Mr Hamid Fakhimzade, Dr Hadi Sarvari, Dr Mohamadhadi Mahdinia, Dr Mahdi Mahmoodzade Vashan,
Volume 24, Issue 72 (3-2024)
Abstract
A city requires city brand and appropriate strategies for beneficiaries, especially tourists; hence, city development plans can affect the type of city brand orientations. Accordingly, this study was conducted to identify the effective factors to design structural equation modeling (SEM). SEM was employed to rank the factors and find the correlation between them using Forner-Larcker Matrix. This was an applied-correlational study in which, data were collected through convergent mixed methodology, library study, questionnaire, and Semi-structured interviews. Birjand was chosen as the research field and a statistical sample was chosen at descriptive statistics using purposive and snowball sampling methods. Accordingly, 19 subjects were selected from urban experts, and 381 tourists were chosen at the quantitative step using simple random sampling. findings obtained from interviews implied that some points should be considered for the city branding of Birjand. The factors include the significant militarily and academic impact of Birjand on historical aspect and service-based economy of the city, cultural capitals, and the arts that are forgetting, immigration, and implementing the development-driving plans. The research model indicated that city development plans had the highest positive effects on the landscape and mental image regarding city branding plans. Moreover, According to the correlation between components, the highest relationship was between mental image and landscape (0.66).
Maryam Rahmani Lashgari, Alireza Estalaji, Azita Rajabi, Majid Vali Shariat Panahi,
Volume 24, Issue 72 (3-2024)
Abstract
Social sustainability today, as the most important dimension of sustainable development, has an important place in urban planning and its importance in planning is constantly increasing with the increase of social problems and divergence between neighborhoods in terms of performance and participation. Therefore, this requires more research in urban studies. This study was conducted to investigate the role of social participation in the development of social sustainability in neighborhoods. For this purpose, the significance of the significant effect of these two variables has been measured. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Data collection was library and field method. The statistical population of the study consists of a group of experts who were selected by the available method of 20 people as the sample size of the study. Data collection tool is a questionnaire based on theoretical foundations and studies conducted on a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis was performed using structural equations with the help of Emus software. The results showed that the social participation of citizens in neighborhoods with a coefficient (beta) of 0.732 has a positive effect on sustainable social development of these neighborhoods and the relationship between these two variables is significant. In other words, sustainable social development will be strengthened by strengthening social participation. And the variables of sense of belonging, satisfaction with the neighborhood, participation in neighborhood activities and trust also have a positive effect on the variables of social participation in neighborhoods.
Abolfazl Ghanbari,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
The Islamic City Councils as an important element of the urban management system as an institution, policymaker, decision maker, and legislator at the local level, have to be fully operational in order to fulfill their role of policymaking and oversight over all matters to be able to carry out policy and oversight tasks in all areas of the city and local organizations concerned. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to measure the effectiveness of city council performance in improving the process of sustainable urban management and development from the perspective of citizens in Tabriz metropolis. This study is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method and document studies and field surveys were used to collect data. The statistical population of the study is all citizens and residents over 18 years of Tabriz metropolis. According to the 2015 census, this city had a population of 1558693 people and 497898 households. Cochran formula was used to determine the number of samples from 327 subjects were selected. The data for the analysis of quantitative methods, descriptive and inferential statistics (one-sample t, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, regression and path analysis) were used. The results showed that the average index of the performance of Islamic councils is 2.76 and its T-statistic is -6.59, which shows the unfavorable performance of the city council and the performance of the Islamic Council of this city in district 9 (with an average of 248.80). district 8 (with an average of 239.38) and district 2 (with an average of 204.33) have been evaluated favorably compared to other regions. Also, the average of all indicators of empowerment of Islamic city councils in the field of empowerment of Islamic councils is lower than numerical utility 3 and their t-statistic is negatively estimated. Finally, the performance of the Islamic councils in the economic dimension (employment, income and investment) has had the greatest effect with an overall effect of 0.608 and the least effect in the physical dimension with an overall effect of 0.210 in the realization of sustainable development.
Keywords: City Council Performance, Urban Management, Sustainable Urban Development, Tabriz Metropolis.
