Many factors, including cultural factors, currents and schools of thought, and patterns of urbanization in the world are influential in the physical structure of a city. The physical structure of the city is the result of all the forces that give rise to the formation and formation of a settlement and has an objective and mental appearance. The growth and development of cities, due to various events in all historical periods, has been declining and rising. Nowadays, knowledge of the physical structure of the city and the reasons that govern its spatial expansion in different periods is necessary to control its expansion and is one of the important factors influencing the success of urban planners and designers. This study was written with the aim of identifying and prioritizing cultural factors affecting the physical structure of the city with emphasis on indigenous architecture. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Library and field methods were used to collect information. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts and specialists in architecture and urban planning, with a sample size of 30 people. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, the fuzzy Delphi technique and the BMW model were used. The results of fuzzy Delphi technique confirmed the identified factors and sub-factors. The results of the BMW model showed that among the identified factors, the privacy factor with a final score of 0.298 in the first place, the security quality factor with a final score of 0.273 in the second place, the nature connection factor and social interactions with a final score of 220 / 0 is in the third place and the hierarchical factor is in the fourth place with a final score of 0.209.

Abstract In present century the air transportation has had a very important role in relations between different countries of the world ,as exchanging of culture, showing the economical and military power and speeding the vital affairs of a country and in this case airports form a very critical role in the Air Transportation system An airport is the most infrastructural part of the transportation industry in each country. Therefore, recognizing the problems of this sector of the aviation industry is effective on expediting activities related to the transportation of passengers, the development of the flight network, the growth of the physical airport, reduction in air accidents and problems caused by the proximity to residential areas (colliding with residential areas and noise pollution). In this regard, the aim of the present study is to investigate the problems of Mehrabad International Airport as the most important airport for domestic flights from the aerodrome point of view and the flight network based on standard indices of the national aviation industry. Therefore, among the experts of the aviation industry (pilots, officials and personnel working at Mehrabad Airport), 240 individuals were selected as the sample and a researcher made questionnaire was distributed among them. The application of factor analysis model and SPSS and Lisrel software revealed that the most important problems of Mehrabad Airport are proximity to residential areas, causing noise pollution for residents around the airport, adjacent to the military airport, lack of proper distance from other airports, and its role as flight origin for domestic flights in the Iran’s national airline, totally explain 83.79 % of the common variance. Other variables have not been able to justify significant variance.

The occurrence of unplanned accidents is a global issue, and lack of preparedness and resilience in this area can lead to significant losses. Therefore, restitution is an important way to strengthen urban communities by utilizing their capacity. In this regard, the main objective of this research is to investigate the difference in the level of resilience indices in the three districts of a metropolitan area of ​​Tabriz. This research is in terms of the type of the target and the method is descriptive of survey type. The required data were collected using library studies and field surveys at the household level. The statistical population of the households in region 1 of Tabriz Metropolitan is estimated to be 382 families according to the Cochran formula. After data collection, the analysis of the difference in resilience with ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were analyzed. The results of the research show that there is a difference between the regions in terms of the resiliency indicators. So that the least amount of resilience with an average of 173/46 was allocated to households in area one and the largest with average of 252/61, to the area of ​​three regions of a metropolis of Tabriz. On the other hand, the results of the two-to-two-region comparison show that the mean of zone A alleviation in comparison with the two and three regions was 34/931 and 79/157, respectively, and the resilience of the region of two in Comparison with area 3 is 44/226 times lower than that, but the resilience of area 3 compared to the other two regions is 79/157, 44/226 times more. In the following, suggestions for improving the resilience of the study area are presented.

Creating a creative city and creative tourism are considered as one of the most successful urban management practices to attract material and immaterial capital. In pursuit of this goal, Miran-e-Shahriy has been developing a creative tourism infrastructure. The metropolis of Tabriz has also been selected as the capital of the Islamic countries for tourism in 2018, with its huge potential. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of effective factors on the realization of creative tourism and the infrastructure of this city in the pursuit of this goal. The type of research, applied and its descriptive-analytical method is correlation. Data analysis was done by statistical tests. Prioritization of the elements of the creative city and urban areas is in line with the development of creative tourism, using network analysis and topsis models. The statistical population of the study is 758421 people living in Tabriz's 10th district. Of these, 384 people have been selected using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling.The variable of this research is 10 criteria with 16 sub-criteria. The results of statistical tests showed that all components of the creative city have a significant correlation with the level of creativity of urban areas of Tabriz. In this regard, the two variables of creativity and creative class infrastructure were the most correlated with 0.583 and 0.557. The results of the ANP model showed that the criteria for creativity and creative class infrastructure with the score of 0.389 and 0.269 have the most importance in the formation of the creative city. The study of the status of different regions of the city according to the indicators of the creative city showed that eight of them are more suitable due to the concentration of historical works, shopping centers and recreation centers. As a result, practical solutions have been developed for using urban infrastructure to form a creative city and identify Tabriz to Islamic countries.

