Showing 178 results for ara
M Mohamda Poodineh, M Morteza Esmailnejad, S Sohrab Qaedi, Mohammad Ali Shirazi Kharazi,
Volume 21, Issue 61 (6-2021)
Abstract
The coastal are geographically diverse from important areas for attracting populations and economic activities, especially military ones. Understanding the natural environment's behavior on the coast can help plan and deploy military activities. Therefore, this study evaluates the role of natural factors (climate and geomorphology). For this purpose, the most important variables affecting the location of military activities are selected, and then the data of the weather stations of the region for a period of 30 years to create climate databases and layers of features of the earth's surface including slope, tilt, topography, etc., for The formation of natural databases was selected and organized in the GIS environment. Then, using decision-making methods (AHP, ANP), we evaluated the impact criteria in the locational process. Ultimately, using the Fuzzy Collaborative Model, the final map provided the best places to deploy military equipment and equipment on the coast of the Oman Sea. The results showed that more suitable locations are located in the eastern coastal strip and some western locations. However, scattered locations with the least vulnerability and non-operational basics can be found in the coastal areas in the final map.
Mr Arash Ghorbani Sepehr, Dr Afshin Mottaghi, Msr Zahra Ansari, Mr Morad Delalat,
Volume 21, Issue 61 (6-2021)
Abstract
The city of Tehran, based on the 1404 document and the comprehensive plan approved in 2007, is a global, sustainable and coherent city with a structure suitable for leisure and leisure as well as a well-informed urban community with appropriate infrastructure. In order to achieve such a definition, the mentioned documents include promotion of the role and position of Tehran in transnational, national and regional levels, economic development and prosperity of the city of Tehran, improvement of communication networks, environmental protection, active restitution and conservation of natural heritage , Historical and cultural city of Tehran, and the development of green spaces, public spaces, recreation and tourism are predicted. One of the most important areas that can be used to operate the above strategies is the urban tourism area in the Tehran metropolis. Therefore, the issue of competition in urban tourism is an important factor in the progress of all cities of the country in competing with each other and, as a result of the prosperity and prosperity of the country at the national level, and then in competition with neighboring countries and globally, will make rapid progress and attract much capital to the country. The main objective of the research is to study the political geography of competition in urban tourism. Seeking to reach the goal of this article, the statistical population of the study is the provinces of Iran, which Tehran province has selected as a case study. In line with the aim of the study, data related to tourist attractions were collected using the Statistical Yearbook of the provinces (Tourism Organization, Cultural Heritage, Governor's Office in 1395) and then TOPSIS and ARC map software were used to map the provinces.
Dr Mohammad Hosein Saraei, Dr Mohammad Reza Rezaei, Mr Mohsen Adeli,
Volume 21, Issue 61 (6-2021)
Abstract
The route optimization process is one of the analyzes that can be used when there is a constraint on resources and time, including post-earthquake conditions. In this research, this analysis has been used to solve the Travelling Salesman Problem. In this case, the goal is finding the shortest path between a set of points and the algorithm will try to minimize the transmission costs and target function. This paper due to target, is practical and developmental, due to doing method is descriptive and analytical and due to information gathering method is documental and surveying. In order to implement this problem, by considering to the strict scenario of accessing resources, two algorithms including the Ant Colony Optimization and Imperialist Competition Algorithm in the MATLAB environment with the Dijkstra algorithm in the GIS environment have been used. The view points of the model are areas that prepared to temporary post-earthquake settlement in Gorgan city and the spatial and temporal real-time distances in the urban network are used instead of Euclidian distances. The results of the implementation of the model have shown that the Ant Colony Optimization has performed the route optimization in two parameters of time and distance more effectively than the two dijkstra and Imperialist Competition Algorithm.
