perceived homogeneity of the urban tourism brand and the masculinity of the tourism city brand; Perceived homogeneity of urban tourism brand is effective and femininity of tourism city brand does not affect perceived homogeneity of urban tourism brand. The results of this study indicate that Tehran has a masculine brand and people are selected to be masculine and to be collectivist and ambiguous. In fact, the results of the study showed that in selecting tourism markets for Tehran, one should look for tourism markets that are characteristic of the Hofstede model in terms of masculinity, ambiguity and collectivism, as well as the development of tourism spaces for women.