The degree of success of urban spaces is commensurate with the extent to which it can be utilized and the communication and communication that it can provide. What we are facing today in most urban spaces is the decline of human-environmental and human-environmental relationships. This study seeks to evaluate the extent of social interactions in these two paths and attempts to provide an optimal solution in this regard. Historical, appropriate physical structures And ... have been studied and divided into two sub-components of physical components such as existing values ​​and attitudes regarding physical components, and regarding subjective sub-components of mental imagery, user interests In this study, we tested the t-components and sub-components mentioned above. The research hypothesis is the effect of physical and non-physical elements and components on the formation of interactive spaces for communication. Man was endorsed by the environment.

One major issue to be considered in today's cities is their resilience which plays an important role in reducing the damage and casualties caused by various natural hazards. These hazards often have devastating effects on human settlements, and resilient settlements in various managerial, physical, economic, and social aspects is a great way to enhance the effectiveness of cities in dealing with a variety of potential and unexpected crises. In this regard, addressing the resilience of cities in different aspects reveals the importance and necessity of research. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the resilience of cities to natural disasters. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. The statistical population includes specialists and experts. FVIKOR model is used to analyze the components and characteristics, and EDAS method is used to show the condition of areas in terms of resilience. The results from Fuzzy VIKOR show the institutional component in the first place with the most score (zero) and the economic component in the last place with the score of 0.287. Also, the results from EDAS in different aspects of the studied areas show high resilience of districts 2 and 5 and low resilience of districts 4 and 8. Generally, more than 50% of Tabriz districts are less resilient.

In order to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage to overcome the prevailing have been proposed competition between cities, various strategies; Urban branding is one of these strategies. Urban branding is considered as an important asset in the development of the city as well as an effective tool to differentiate, improve the position and increase the influence and prestige of the city. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the Sense of place and quality of green spaces in urban branding. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. In order to collect the required data and information, library and field methods and questionnaire tools were used. The statistical population of the study consists of citizens living in Tabriz; the sample size was estimated 384 people using Cochranchr('39')s formula. SPSS and Lisrel software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the Sense of place and quality of urban green spaces has a positive and significant effect on urban branding. It was 0.37. According to the value of the obtained path coefficient, the effect of the Sense of place is greater than the quality of urban green space in urban branding.

Evaluating environmental impact can help urban and regional planner and manager to understand the impacts of development plans on human well-being and environmental health. Therefore, it can enable them to prevent environmental pollution and degradation. This descriptive- analytical research aimed to assess environmental, physical, economic and socio-cultural impacts of Talesh Industrial Estate on Kashli village as the nearest settlement to the estate. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The variables are set in 29 items and were evaluated in 11 ranges by 270 sample people on the basis of a model adopted from Pastakia method. Findings showed that the industrial estate had more positive consequences than negative ones. Positive and negative consequences are more prominent in economic dimension and in environmental dimension respectively. Of the 29 impacts evaluated, the estate has had 16 positive and 13 negative impacts.

An earthquake, though a natural phenomenon that can be very destructive, But urban planning and management can play an important role in the damage it poses. Today, risk analysis is one of the basic needs for planning in general and urban planning in particular. From the perspective of many researchers, urban regeneration is one of the most important issues for sustainability. It serves as a way to strengthen communities by using their capacities. From the issue of choice in the city of Ilam, Ilam is located in the Zagros zone. So that the Zagros area has the highest earthquake with magnitude 4 to 4/5 richter has. According to the necessity of this research, a combination of methods (descriptive, exploratory, surveying, and analytical). In terms of the nature of research, it has a developmental-applied approach in line with the overall objective of urban spatial management planning research from the perspective of resilience is a city of Ilam. Based on the VIKOR statistical statistic, Bootstrap and Bootstrap simulation have been used. Visio, Grafer, SPSS, MINITAB and GIS software have been used to complete the research. Results of the findings were based on Bootstrap simulation and based on the 196 cells studied, distributed among 14 urban districts; The minimum residual cell in the city of Ilam has been around 0.07 percent. Therefore, the dispersion and status of the Ilam city variables can not be confirmed at urban confidence level of 95%. Based on the VIKOR model of the 4th region, the least resiliency and the region of 2 is the highest Ilam city resilience. Also, the regression model calculations have shown that the applied model is a good predictor of the urban regression variable. Because the significance of the present study is less than 0.05.