Sadegh Besharatifar, Kohdadd Mobinizadeh,
Volume 21, Issue 61 (6-2021)
Abstract
The present research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical and correlational. For data collection using documentary and field methods, using service and socio-economic indicators as well as using quantitative models and statistics models Space is in the year 1397. The purpose of the research is to analyze and evaluate the spatial inequalities in utilization of urban services in Abadan oil. The results show that the economically-socially developed districts and the distribution of urban services are mainly central areas around the refinery dependent on the oil industry, which are merely due to the dependence on the oil company employees and the support of the oil company and the standards and privileges required therein Most of the indicators are necessary and, in the opposite direction, the other parts of the city, which have been created organically as a result of the activities of the oil industry, lack or are deprived of the necessary facilities and services. From other research results, there is a positive, strong and significant relationship between economic and social development with the development of urban services in Abadan city, so that the existence of planned oil industry sectors that are both economically and socially progressive, both in terms of physical and service Planned areas and the existence of marginal areas, especially in eastern areas of Abadan, which are both socially and economically weak and vulnerable, and in terms of physical development, have been less concerned with urban management, the effect of this form of unfavorable and unfair distribution of indicators Urban services lead to some sort of separation And spatial inequalities been in Abadan
Farshad Pazhoh, , Mehry Akbary, Mohammad Darand,
Volume 21, Issue 62 (9-2021)
Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify the spatial distribution of Vertically Integrated Moisture Flux Convergence (Vertically Integrated) Moisture Flux Convergence) on Iran’s atmosphere. To achieve this aim, the monthly ECMWF gridded data used during the period from 1/1979-12/2013. First, based on the specific humidity content in the atmosphere, troposphere divided into three layers (850-1000hPa), mid (700-775hPa) and upper (500-600hPa). In order to achieve VIMFC spatial variations on Iran, spatial self-correlation methods of globular moron and hot spots used at 90, 95, 99 and 99/99 percent significance levels. The results of this study showed that the spatial distribution of VIMFC in Iran during the first layer of troposphere and especially during warm months of year has a high cluster pattern and in cold months of the year and in the third layer of troposphere cluster pattern decrease. Based on the hot spots index in the first layer of troposphere low height regions, in the second layer of troposphere the high regions of the Alborz, zagros and central mountains and in the third layer of troposphere alpine regions of central and eastern Iran's mountains has positive spatial self-correlation (hot spots). The results show that in winter and autumn during the second period (1999-2013), the range of hot spots of the VIMFC show a significant reduction compared to the first period (1979-1998) on Iran.
Arash Sadri, Mahmod Heidari, Arezo Bangiyan Tabrizi,
Volume 21, Issue 62 (9-2021)
Abstract
The city health, social and physical environment with all facilities that perform life activities with ease and efficiency makes possible. Urbanization, followed by its specific problems such as environmental degradation, water pollution, air, soil, increase mental illnesses and civil society more than ever threatened. This has led to today's urban design and urban management many challenges in the field of population, housing shortage, pollution and environmental degradation, social conflicts and provision of services and facilities infrastructure is facing. In this regard, the plan to create a healthy city public participation plays an important role in cities. In fact, a healthy city, city to realize a healthy person. The urban design approach and engage in healthy people. This cross-sectional study and data collection instruments and survey was conducted in two ways. According to the results, the neighborhood Shiite index of the five health (social, economic, environmental, health and culture) desirable standards Healthy City away in some areas also need to redesign and greater participation authorities and people in the neighborhood felt. The paper solutions to create healthy city with the participation of the people through the realization of indicators and metrics have reached a healthy city.
Mr Ahmad Zanganeh, Mr Tajedin Karami, Ms Roghayeh Yadolahisaber,
Volume 21, Issue 62 (9-2021)
Abstract
Assessment is one of the important methods in analyzing the accomplishment of Sustainable development and as one of the necessities of planning can identify potential and actual environmental effect that is emerged as a result of the construction and development and provides logical options to solve them. The purpose of the current research is to assess the environmental effects of multi-layer highways on the neighborhood. The research is applied In terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of nature. Moreover, this research is environment based and uses sustainable development in theory. In order to analyze the data, 8 neighborhood around the Sadr bridge (Tajrish, Gheytariyeh, Chizar, Zargandeh, Sadr, Rostam Abas, Ekhtiyarieh and Pasdaran neighborhoods) were chosen as the analyze unit. Assessment indexes were assed in term of social, skeleton, vision and health-hygiene, economic and ecologic and safety-security domains. statistical Qualitative and quantitative methods including one sample T test and Friedman test were used to rate the domains and spatial analysis methods (spatial statistics) were used to show the status of the neighborhood. We also used the TOPSIS technique and Iranian Leopold in order to rate the neighborhood in terms of environmental effects of multi-layer Sadr Bridge. Results of the assessment matrix showed that Sadr multi-layer project is confirmed by providing corrective options in activities with high and very high damage. Based on the research findings it was found that the neighborhoods around the Sadr multi-layer highway given the assed dimensions, each have a different susceptibility from the multi-layer Sadr Bridge. In this regard, the ecological and skeleton have the most susceptibility and the security each have the least susceptibility from the Sadr multi-layer Sadr bridge and in rating the neighborhood, Rostamabad had the most susceptibility and the Zarhandeh has the least susceptibility from the Multi-layer Sadr bridge.