Maryam Sanatgar Kakhaki, -Manouchehr Foroutan, Mohammad Mehdi Soroush, Sara Jalalian,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
Vitality is one of the main components in design, but it is a complex and multifaceted concept that overlaps in its physical, social and economic dimensions. Therefore, in this paper, according to the theoretical vacuum of this concept in architecture and considering its interdisciplinary nature, using the model of various types of communication and types of vitality, the fields of psychology and sociology were selected for comparative study of vitality. Then, by using the comparative method by juxtaposing the differences and similarities of vitality in the field of psychology and sociology with definitions in architecture and urban planning, as well as examining the difference between vitality and other similar concepts in architecture and urban planning, including quality. Life, viability, and sustainability were ultimately represented by the definition of vitality and the model of environmental vitality. Therefore, the present study was performed with interpretive paradigm, qualitative approach, comparative method and logic of deductive reasoning, which is explained in terms of theoretical purpose and type of results. The purpose of this study is to answer questions about the definition of environmental vitality, the appropriate approach to research on vitality, the appropriate scale of vitality research, the factors affecting environmental vitality and its evaluation methods.
Key word: Happiness, social vitality, comparative study, environmental vitality
The results of this study show that environmental vitality is a relative concept of place and time that cannot be specifically defined for the vitality of all places in all countries and in all time periods, but rather Factors must be identified locally according to location. Factors affecting environmental vitality in general include experimental and aesthetic, functional and environmental components. The impact of each factor varies according to the culture and local characteristics of the place, which is due to the collectivist culture. And the place of collective happiness in our country, paying attention to the factors of vitality that increase the social aspects of space, attracting and involving people, can be a way forward.
Azam Salehi, Masoud Pourkiyani, Mehdi Mohamad Bagheri, Sanjar Salajegheh,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
Every city, according to its assets, seeks to develop and consolidate its position at national, regional and international levels, since city branding is one of the most dynamic activities in the field of policy making in the present era, which plays an important role in sustainable development of the region and due to the increasing growth of city development in cultural, economic, environmental and etc. There is a need for a targeted and comprehensive planning to keep pace with sustainable development. Considering the development components and its impact on city branding indicators, this research deals to improve the development and city branding status in the province by examining their situation. The statistical population of this study consisted of two groups: the first group was experts with knowledge that the number of people in this population is uncertain and the sample size is 60 people. The second group consists of policy-making and senior managers, employees with higher education in Bushehr province with 37,751 people and the sample size has been determined by using The Cochran formula of 382 people. Data were collected through 4 questionnaires confirming their validity and reliability. To measure structures and relationships between them, structural equations with partial least squares approach and SMART PLS software have been used. The results indicate that at 95% confidence level, the city branding policy variable has a positive and significant relationship with the development model. Therefore, it is suggested that the policy makers and urban management should plan for the urban branding of the province and improve the development dimensions according to the relationship of the urban branding policy with the dimensions of development.
Key words: Model, Development, Policy, city Branding.
Hossein Sedaghat Nouri, Mohammad Reza Pourjahfar, Nader Zali,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
This study examines the criteria for sustainable urban development management in thriving cities around metropolises. Based on the content analysis method in examining the theories in this field, a special conceptual model has been developed that presents the role of various indicators affecting the management of sustainable urban development in thriving cities. Also, based on the case study method, the city of Lavasan was selected as a case study to provide a realistic understanding of the role of various components on sustainable urban management in thriving cities around metropolises. The research method was based on quantitative and qualitative methods. Based on the field visit, initial discussions and conceptual model of purposeful questionnaires were prepared. SPSS21 and Smart-PLS statistical techniques were used to find the relationships of the variables and to analyze the information of the questionnaires. 376 questionnaires have been analyzed in relation to the components of sustainable urban development management. The results of the analysis show that the components affecting the management of sustainable urban development in Lavasan can be in physical-spatial dimensions, quality of life, intelligent management, justice and examined equality, governance, and optimal legislation. The results also show that the physical-spatial factor is the most important effective criterion. Also, the path of factor analysis shows that achieving urban prosperity in cities around metropolises begins with smart urban management, governance and appropriate legislation in the field of physical infrastructure. Space and quality of life infrastructure lead to the spread of justice and equality in the city and ultimately lead to urban prosperity.
Keywords: Sustainable development management, urban prosperity, cities around metropolises, Lavasan.
