Abed Golkarami, , Afshin Motaghi, Hossien Rabiee,
Volume 18, Issue 49 (3-2018)
Abstract
Knowing Country and understanding the capacity of its perimeter and international environment are essential components of the economy that the foreign policy of any country should be on the basis of territorial and social. The country relies on its geopolitical foundations that they are influenced by its geographical location can affect codification foreign policy in the international economy. Hence, this paper with an analytical -descriptive method to survey the geopolitical and geographical foundations of Islamic Republic of Iran's economy. This paper show that Economy of Islamic Republic Iran away with its Geopolitical foundations and to achieve an effective economic on the closed surrounding and international environment, review in Geopolitical foundations of foreign policy that is mentioned in the form of five components are necessary and is inevitable. Hence, Islamic Republic of Iran to pursue these foundations in foreign policy strategy, not only effects will be in terms of political and cultural on international environment but also in terms geo-economic impact on international political economy.
Morad Kaviani Rad, Hadi Aazami, Majid Rasouli, Ahmad Bakhshi,
Volume 18, Issue 50 (3-2018)
Abstract
Fundamentalism is one of the security issues of today's world, and the Territorialize and , Territoriality of fundamentalist terrorist groups has attracted a large part of the world's security literature. Over the past decade, Southwest Asia and North Africa have emerged from domestic crises and transnational power interference, the focus of the emergence and expansion of radical ideas that impose huge costs on the regional and trans-regional countries of the world. Meanwhile, the northern continent of Africa, and in particular the country of Libya, as a fragile state emerging from the internalities and role of the regional interventionist powers, has provided opportunities for the expansion of ISIS's fundamentalist organization.The present study is based on the descriptive-analytical nature of the hypothesis that based on internal factors such as strategic position and huge oil resources, the crisis of legitimacy, spatial inequalities (axis-margin), the weakness of national correlators, weakness of central government power, Interventions of regional and global powers territoriality have been provided a platform for fundamentalist organizations such as ISIL in Libya, and the data and information required for research has been compiled in a library-based way . The results of the study showed that the fragility of the government in North Africa, in particular Libya, Territorialize and , Territoriality grounds have provided for ISIL's .
Dr Ehsan Lashgari Tafreshi, Dr َabbas Ahmadi,
Volume 19, Issue 54 (9-2019)
Abstract
The emergence of decentralization approach and transfer some political authority to non-state actors has provided new actions for the management of geographical space under the name of spatial governance. The roots of the emergence of the concept of spatial governance return to the economic-political changing in the 1980s. The emergence of a decentralization approach and the transfer powers from government to nongovernmental institutions has provided a new concept in the name of "spatial governance". Therefore, governance is beyond the government and includes the private sector and civil society with the approach of market economy and participatory democracy. So, in this paper major question is “who spatial governance functioned in the post- positivism methodology?” In this regard, in the first step has been made to define the concept of governance and its dimensions and sub-sets in relation to geographical space. Then, by matching the spatial governance conceptual relationship with post-positivism approach, a new perspective on the causes of the greater impact of this school is presented in understanding this concept. According to the governance framework, the management and production of space is not only an objective or objective action, but also it is a constructive, unfinished, contingent, and conditional, conditional and social condition. therefore, the space policy was created in a cultural-historical territory must be consistent with the cultural and historical values of a particular of human beings group and the conditions for the development and optimization of space by these policies should fit into the pattern of their social life. in governance approach, some of the concepts such as truth, rationality, justice, goodness, and especially development, are not independent from its the social processes that shape it. On this basis, spatial governance cannot have universal dimensions. Because social action is faced with a process that can create a single position at any given time, pro-active methodology cannot predict and predict it.