Mrs Azadeh Atashpanjeh, Dr Mohammad Naghizadeh, Dr Zahrasadat Saeideh Zarabadi,
Volume 21, Issue 62 (9-2021)
Abstract
In today's urban planning, the paraphrastic processes of symbolic systems in the city, which aim to show the social and cultural meaning of the physical environment, have received less attention, and most urban contexts, regardless of significant and identifiable differences and similarities and the hidden values in the context and the patterns of traditional urban planning and architecture of Iran are formed, and this makes it important to analyze these processes. The object of this paper is to present a framework for considering change of semiotics system caused by factors affecting the urban identity and comparing these systems in the old and new textures of the city by layered attitude toward the city as a multimedia text. The research is qualitative and the method of research is descriptive-analytic analytic and Semiotics has been used as a tool and method for considering representations and analyzing the identity of the city. Studies in the old context relied heavily on documents and in the new context is field and the samples were studied in hot and dry areas of Iran.The results show that based on the study of representations in the symbolic system in the textual layers of the city form, the duality of meaning and identity of the old and new textures of a city over time indicate several main factors of change within the textual layers of the form of city, the rupture and duality in the human layer and change in the system of codes that affect the structure of the city form, which is manifested in the elimination, replacement or change of signs in the natural, social and artificial layers.
Zahra Hedjazizadeh, Aras Khosravi, Seyed Asaad Hosseini, Alireza Rahimi, Ali Reza Karbalaee Doree,
Volume 21, Issue 63 (12-2021)
Abstract
One of the most important energy sources in the world is solar energy, which is a renewable resource and does not cause any damage to the environment. Which all of these features justify using it as a clean energy source and economically viable cost.. Due to the relatively large area of the Iran in low latitudes and relatively dry climatic conditions, in terms of solar energy utilization it uses excellent conditions. Solar power plants are considered as power generation and transmission networks whose is important that the location features of their construction sites are effective in reducing the risk of investing in solar energy. In this study, using geographic information system and fuzzy valuation method for the criteria and method of weighing (AHP), was considered the potential of the Kavir & desert region and Makran coast for the purpose of obtaining energy from the sun. For this purpose, were used the 14 criteria related to the climatic, infrastructural, and technical and physical conditions of the area. In order to overlap the fuzzy layers were used the usual operators, Gamma, Product and also the Sum Weighted Overlay operator to compare and present the appropriate result. Each of the operators has a different sensitivity to the fuzzy overlap of the layers. For this reason, was considered the Gamma 0.9 operator, due to the high sensitivity for building power plants with high electrical power generation and the Sum Weighted Overlay operator, for the construction of smaller capacity plants. In the overlay map, using the Gamma 0.9 operator, about 2%, and in the overlay map with the weighted operator, about 33% of the study areas were found to be very suitable for the construction of solar power plants.