The route optimization process is one of the analyzes that can be used when there is a constraint on resources and time, including post-earthquake conditions. In this research, this analysis has been used to solve the Travelling Salesman Problem. In this case, the goal is finding the shortest path between a set of points and the algorithm will try to minimize the transmission costs and target function. This paper due to target, is practical and developmental, due to doing method is descriptive and analytical and due to information gathering method is documental and surveying. In order to implement this problem, by considering to the strict scenario of accessing resources, two algorithms including the Ant Colony Optimization and Imperialist Competition Algorithm in the MATLAB environment with the Dijkstra algorithm in the GIS environment have been used. The view points of the model are areas that prepared to temporary post-earthquake settlement in Gorgan city and the spatial and temporal real-time distances in the urban network are used instead of Euclidian distances. The results of the implementation of the model have shown that the Ant Colony Optimization has performed the route optimization in two parameters of time and distance more effectively than the two dijkstra and Imperialist Competition Algorithm.

The physical development of a city will cause growth in other areas. Undoubtedly, the physical development of a country is an important factor in creating the dynamism of the economic system and even the well-being of its people. In this regard, Local governments need the variable, stable and sustainable financial resources for their role in this area. One of these sources is "taxes". The impact of tax on urban physical development plays an important role in its economic and social growth. In the meantime, taxes, especially the tax of estates and tenements, are one of the most reliable ways to provide resources for physical development. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to Investigating the Process of Urban Physical Development with Emphasis on Real Estate Taxes (Case Study: Five regions of Zahedan).The current approach to the present research is qualitative and quantitative and the type of research is applied. In this regard, comprehensive studies were conducted on the research indicators in the study area. The Fuzzy Mamdani model is then used to analyze the information. The results of the model function of the ranking of indicators indicate that public health and environment indices are in a desirable condition, Housing indices and quality of access are at a moderate level and educational, commercial, entertainment and recreational indicators are at an unfavorable level. The results of the status of the studied indices in determining the physical development of each of the 5 study areas in Zahedan in the output of the fuzzy inference system in the MATLAB software show that the 5th region with a score of 0.82 and first area with a score of 0.79 have a desirable level. The 4th area with a score of 0.70 has an average level of physical development. As well as the 2nd area with a score of 0.61 and third area with a score of 0.50 have an undesirable physical development.

Identity, as a complex concept, influenced by a variety of factors, makes one thing distinct and unique. Meanwhile, the characteristics of the environment, habits, worldview, cultural characteristics, etc., have a growing influence on the formation of these indices of identity. In other words, this study seeks to investigate the hypothesis of the difference in attitudes of inhabitants of the eastern and western parts of Mashhad towards urban identity indices and, finally, whether the distinction is observable or not? The basis of this study is based on quantitative methods that have been used for research purposes, along with qualitative methods. The output of this discussion is to achieve the identity of the city and its classification according to the purpose of the study. But in the small part, the study method is based on the use of differentiation and logistic models to show the type and level of differences between the eastern and western parts of Mashhad. Based on this, the rank of indicators of urban identity components was obtained in the form of a questionnaire in two categories of eastern regions (regions 4, 5 and 6) and western regions (including 1, 9 and 11) from the residents' perspective. The completed questionnaires were entered into the statistical database and analyzed using statistical software such as Excel and Spas. Study shoes that: 1- Regarding the formic index, studies show that variables such as high buildings, traditional architecture and natural form of place are variables that cause segregation of residents of eastern and western parts of Mashhad. 2- The results in Function indices also indicate that variables of vibrant places, places with activities, boarding times, places with different uses, and safe places are meaningful. 3- Finally, regarding the semantic indices, the effective and differentiating variables in the eastern and western regions of Mashhad, including two variables of understanding the sense of pilgrimage and understanding the characteristics of Islamic culture. Accordingly, it can be said that the attitudes of residents of the studied areas are different from those related to the sense of pilgrimage and the characteristics of Islamic culture in their. the end

Generally speaking the existence of metropolises, alongwith the high various business districts have led to high valume of travels to these centers.The density and separation of these centers brings about the increase and the decrease of the vehicles. The adoption of location determination strategies and that of the comunicational centers and the city activities has made the cities continue the developement process while cosidering the fairly service destribution and the spatial equalities.The goal of this research is the recognition and determination of the city spatial organization working centers and activity model and the relation of service functioning with one another so that the mono central and poly central cities can have a important effect on the destribution system and service centers and the vast changes of the citizens .The analysis method is a kind of quantity and quality one. In the quality part of that the descriptive statistics ( the geometrical presentation , graphical disparation, the centralism measures) and the Hansen Model. In the areas of planning, a great difference is seen in the levels of land uses so that the land use of higher educations in the western metropolitan city of Mashhad area is 84 percent while that of the eastern area is 3 percent. It is the same about the equipped medicinal, commercial and green space areas.Only in the areas of managerial levels  there is a relative balance. Finaly the city is devided by three areas throughwhich while considering the employment , the developement potential and distance , the land use determining rate was found out.