Morad Kaviani Rad, Afshin Mottaghi, Hadi Zarghani, Hasan Sadrania,
Volume 19, Issue 55 (12-2019)
Abstract
One of the problems in analyzing hydro-political relations in the system of international rivers is that the same factors can create a wide range of conflict or cooperation, and even an identical variable may play a different role in relation to other variables in each coastal country; Therefore, the recognition of the variables and the role that each variable has in developing a pattern of analysis of opportunities and risks for countries that share transboundary waters with other countries is essential. Iran is in the Harirud basin shared with Afghanistan. The presence of this basin in a dry and semi-arid strip of world has caused Iran's dependence on the water of Harirud to provide water to the east and northwest, and especially to the metropolis of Mashhad. Therefore, the research question is: What are the variables and indicators effective on the Strategic Importance of Harirud for Iran? For this purpose, 86 indicators were identified using library and field studies and categorized in geographical-geopolitical, technical-economical, and political-social variables in expert meetings with experts. After identifying the most important variables using the Delphi method, the role of each variable in the structural analysis of the variables has been investigated with the help of the Micmac software. The results indicate that geopolitical -geographical variables are the most effective and Most impressive variables, and indicators of the importance of Harirud for drinking water, food security, security of water resources and Afghanistan's position in Iran's foreign policy, strategic indicators for the importance of Heriud for Iran.
Hasan Kamran Dastjerdi, Marjan Badiee Azandehie, Yashar Zaki, Abbas Ahmadi, Narjessadat Hossainy Nasrabady,,
Volume 20, Issue 57 (6-2020)
Abstract
In today's world, the process of globalization and communication and information innovations has brought the "cities" into an actor of national and global competition. No urban point in the world can rely on maintaining its traditional role in the urban hierarchy, as other urban areas compete in a network structure with other cities in order to enhance their position on the network and overcome other competitors. In contemporary cities, forces, activists, and urban actors face a different role in their political, economic, social, and cultural domains, with a view to their modern and highly sensitive interests, and therefore competition between the positive and the negative ones It has emerged or is underway. Given the importance of this, political geographers and geopolitics are studying the important process, which is in fact the "urban geopolitics", created in the wake of urban competition, and with the growing competition of urban action-makers and forwards ahead. , Pay. The present paper uses a descriptive-analytical method to make it clear that urban geopolitics, on the one hand, includes a set of common rivalries, ideas and perceptions of political factions, religious denominations, or other social centers that social groups It brings to the fore and creates a worldview for them. On the other hand, the concept of this survey shows how these perceptions, the field of decision-making by citizens, and the occurrence of competition, change, and sometimes even protests in urban environments. It then changes with inspiration from geopolitical conditions. Hence, a kind of geopolitical measure on a city scale has made cities important actors in diverse geographic areas. The results of this research show that the multi-dimensional phenomenon of the city is studied by political geographers and geopolitics, with emphasis on the pivotal elements of space, politics, power and competition.
Morad Kaviani Rad, Meysam Toulabi Nejad, Farid Rezaei,
Volume 20, Issue 57 (6-2020)
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of climate change on the border security of Thalassa Babajani villages. The study area consists of 11 villages of Salas Babajani city with a population of over 2500 people. 333 questionnaires were designed using Cochran formula. The research method was a descriptive-analytic and statistical questionnaire. The results showed that the impacts of climate change were firstly on food security and consequently security in the border villages of Thales Babajani so that most of the population in the study area were concerned about climate change such as flood and drought. Forced to change their livelihoods due to lack of food. The results also showed that with climate change, some former farmers have moved to their village boundaries for daily livelihoods due to climate change and food scarcity, which could in the future be the third border region and its villages. Serious challenges lead to insecurity. Because these people will face the same dangers as engaging in border guards between the two countries, Iran will result in the risk of death for those who were once farmers or ranchers and the security of the area would also be compromised.
Ph. D. Ali Amiri, Mr Hojat Naderi,
Volume 20, Issue 58 (9-2020)
Abstract
For many coastal countries, maritime supremacy has always been a major concern of their grand strategies. The existence of islands is one of the most important means to acquisition of maritime supremacy in maritime territories. Iran, Due to its maritime position, has many islands in the Persian Gulf, the most important of which are the Triple islands (Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb and Abu Musa). The political issue of the United Arab Emirates' claim to the islands and their very strategic position has made these islands very important in the Persian Gulf maritime supremacy. Therefore, the analysis of how these islands affect Iran's maritime supremacy is considered as the main issue of this paper. Here, the method of data collection is library and documentary. Then, the collected data were analyzed by qualitative- inferential method. The results show that the Triple islands in various ways have expaned the Iranian maritime supremacy and have helped to stabilization Iran's maritime supremacy in the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz. These islands have increased the Iran’s Maritime supremacy by extension Iran's maritime sovereignty under international maritime law and the FIR line, located adjacent to the Hormuz International Waterway, defination maritime traffic Corridors, and playing the role of Warship in Iran's naval navy.