Farzaneh Madani, Afson Mahdavi, Mojtaba Rafiyan, Fatemeh Mohammad Niae Qaraee,
Volume 21, Issue 63 (12-2021)
Abstract
Spiritual-led urbanism is being structured as a new paradigm in urban planning. Social inequality, polarization, moral poverty, and a high prevalence of psychiatric disease are only part of the manifestation of the lack of attention to the issue of spirituality in the production of space. Indeed, the challenge of the contemporary city is the emergence of the process of personalization of space production and capitalization resulting from the dominance of the speculative model and its confrontation with identity and semantic structure. In contrast to these challenges, the discussion of spirituality in recent decades by prominent Harvard scholars has emerged as an interdisciplinary paradigm, embedded in a powerful stream of critical communication planning theory and requiring context. Therefore, the present article analyzes the theoretical field of research related to the paradigm of spiritual development in the production of urban space. This article is based on a combination and is meta synthesis. The statistical population of the study consists of 55 ISI and scientific-research articles in the period 2008-2019. In order to collect and data analyze, methods such as systematic review and open coding have been used. In this context, comprehensive form for summarizing and extracting data from selected research was developed which issues concerning public profile and the theoretical framework of the research. The research findings are presented in two parts: structural and content. The first section examines the general features of selected research, the unreliability of studies on the impact of spirituality on urban space production, and the second section elaborates on the theoretical framework of research on spatial spirituality. production of spiritual-
Yousof Parsamehr, Hosien Mohammadi, Faramarz Khoshakhlagh, Saied Bazgeer,
Volume 22, Issue 64 (3-2022)
Abstract
In this study, in order to study the base temperature (minimum temperature for plant growth) at the degree of growth day (GDD), which is one of the important parameters in calculating the degree of growth day, first, the data required for the 2009-2017 statistical period of wheat production at the station Sararood was taken from the station. Then, after sorting and separating growth different stages, using four methods of calculating the base temperature (1 - minimum standard deviation SDgdd day, 2 - minimum standard deviation SDAY days, 3 - regression coefficient per day CRday, 4 - CV coefficient of variation) was the most suitable method for calculating the base temperature of growth in different stages of planting to wheat harvesting. The results showed that the most suitable method is the minimum standard deviation in GDD, which The base temperature was obtained from germination to full reach for different growth stages, 5/8, 0/38, 1/8, 2/6, 0/63, 2, 3/7, 9/7, 8/6, 11 degrees Celsius. By comparing different methods of calculating GDD, the most appropriate of method was the general method of calculating the degree of growth day due to the most of similarity to the station data. The degree of growth day in different stages was calculated based on their base temperature and the results showed that the calculation of the base temperature at each stage of the growth of the wheat was very accurate for GDD calculation and a precise estimate of GDD was obtained.
Nahid Bagheri Maragheh, Mohammad Motamedi, Ezatollah Mafi,
Volume 22, Issue 64 (3-2022)
Abstract
Abstract
Explaining the relationship between resilience to natural disasters is in fact how social, economic, institutional and physical capacities affect the increase of resilience in societies. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the resilience of Shirvan city in the face of earthquakes in which the research method is descriptive-analytical and the statistical population includes experts in the field of urban resilience for this group of 30 people. First, the indicators evaluated to assess the resilience of Shirvan city in the face of earthquake hazards using the ANP model, which were questioned by experts and elites, were 25 indicators in 4 physical, institutional, cultural, social and economic criteria. Paired comparisons were performed. Findings showed that the rate of resilience in Shirvan is low in 65.4% of the city and high in only 19.2% of the city. In other words, in 17 neighborhoods out of 26 neighborhoods of Shirvan city, the rate of resilience in the face of earthquake hazards is low and only in 5 neighborhoods of the city the rate of resilience is high. Therefore, the final results of resilience in Shirvan are 19.2% of the upper city, 15.4% of the average city and 65.4% of the lower city. In general, the results indicate that the resilience of Shirvan is in an unfavorable and unfavorable situation and the rate of resilience in this city is low in the face of earthquake hazards.
Mr Jamaleddin Honarvar, Dr Sara Jalalian,
Volume 22, Issue 64 (3-2022)
Abstract
Housing, as the primary needs of mankind and providing his satisfaction, plays an essential role in improving the quality of life. In these conditions, the "home quarantine or social distance plan" is the only way to interrupt the transmission chain, this research seeks to examine the physical-social factors in the quality of today's homes (including a variety of species of housing) for long-term presence of humans in The conditions are quarantine. In this paper, we have tried to extract indices and components of the quality of different types of housing and the effect of each of the factors in the tolerance of quarantine conditions in different types of housing of Tehran. The method is based on applied purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical nature and comparative technique. The documentary and field method and a questionnaire were used to collect information. To analyze the data, single sample t-test and mean test and to study the normalization of data were used by colomogorov-smarinov test. The statistical population of the study includes residents of different types of housing in Tehran are 381 samples. Measurement of research indicators with Likert spectrum and with a assumed average of 3 and 3 indicators and 9 components and 49 measures. These indicators include physical, social, cultural indicators. According to the results, residential complexes have the highest level of satisfaction (mean 4.41) of physical-social factors in the quality of life of residents of different types of housing species in quarantine conditions. The level of social, physical and functional indicators in general for residential complexes show a better condition. By summing up these indices and the overall examination of physical-social factors in the quality of life of residents of different types of housing in terms of quarantine conditions; It was found that apartment housing has the lowest satisfaction (3.77) of social physical factors of their quality of life in quarantine conditions. At the end of research, suggestions for improving the quality of life of residents of different types of housing in quarantine conditions were presented with respect to physical-social dimensions.