Dr Hamid Reza Mohammadi, Me Mohsen Pakparvar,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
In relation to the housing of the disadvantaged, the possibility of access to a suitable housing for every Iranian household in accordance with the household's needs in such a way that the housing concern does not exceed other areas of the household's life and stable and safe access to the household's housing is also guaranteed, showing the ideal vision of the housing sector in documentary studies, is related to disadvantaged groups. The purpose of this study is to achieve the set of strategies and the general form of realistic and effective programs in the field of housing support for the deprived and low-income groups, which, while determining the limits and type of government intervention in relation to housing and different economic groups, will make the target groups enjoy support programs faster. This study is based on the combined model of SWOT strategic analysis and QSPM strategic planning model and examines the findings of studies and the results of interviews with experts in the field of geography and urban planning. SWOT analysis showed that 1- Ignoring the lack of simultaneous use of the process of management and operation of low-income housing based on the participation of local social institutions and non-governmental organizations 2- Lack of necessary knowledge or disregard for the diversity of needs of the deprived and disregard for Special Characteristics of Target Groups 3. The imbalance between the benefits of different individuals in different groups in relation to support programs has led to the inefficiency of the policies of the deprived and the enjoyment of supportive housing for this group. "Empowerment programs" and "Attracting participation by exploiting local capacity and internal capacities by developing and diversifying empowerment", along with a general balancing policy to increase capacity in non-governmental sectors based on household participation. Faster households have support programs Provides housing and participation of all stakeholders in planning.
Keywords: development programs, government policies, housing for the deprived, SWOT analysis, QSPM model.
Sanam Afaridi, Fereshte Ahmadi, Ali Soltani, Mahmood Mohamdi,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
Optimal condition of accessibility and rapid, easy, and safe travel to health_ treatment land uses can be performed by the systematic analysis of transportation sub-systems like behavior. Developed countries are in essential need of proper transportation system for better accessibility. This paper aims to develop model, considering mode chains as well as the individual characters. This study benefits the analytic and quantitative research methods in developing mode choice model to evaluate the movement pattern of travel to health care centers in Shiraz central district (district 1). Each mode is the dependent variable whereas the socioeconomic characters are the independent variables. Filled questionnaire and geographical information system is used in collecting data. To generate the model, multinomial logit model was used that shows public transport like metro and bus are not the popular modes in access to hospitals. Movement pattern cognition in accessibility to special urban land uses, has an efficient role in urban policies and planning, which can be generalized and indigenize to healthcare travel behavior in other geographical areas. Results show that car ownership will increased the private car travel rate 8 times according to beta coefficient.. Taxi is the mode which is used in all three travels. People with lowest range of income and education use bus as their mode. Besides metro travel also has significant relation with low level of income and increase the travel rate 9 times.
Keywords: logit Model, Hospital, vehicle, travel mode, Shiraz City.
Dr Tajeddin Karami, Dr Somayeh Teymouri,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
One of the theories that studied poverty and inequality after World War II and urban reconstruction in America in the duality of the suburbs and the central city is the theory of Spatial Mismatch. Despite the role of the background caused by racial-ethnic inequality and the contrast between the suburbs and the central city in the formation of the aforementioned theory, the main indicators of Spatial Mismatch indicate the lack of appropriateness between obtaining a job with sufficient benefits to access affordable and quality housing. This means that the backgrounds, structures and processes of inequality are different from one society to another and the lack of proportionality between the benefits of work and access to housing represents the spaces of poverty. The aim of the current research is to reveal the Spatial Mismatch between the two mentioned indicators in the metropolitan areas of Tehran. The current research is applied research in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of its method. The main data required include major occupational groups and housing status in official population and housing censuses, which have been analyzed using spatial functions. The analysis of the research findings shows that there is a direct relationship between occupational stratification and the quality of residence in Tehran's municipal areas. In such a way that the concentration centers of the lower classes and workers who are deprived of jobs with suitable benefits have been formed in residential areas with poor quality and worn-out textures. Based on this, in the southern regions of Tehran, there is a greater disproportion between getting a suitable job and access to quality housing. While in the northern areas of Tehran, there is much more suitable work and access to quality housing. The final result shows that the two main indicators investigated well reveal and represent the «Spatial Traps of Poverty» which are the main focus of Socio-Spatial Issues in Inner City Areas.
Keywords: Spatial Traps of Poverty, Spatial Mismatch, Work and Residence Spatial Mismatch, Occupational Stratification and Tehran.