Dr. Sadegh Karami,
Volume 20, Issue 59 (12-2020)
Abstract
Importance of climate change is global. This issue to some extent has been out of human control. Human beings can only provide security and the community with knowledge and management against its negative consequences. On the basis of this research, the present paper analyzes the impact of climate change on Iran, on a small scale and applied to the central catchment area. The findings of the research indicate that climate change has shown the geographic region of Iran in terms of changing the rainfall pattern, decreasing precipitation and increasing its temperature. In the next step, these cases resulted in excessive withdrawal of groundwater aquifers and it has reduced the quality of underground water. This chain has led to the design of inter-basin water transmission projects, which is at least the result of the cycle of social tensions that has occurred in recent years. Considering the geographical extent of the basin and its belonging to one of the most frequent aspects of Iran's civilization, the set of consequences of climate change in the central catchment area, in addition to its impact on various social, political, economic and environmental layers, also has several scale effects. And its destructive effects go beyond national scale and to an extent beyond the scope of Iranian culture. In this regard, the research findings indicate that climate change in the central watershed is influential in many aspects of society and the country, so that if the current process continues, the current Iranian civilization will face a strategic challenge. To this end, at the end of the research, good water governance, as the best way to confront and control the negative consequences of climate change on the central catchment area, and Iran in general, has been argued.
Nayereh Akhavan, Narjessadat Hossainy Nasrabady,
Volume 20, Issue 59 (12-2020)
Abstract
Gender distribution in the centers of power and the level of participation in elections from a gender perspective are among the ambiguous issues that show the composition and quality of power structures in political-spatial units. From a geopolitical perspective, how power is distributed through representation and political participation through elections reflects the presence or absence of gender justice in power structures. Given the high geopolitical weight of women in the Iranian population pyramid, the present study has reviewed the city and village council elections in Fars province from a geopolitical perspective of gender. For this purpose, by using descriptive and survey methods and by examining different statistics and data in the three rounds of city and village council elections in Fars province, the gender distribution of the elected representatives in these three rounds has been investigated. Is. The results showed that in the first round of urban and rural elections in Fars province, men held 90% of the seats. In the second round, this ratio reaches 80%, and in fact, there is a relative improvement in the gender distribution of representatives. In the third round, however, the sinusoidal trend reverses to the first round so that the gender weight of the representation remains established in the masculine structure.
Mr Arash Ghorbani Sepehr, Dr Afshin Mottaghi, Msr Zahra Ansari, Mr Morad Delalat,
Volume 21, Issue 61 (6-2021)
Abstract
The city of Tehran, based on the 1404 document and the comprehensive plan approved in 2007, is a global, sustainable and coherent city with a structure suitable for leisure and leisure as well as a well-informed urban community with appropriate infrastructure. In order to achieve such a definition, the mentioned documents include promotion of the role and position of Tehran in transnational, national and regional levels, economic development and prosperity of the city of Tehran, improvement of communication networks, environmental protection, active restitution and conservation of natural heritage , Historical and cultural city of Tehran, and the development of green spaces, public spaces, recreation and tourism are predicted. One of the most important areas that can be used to operate the above strategies is the urban tourism area in the Tehran metropolis. Therefore, the issue of competition in urban tourism is an important factor in the progress of all cities of the country in competing with each other and, as a result of the prosperity and prosperity of the country at the national level, and then in competition with neighboring countries and globally, will make rapid progress and attract much capital to the country. The main objective of the research is to study the political geography of competition in urban tourism. Seeking to reach the goal of this article, the statistical population of the study is the provinces of Iran, which Tehran province has selected as a case study. In line with the aim of the study, data related to tourist attractions were collected using the Statistical Yearbook of the provinces (Tourism Organization, Cultural Heritage, Governor's Office in 1395) and then TOPSIS and ARC map software were used to map the provinces.