Somaie Jahantigh, Dr Amir Karam, Dr Ezatollah Ghanavati,
Volume 22, Issue 65 (6-2022)
Abstract
Geotourism is kind of responsible tourism with the aim of socio - economic development and strengthening of the scientific tourism destinations and tourism geological locations that emphasizes the protection of the heritage of the land and people of Sciences. Requires the development of a geo-tourism destination is recognizing its value and capability concept and planning barriers and providing favorable to its management. Tourism zone of Tangeh Vashi in the city of Firouzkoh, with different geological phenomena and scientific and complementary values, is geotourism destination in local and sometimes national level. Therefore, in this study, using a variety of assessment methods geotourism area of land that was presented in 2015 by Brill. In this, steps were taken. Therefore, the optimum user Tangeh Vashi Tourism, Economic User scientific approach - protective. The results shows that in generally, Tangeh Vashi has suitable condition in educational and tourism values. Also, Risk of collapse in Tangeh Vashi is relatively high. According to the results, the optimal management of geotourism Tange Vashi, the powers of access and the center of the province's population and strengthening of the complementary and diversity of geological and strengthen tourism and the preservation interpretation capability along with the application the physical protection and promotion of scientific partnership rural and legal controls.
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Msc Taraneh Mirgheidari, Dr Behzad Rayegani, Dr Javad Bodagh-Jamali,
Volume 22, Issue 65 (6-2022)
Abstract
This study was conducted with the aim of providing a remotely sensed water quality index in Assaluyeh port using remote sensing technology. so, according to the region conditions, studying of scientific resources and access to satellite data, the parameters of heavymetals, dissolved ions, SST, chlorophyll-a and pH were selected. Then, by reviewing sources, the product MYD091km, MYD021km, MOD021km, MOD091km and level2 images of chlorophyll-a and SST of MODIS sensor were used after preprocessing operations. Also In-situ data were collected Simultaneously with the capture of satellite images in August 2014. Then, the relationships between the water quality parameters and MODIS data, with (R2) from 0.59 to 0.94 and (RMSE) from 0.07 to 0.1 were obtained. Next the images of the MODIS sensor from 2015 to 2017 were prepared and the models were applied to them, then the layers were standardized by fuzzy logic. Also time series of SST data from 2003 to 2017 were prepared and for each month the average pixel values were calculated and based on this, from 2015 to 2017, the variation of this parameter was standardized. Finally, an effective index for assessing the quality of coastal waters was provided by time series of satellite images and the waters of Assaluyeh port were zoned. The results showed that the water quality in 2015 and 2016 has shifted from poor to very poor status in 2017. Based on the results, with the development of a proposed index, in future studies a continuous assessment of environmental monitoring is possible.
Sara Dodange, Babak Hajikarimi, Mohammad Mehdi Mozafri, Kamiar Kavosh,
Volume 22, Issue 65 (6-2022)
Abstract
The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of social responsibility on emotional and behavioral responses of tourists after failure of services in four-star and five-star hotels. The research method is practical obgectively and descriptive and analytical methodology. The statistical population of the study was contained tourists who visited four-star and five-star hotels, and the sample size was estimated 384 people by the Cochran formula, sampling method was simple random. The data gathering tool was the questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. For investigating and testing of the research hypotheses was used structural equation modeling in the software environment, pls. The results of the research indicated that social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on loyalty, satisfaction and trust of tourists. In addition, findings showed that the satisfaction and trust of tourists have a positive and significant effect on their loyalty.