Mrs Nazli Pakru, Dr Rasoul Darskhan,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
Rapid urbanization causes the number of problems for citizens and urban managers, which noted the need to adopt strategies and approaches to improve the condition. In the meantime, the concept of quality of life was developed to assess the condition in cities. The quality of life as a multidimensional concept in the economic, social, physical, and other dimensions has been discussed and utilized at various levels and scales. In this research, with the aim of measuring the quality of life in informal settlements of Tabriz, survey method has been used for this purpose. It can be said that the mental attitude of quality of life dominates this research, which Satisfaction and mental opinion of the residents are the basis of work. One-sample T-test and path analysis were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that the average of all dimensions of quality of life is lower than the average, and the only socio-cultural factor is higher than the average. Also, the average total quality of life is 2.82, lower than the average, which reflects the poor quality of life in these neighborhoods. Based on path analysis, the economic dimension with 0.685 has the greatest impact on the quality of life in these neighborhoods. It can be said that any planning for these neighborhoods will be done taking into account different dimensions, in order to be effective.
Keywords: Quality of life, informal settlements, Tabriz Metropolis.
Miss Elham Zare, Mr Akbar Abdollahzadeh Taraf,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
Today, attention to the tourism of historical contexts has been recognized as very important in order to promote socio-economic progress and to recognize the historical values and cultural identity of each region. Therefore, this study was written with the aim of identifying the causal pattern of tourism promotion criteria in the historical context of Tabriz. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts in the field of research, 15 of whom were selected through targeted sampling. The collection of required information in this research has been done using library and field methods and Fuzzy DEMATEL method has been used to analyze the research data. The results of this study showed that among the identified criteria, the primary element criterion was identified as the most effective criterion and also as the most important criterion for promoting tourism in the historical context of Tabriz. Other results of this study include the causal model of each of the sub-criteria, among the sub-criteria of primary elements, historical criterion, among the sub-criteria related to secondary elements, accommodation facilities, and among the sub-criteria of favorable tourism space. They were identified as the most influential sub-criteria.
Keywords: Tourism, Historical context, Fuzzy DEMATEL method, Tabriz.
Dr Amir Shayanian, Dr Fatemeh Mozaffari Qadiklayi, Dr Ali Pahlavan,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
Increasing energy demand and environmental problems caused by the consumption of fossil fuels have made the use of passive solar energy methods more necessary, especially in commercial centers. On the other hand, the growth of science and technology in the world and the use of intelligent systems in buildings, has led to the completion of common methods. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the side wall of atriums and building intelligence in optimizing energy consumption in commercial centers of Tehran. Due to its nature, the research method is simulation with a case study and analytical approach and in terms of application type. In this research, first, the typology of the building form is introduced and the basic model is selected, and after selecting the design-builder software, validation and simulation of energy consumption in different scenarios are performed to determine the reduction of energy consumption in different situations. This research, which is taken from a doctoral dissertation, shows that the most optimal commercial centers in terms of reducing energy consumption in the climate of Central Tehran are related to atrium buildings without side walls. Also, the installation of smart awnings and light sensors at a control temperature of 22 degrees has significantly reduced energy consumption in these buildings.
Keywords: side wall, Building intelligence, atrium, Commercial center, Tehran.
Dr Shahrivar Rostaei, Dr Rahim Heydari Chyaneh, Mr Ayoub Zoghi,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
As cities become more physically in structure and demographically wider, the rate of crises is also increasing consequently, and cities become more vulnerable to natural disasters for a variety of reasons, including economic and cultural poverty, fault alignment and non-compliance to regulations of earthquake-related issues. What matters is the level of community's preparedness and the degree of vulnerability of the city and its residents, which can be reduced to the lowest level if properly planned and principle policies are adopted. In this research, considering the high potential of Sanandaj in terms of seismicity and the existence of many faults in the vicinity and around of the city, it is tried to gain an authentic understanding of the subject with identifying the factors affecting the earthquake and combining indicators using the Classification Tree Analysis (CTA) model. The results indicate that a large area of the city is in the category of moderate to high vulnerability.52% is in the middle vulnerability category, 16.5% is in the high vulnerability category and 1% of the city is considered to be in the very high vulnerability category, which exactly matches the same marginal, old and densely populated neighborhoods. This situation does not render a proper structure and needs more consideration in prospective development plans.