Reza Mohammadi, Zyinab Karkaabadi, Ghlam Reza Miri,
Volume 22, Issue 64 (3-2022)
Abstract
In this study, the actions and interactions between the city and the border were studied and explained. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method in library and field method. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. The statistical population consists of one percent of the population of border towns of Zahedan, Mirjaveh, Dost Mohammad, Khash and Saravan(N=8092). Using Cochran formula, 367 people were selected as the sample. Data were analyzed using Structured Analytical Model (SOWT-ANP). Findings and results showed.the most important effective factor on city-boundary relations is social factors with a mean of 3.55 and among weaknesses, Most affected were social weaknesses with a mean of 3.63 and among the opportunities examined, economic and managerial factors with a mean of 3.53 and Finally, they have the most impact on all types of threats, injuries and social threats with an average of 3.75. Also, the use of the method(F.ANP)in this study showed that the highest weight related to the threat factor was "management", which gained 7.9% of the final weight and took the first place. "Establishing economic, political and environmental security to deal with crises, attacks and ... (ST2)" is the most desirable strategy of deciding on the issue of zero value. And the strategy of "non-cooperation and interruption of cross-border relations with neighbors (WT1)" has been identified by experts as the worst strategy in this regard. Therefore, it can be said that among the factors (SWOT) "threats and challenges" in security and management dimensions is the most influential factor And the real gap between the "opportunities" is the key to improving the relationships between cities and territories. Also, from the standpoint of sustainable development management (institutional and structural) factors with the highest degree of importance and social, economic and environmental factors are ranked next.
Hassan Kamran,
Volume 22, Issue 65 (6-2022)
Abstract
"Governance" is one of the basic concepts that has attracted the attention of geo-political scientists, and there are contradictory views on this concept, which is one of the main and fundamentally important foundations of the science of geopolitics. The rule of law over higher power and superiority imply that no other legal authority is superior to it. Since the study of sovereignty in political geography is very important, therefore, it is necessary to examine its dimensions and spatial levels. Political geography focuses on the study of phenomena, processes and political currents, and emphasizes their geographic and spatial effects. One of the most important studies in political geography is the study of the country. Each country is made up of three elements of "nation, rule and land".. The linking factor of these three elements is "sovereignty". In political theories, they regard the sovereignty of that government and do not attribute it to any government or government agency alone. At the same time, in no political theory, the notion of sovereignty is not absolute, and it is believed that sovereignty must be exercised within the constitutional framework and in accordance with the law. Land is the space of the state, which, with the spatial scope of the territory, determines the sovereignty of the state, and as the physical container, it includes the body of the political organization. The present article seeks to elaborate on the fact that "sovereignty has different dimensions and levels". The present research is of fundamental type and has been done by descriptive-analytical method. Data collection method is library and computer. Also, data analysis is also qualitative.
Reyhaneh Salehabadi, Mr Mohammad Reza Hafeznia, Mr Seyyed Hadi Zarghani, Syrus Ahmadi,
Volume 22, Issue 66 (9-2022)
Abstract
The national strength of algebraic aggregation is a large number of positive and negative factors that are composed of numerous sources and resources. One of the important sources of national power in the world today and in the post-Cold War period is economic power, which is itself the bedrock of other superstructures, such as political, military, and so on. This research uses descriptive-analytical method and using library resources and field research to answer this question. What are the most important variables and indicators that shape economic power of countries? The findings of the research by examining library documents show that the four main components of economic power including infrastructure, production exchange, production level and financial resources can affect economic power. Meanwhile, 61 variables related to quadruple components were identified. Then, by using the Likert spectrum questionnaire, internal knowledge was measured to measure the importance of each of these variables. Accordingly, economic infrastructure, high-tech exports, food imports and international currency reserves were of high importance. On the other hand, variables such as the share of the poor in the consumption of national income, economic competition, foreign ownership, and commercial costs of violent crimes were of minor importance. Finally, it can be argued that countries have an obligation to take into account the factors and variables in the economic dimension to achieve their national interests and interests.