Vahide Nori, Afson Mahdavi, Fatemeh Mohammad Niae Qaraee,
Volume 22, Issue 65 (6-2022)
Abstract
The attachment to the place is the emotional relationship of the individual to the place, which is rooted in the person's past qualities and experiences that the place should be able to meet the needs and expectations of the individual, and also the place must meet the capacity to meet those needs and expectations. The attachment to the location is based on the cognitive, emotional, and functional interaction between individuals, groups, and physical-social location over time. The purpose of this study was to use the meta-analysis method to analyze the results of research on attachment to the place. In order to perform a meta-analysis, 75 researches were conducted in this regard. Among the 18 studies conducted during the years 2006-2019, in the field of attachment to the place were selected. In the first step, the evaluation of selected research, homogeneous assumptions and publication error was studied; accordingly, the findings indicated the heterogeneity of the size of the effect and the non-dominance of the published studies. In the second step, the coefficient of effect size was evaluated using the second version of CMA software. The results showed that the size of the effect or coefficient of influence of the identified factors is 0/376, which is evaluated according to the Cohen's interpretation system. Overall, the results indicate that the identified factors have a moderate effect on attachment to the location.
Alireza Vousoghi Amiri, Rojin Marzi, Mahsa Bashtam, Kiarash Pourhazhir Ardestani, Seyedeh Sepideh Ghalamro,
Volume 22, Issue 65 (6-2022)
Abstract
the aim of this study is to explain the impacts and impacts of organizations such as municipality on land use management in the tehran metropolitan area to determine and change land use patterns in documents and factors affecting them . because of the qualitative research approach and its type , the influence of organ and document content including land use projects in tehran was used . research findings show that land use management in tehran with conflicts in land use management , weakness in land use management , weakness in land use management system , weakness in land use management system , weakness in land use management system , weakness factor in land use management system , weakness factor in land use management system , informal and quasi - governmental agent and private agent are classified . finally , the change of land use change in tehran metropolitan area has been studied and challenges and opportunities are presented . the research method is analytical and by software soft ware and t - test .
Sogand Yousefi Azarabarghani, Hamid Majedi, Dr Zahra Sadat Saeideh Zarabadi,
Volume 22, Issue 65 (6-2022)
Abstract
The growth and expansion of the dispersed development pattern is one of the ways of settlement development that is shaped by a variety of factors, including urban management policies and approaches. Examine how the development of Tehran's metropolitan area has evolved over the last fifty years and what effective urban management policies and approaches have been and how it has influenced city development. This article deals with it. This research has been used because of the importance of the topic in a descriptive-analytical and practical purpose, based on library and documentary studies and in some cases field observations. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, three types of measurement models were used depending on the subject and variables of the study. In this regard, physical continuity in Tehran urban complex through Shannon entropy model, functional continuity through network analysis model (investigation of habitat and flow points and distribution and land use composition) and poor urban slope growth using Helder model The measurement is located. The findings show that: 1) dispersal phenomena have occurred in Tehran metropolitan area (Helderen and Shannon entropy model), 2) Tehran metropolitan area has been experiencing functional divergence (network analysis) and user distribution The services and services at the Tehran metropolitan level have not been uniform and balanced; and 3) the policies and approaches of urban management in successive years have had wide-ranging effects on spatial dispersal and unbalanced spatial development. Tehran's urban complex had.
Sahar Nasiri, Boroumand Salahi, Aliakbar Rasouli, Faramarz Khoshakhlagh,
Volume 22, Issue 66 (9-2022)
Abstract
Atmospheric circulation is important to determine the surface climate and environment, and affect regional climate and surface features. In this study, to quantify its effect, the classification system, developed by Lamb is applied to obtain circulation information for Ardabil, North West Province in Iran, on a daily basis, and is a method to classify synoptic weather for study area. For that purpose, daily mean sea-level pressure (MSLP) for extreme precipitation days from 1971 to 2007 is used to derive six circulation indices and to provide a circulation catalogue with 27 circulation types. The frequency of circulation types over different periods is computed and described. Five circulation types are most recognised in this study: E, SE, A, C and CSE. The catalogue and the associated indices provide a tool to interpret the regional climate and precipitation, and deal with the linkage between the mean extreme regional precipitations in north western of Iran and the large-scale circulation. Five circulation types E, A, SE, C and CSE are associated with high precipitation and rainy seasons (spring and September) but the most precipitation rate is resulted of cyclone family. Low pressure of north latitudes and central area of Iran with low pressure of gang from Pakistan and India. SE is almost dominant circulation type over the years. The cold season started from august to march is characterized by frequent directional flows, especially E, SE, A, C and CSE whereas in warm period (Apr–Aug) SE, NE, AE have smaller role, especially in July, August and September more frequent flows dominated by SE and E.