- Amir Kaveh, - Maryam Karimian Bostani, - Gholam Reza Miri,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
Along with the development of cities and increasing population, many challenges have been created, the most important of which is urban transportation. The inability of traditional urban management to address this challenge has led to some approaches, including intelligent transportation. Adopting and implementing such an approach in metropolitan areas requires a change in management approach, of which integrated urban management is known as the most important. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of integrated urban management and then its impact on the realization of intelligent transportation in the city of Zahedan. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on data collection in the field through a questionnaire. The validity of the instrument and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha greater than 0.70. The statistical population of the study is urban experts in Zahedan. The sample size was set at 100 people. The result of the one-sample t-test shows that the variables of integrated urban management are significant at the level of less than 0.05. From the statistical point of view, the 7 variables of good governance, synergy, unity of urban command, context, interaction, organizational structure, and systemic perspective are not in a good situation and these conditions have caused the integrated urban management index in Zahedan to not have favorable conditions. Also, the significance of the test shows that the 5 variables of intelligent transportation, namely intelligent monitoring, intelligent payment, intelligent violation registration, intelligent information, and mechanized fleet management are significant at the level of less than 0.05. Significantly, it indicates the unfavorable situation of the intelligent transportation index in Zahedan. Regression showed that integrated urban management variables can be more than 68% effective in the realization of intelligent transportation and 32% are dependent on other factors. The variable of good governance with 12% and then the systemic perspective with 11%, has the greatest impact in this regard.
Keywords: integrated management, intelligent transportation, Zahedan city.
Zahra Alizadeh -, Dr Mohammad Taghi Masoumi, Dr Hossein Nazmfar, Dr Akbar Abravesh,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
Today, with the expansion of urbanization and the increase in the population of cities, urban poverty is one of the important problems that it seems necessary to fight. In the 21st century, one of the indicators of urban progress is the issue of low urban poverty (Lemanski and Marx, 2015). In order to analyze and evaluate the indicators of urban poverty in Rasht city in different blocks and to cluster social poverty in this city (very poor, poor, average, wealthy, very wealthy), to analyze social poverty and extract spatial hot spots from Arc software. Gis was used. And the extraction of different areas of the city was calculated from the R software and by the multi-indicator Prometheus decision-making method, where the weight of the indicators was obtained by the ANP method from the raw data of the statistical blocks of Rasht city in the census of 2015. The findings of the research showed that comparatively, the central parts of the city are covered by medium blocks, and in the outer and peripheral parts of the city center, two hot spot areas are observed, which contain very prosperous blocks. Cold spots are also clearly visible on the outer edge of the city and they cover very poor and poor blocks, and except for the hot and cold spots, the city is mostly in the form of mild spots and most of the blocks are in poor condition. They are placed in average social poverty. Also, based on the findings of the research, most of the deprived areas in terms of social poverty in Rasht city are located in the north-west and north-east parts of the city.
Dr Fateme Hajizade, Dr Seyed Hamed Mirkarimi, Dr Abdorassuol Salman Mahini, Dr Marjan Mohammadzade,
Volume 24, Issue 74 (9-2024)
Abstract
Cities are open systems that constantly change and bring about changes in inside and outside neighboring areas. With the rapid growth of urban population in the world, cities sprawl and occupy surrounding lands. In this situation, attention to the developments inside urban space could be a key principle in urban planning. The aim of this study was determining and prioritizing economic, social and ecological factors which influence inside urban space indicators in City of Gorgan using Delphi method and literature review. Following the increase in population, developments inside urban space in the future is inevitable. Understanding and recognition of this process is essential to effective management in the field of conservation of the urban environment. Four expertize requirements should be taken into account: knowledge and experience of the field of study; ability and willingness to participate; adequate time to participate; and effective communication skills. Experts’ panel included fifteen specialists from municipality, city council, academics, cultural and medical service providers, police, urban planners and citizens, whose points of view were collected using questionnaires. Data collection for questionnaire was repeated 4 times to reach a consensus. Overall, twenty - four factors were identified for the economic, social and ecological factors, and then the degree and percentage of importance for each one was determined. Results showed that the most important indicator is feeling of security followed by the noise pollution and environmental pollution. Results could be helpful to urban planners and related organizations to improve inside urban space for welfare and life quality of citizens. Prioritization of these indicators provides an appropriate action agenda for the managers.