Murad Kaviani Rad, Afshin Motaghi Disfani, Hossein Mokhtari Hashi, Ahmad Rashidinejad,
Volume 22, Issue 66 (9-2022)
Abstract
International rivers, as borders or crossing national borders, have been considered as a significant part of international relations. Especially, approximately half of the world's population lives within the basin of these rivers, and more than 90% are living in countries with these basins. This condition, by creating an undeniable relationship of interdependence, has made water a critical issue for these countries. Thus, as populations and economies grow and develop and national water resources are exploited for additional growth and development, government action and reaction to a higher share of these transnational sources will increase. By the way, the type of government interaction in line with exploiting these common resources includes a wide range of cooperation to tension and war. In some parts of the world, common water resources in the form of rivers have used as a linking factor between nations and governments. So that, instead of conflict, the beneficiary countries take the path of cooperation and convergence and they have taken important steps with regard to the development of the region as optimal management of common water resources. Although the achievement of international cooperation is a long, lengthy and complex path, always, there are many ways to follow, many steps to take, and many options for appraisal and selection. The current research is a descriptive-analytical research and by means of library resources and examining the practical status of cooperation in a part of the Danube River as a model, concluded that cooperation was not just for water agreements and factors such as environmental concerns, regional security, regional benefits (such as joining organizations and ::union::s), mediation (governments, international organizations, and institutions), etc., are effective in this process.
Seyyed Mostafa Haj Agha Mir, Hamideh Reshadat Jo, Ata Allah Abtahi, Seyyed Reza Salehi Amiri, Fatemeh Aziz Abadi Farahani,
Volume 22, Issue 66 (9-2022)
Abstract
One of the main ways to preserve the traditions and values of the past for future generations is to preserve the culture of the community, which can be addressed by the prosperity of tourism in cities. One of the main ways to preserve the traditions and values of the past for future generations is to preserve the culture of the community, which can be addressed by the prosperity of tourism in cities.The purpose of this study is to explain the models of cultural tourism development in Iran. In the quantitative part of this research, in terms of controlling the studied variables, it is non-experimental, in terms of strategic survey and in terms of the nature of this research is applied. In relation to the research method, it seeks to identify the relationships between cultural tourism and the factors affecting it using the structural equation system. The nature of research is causal research. Considering the application of structural equation modeling to study and analyze the conceptual model of the research, the method of this research is correlational and variance-covariance matrix analysis. The statistical population in the quantitative section was all employees and managers of the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization. In the quantitative part, the sampling method is stratified. Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size. Based on this, 383 samples were estimated. The tool of this research was a researcher-made questionnaire. To determine the validity and validity of the questionnaire, content validity as well as structural validity were used to determine the validity of the questionnaire. The reliability of the research was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha test. The results of quantitative analysis showed that social indicators have the greatest impact among the leading indicators of cultural tourism in the country.
Mr. Mosayeb Gharehbeygi, Dr. Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, Dr. Marjan Badiee Azandahi, Dr. Yashar Zakki,
Volume 23, Issue 68 (4-2023)
Abstract
Along with different states Economic policies in post-revolutionary Iran, have followed more or less the same path; in such a way that today, important parts of Iran's economy are trying to reproduce a non-competitive and non-preferential environment. Therefore, it is necessary to study the mechanisms governing the Iranian economy due to the decline in economic indicators. In this regard, the present study, using the method of discourse analysis and using semi-structured interviews, first explores and extracts the most important issues related to the current political economy of Iran and then, using the paradigm model has developed an appropriate strategy for the optimal management of the economy. The results show that the most important categories related to the current defective economy are the spatial distribution of power, the rentier state, and the underdevelopment of the social sector, the Dutch disease, sanctions, as well as epistemological ignorance and methods. Cognition of international political economy. Among these, the two factors of space nationality in Iran and the state's reliance on non-productive resources have caused states in Iran to become anti-geographic. In addition, the proposed strategy for the optimal management of Iran's political economy in the framework of the actor-network theory is to construct a central category of the social economy network, which by creating a balance and exchange between the concepts of society, economy and state, it leads Iran's political economy to spatial fluidity and a production-competitive economy.
Dr Aliakbar Imani, Dr Fatemeh Saki,
Volume 23, Issue 68 (4-2023)
Abstract
The concept of balance has been applied into various areas such as Davis's evolutionary perspective, the field of systemic epistemology as well as the concepts and interpretations of the Quranic verses about the phenomena of the earth's surface. Davis's theory about the balance of forms and morphology states that the forms of the earth in longer periods of time are evolving or gradually decaying, in other words, they have progressive and irreversible change. This concept has strong entropy maximization and positive feedback, but without a doubt, what is meant by the concept of balance in Davis's point of view is comparable to what is meant by the systemic point of view and the concepts of verses from the Quran that show evolution, order, continuity and balance in phenomena. In this regard, there are three points of view that can be examined. They are similar considering two of the points of view, however, there are differences regarding the time frame required for the destruction of the mountains.However, according to Gilbert's point of view, the appearance of the form and process can be associated to mechanisms of negative feedback. The results are subject to change and fluctuation with different intensities and cause the surface forms of the earth to change their shape according to the intensity of the fluctuation which does not contradict with the Quranic verses. Additionally, Gaia's perspective, which examines life and its effects on the earth according to the positive and negative feedbacks in a system, is consistent with the concepts of the Quranic verses. This study is a fundamental research that aims to compare the three theories of Davis, Gilbert and Gaya with the verses of the Quran to discover their similarities and differences.
Reyhane Salehabadi, Syrus Ahmadi, Afshin Motaghi,
Volume 23, Issue 71 (12-2023)
Abstract
Borders are known as places where government institutions implement their own law in a variety of ways and forms. Given the different approaches to border control and management, it can be seen that this issue is still viewed as a security issue in developing countries, including Iran, and most of the approaches related to this are from a purely security perspective. The boundary view must be multidimensional and comprehensive. In this study, we seek to answer the questions of how land border management can be done. And which of the indicators of border management is more weighty and important? Therefore, the research method is a combination of Kendall, Demetel and AHP methods. The findings of the study show that we have five main components of border management in economic, cultural-social, civil, security-military and integrated management, and each of the seven components. Using these techniques, it can be stated that indicators such as identifying and identifying opportunities and identifying their fertility factors (0.1), studying and understanding the geographical location and spatial conditions of border regions (0.099), can be determined and determined. Identifying threats and identifying their roots and factors (0.098) and excluding border areas of isolation (0.096) are the most important. Therefore, it can be concluded that border management should be considered in combination with other factors, ie the application of only one approach, such as economic or security, cannot solve the problems of the country's border regions.
Alireza Mohajeri, Reza Shaabani, Sina Foroozesh,
Volume 24, Issue 72 (3-2024)
Abstract
The Qajar period should be considered as a period of numerous economic, political, and military treaties, treaties, and treaties. Territorial, trade, and economic expansionism imposed on Iran by the clever politicians of foreign governments with superior military power, and many benefits from these treaties and agreements benefited these countries, especially Russia. Following that, geographical and historical developments began in the Turkmen settlements of northeastern Iran. This article has been prepared with the aim of analyzing the historical geography of Khorasan region in the northeast and the approach of the government-nation of Iran to the Akhal contract. It is a descriptive-analytical research method. Research data is collected through documentation and library. The analysis of the article has been done with a qualitative approach based on documents and arguments. The analytical results showed geographical and border changes in the northern part of Iran. As part of the Akhal contract, parts of northeastern Iran were annexed to Russia and Iran's historical geography in northeastern socio-political changes and the reaction of the Turkmen people while the photo There was no action among Qajar government officials.
Ehsan Lashgari Tafreshi,
Volume 24, Issue 75 (12-2024)
Abstract
In the classical view, the political dimension study of space has always been considered as the political geography ontological basic. Gradually from the 1980s with the development of post-positivist perspectives on human geography; Politics affected all social spheres from government and political parties to gender and considered the smallest power relations associated with the political concept. The political issue has rejected the organization of space on the basis of formal logic and has introduced new forms of epistemological reconstruction in the study of the relationship between politics and space. In this article, has been attempted to explain the political epistemological consequences in the study of relationship between politics and space. Research findings indicate that political dimension of space study is needed epistemic relativism in context of the political. In this regard, intersubjective cognition has a special dependence on the historical evolution of space and therefore requires to power factor genealogy. This spatial genealogy is always linked to the conflict that exists in human societies and forms the possibility of space antagonistic cognition. In this regard, the social meaning of geographical space; considered as place of conflict and resistance of marginalized groups and hegemonic forces in society Which reach a kind of adaptive balance within a certain time. This process is caused, the epistemological model adaptation of cultural geography and political geography with each other.