Dr Ahmad Aftab, Dr Ali Akbar Taghilo, Mr Akbar Houshmand,
Volume 24, Issue 74 (9-2024)
Abstract
The continuous and active presence of disciplinary centers has an important role in ensuring security and peace in cities.Therefore the fair and efficient distribution of law enforcement centers in urban areas is an important factor in meeting this basic need.Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the service of police stations on vulnerable areas of Urmia.The descriptive-analytical research method used in this study is applied.The results of the study show that the vulnerability zoning of the city of Urmia is in four categories from very high to very low. About 68 km2 of the whole area of the city is known to be highly vulnerable.Most of the northern (informal settlements of Region 2) and central (old districts of four region) settlements of Urmia are the most vulnerable areas due to the high density of population and housing,with most of the politically sensitive, commercial and administrative offices in these areas.The results of the network analysis based on standard time (12 minutes) indicate that the 28.9% (24 km2) of the Urmia Vulnerable Areas was not covered by the police stations.Within 12 minutes the police stations of Urmia city have quick access to 55 km2 of about 75 km2 area with high vulnerability and about 20 km2 of this area also without timely access. In terms of the police stations access to low vulnerability areas,the results also show that from about 15 km2 of these areas to 3 km2 have quick access, indicates that there is no quick access to these 12 km2
Dr Sara Karami, Dr Nasim Hossein Hamzeh, Dr Abbas Ranjbar,
Volume 24, Issue 74 (9-2024)
Abstract
Today, dust storms affect the lives of many people around the world and cause a lot of financial and human losses. Every year, Iran is affected by dust storms caused by internal sources and external dust sources located in neighboring countries. Semnan province has several dust-producing sources due to its geographical location, that affect not only this province, but also the neighboring provinces. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dust phenomenon of Semnan province and its monthly changes in the 15-year period, between 2003 and 2017. For this purpose, meteorological stations data of the province and the aerosol optical depth of satellite product have been investigated. Also, GOCART model has been used to estimate the amount of dust emissions from this region and to determine the vertical dust flux in Semnan province. The study of average dust flux showed that the highest values of dust flux was in the southeast of Shahroud and then in the south of Shahroud, Damghan and Sorkheh. A monthly investigation showed that in all months, the average AOD in the southern half of Semnan province was higher than in the northern half. The highest levels of AOD were in May, April and June, and the highest amounts of dust flux were observed in March, June and July. Also, the prevailing wind direction was northeast and northeast, and this factor causes dust particles rising from this region and dust loading in the south of Semnan province and areas of Isfahan, Yazd and South Khorasan provinces.
Mr Mohsen Kalantari, Mr Hossein Tahmasebi Moghadam, Ms Bahareh Akbari Monfared,
Volume 24, Issue 74 (9-2024)
Abstract
only be implemented when the aforementioned land uses have balanced distribution across the city. In this regard, the present study is to investigate and evaluate learning land uses from the perspective of spatial justice for attain of the learning city approach in Zanjan; And the main goal of this research is to find out the spatial equilibrium in the distribution of learning land uses of Zanjan city, in order to develop the learning city approach. The research method was descriptive-analytical and data collection has done by using the library-documentary method. In addition, in order to analyze the findings, after describing the basic concepts of the learning city and taking into account the principles and indicators governing it, from two indicators of capacity and social justice have been used in the framework of comparing per capita and desirable levels, Nearest Neighborhood (NN) and entropy techniques. The results of the analysis of the distribution of learning land uses in the current situation indicate that the distribution of these land uses in the city are concentrated and clustered, with spatial imbalances. In such a way they show very high qualitative and quantitative differences between the three urban areas, especially indicated in the eastern margin of district two. Such a problem has hampered the development of the learning city approach in Zanjan and has resulted in the concentration of these services in the center of the city and their shortage in the peripheral areas as made a profound inequalities between the residential areas of the city. Therefore, the results of the research provide suggestions for reorganizing learning land uses to establish a spatial justice approach at the city level.
Mehrdad Mohamadpour Shatery, Hoshang Taghizadeh, Sahar Khoshfetrat,
Volume 24, Issue 74 (9-2024)
Abstract
The phenomenon of poverty is a social, economic, cultural, and political reality that has long been one of the greatest human problems. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting poverty and examine the internal relations and its leveling with an interpretive structural approach in the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Tabriz. In this regard, based on the factors extracted from literature, a questionnaire has been developed. In this phase, 41 indicators have been selected as the most important indicators affecting poverty at Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Tabriz city. After obtaining appropriate validity and reliability for the questionnaire, it has been distributed among the statistical sample. After distributing the questionnaire, factor analysis was used to analyze the information and reduce the variables to dimensions. The results of factor analysis showed that about 68.3% of the total variance of variables was explained by 14 factors and about 31.7% of the variance was explained by other variables that were not measured. As a result, 14 factors have been identified as the most important factors affecting poverty. These 14 factors are important in order of importance: 1- Economic; 2- Social; 3- Individual; 4- Legal; 5- Family; 6; Environment; 7; Political; 8; Management; 9; Cultural; 10- Overseas; 11. Security; 12. Scientific; 13. Organizational; 14. Geographical. Finally, the interrelationships between factors and the leveling of poverty-related factors have been examined by presenting an extended structural-comparative model (ISM).