In the process of urban space creation, there exists a continuous exchange of ideas concerning the current state of that space and the desired conditions as articulated by its inhabitants. Improvements in the challenging realities of urban environments are often manifested through physical changes, one of which is urban regeneration. Given the proliferation of urban regeneration projects in recent decades, it is imperative to consider the social dimensions inherent in these initiatives. In this context, social capital, recognized as a significant social asset within neighborhoods, has assumed particular importance in the discourse surrounding regeneration. This research examines the role of social capital in the regeneration of urban neighborhoods, with a specific focus on the Islamabad Karaj neighborhood. The methodological approach employed in this investigation is descriptive-analytical. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the influence of social capital on the regeneration processes within the Islamabad Karaj neighborhood as perceived by its residents. Data collection for the theoretical framework was conducted using documentary analysis, while the empirical component involved a survey utilizing a questionnaire. The statistical population comprises individuals aged 15 years and older residing in a neighborhood of over 25,000 inhabitants, from which a sample of 410 respondents was selected through simple random sampling, employing Cochran's formula. For data analysis, Spearman's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted using SPSS software. The findings indicate a strong correlation between social capital and urban regeneration within the Karaj neighborhood of Islamabad. The implications of this research highlight the necessity to focus on the components of social capital and to implement policies aimed at its maintenance and enhancement to facilitate successful urban regeneration in the Islamabad Karaj neighborhood.

Policy-making in tourism development planning necessitates the adoption of innovative methodologies within the domain of urban governance. In alignment with this framework, it is imperative to implement policies that focus on the processes of "developing a good governance model for tourism in the post-COVID-19 era in Iran." This approach aims to mitigate the challenges posed by the pandemic, which has imposed significant strain on the tourism industry by reducing the evaluation of tourism governance indicators and establishing a foundation for their implementation. The methodology of this research is descriptive-survey with a practical focus, employing both documentary studies and field research. The qualitative component of the study utilized interviews as a tool for data analysis and the examination of relevant tourism indicators. The statistical population comprises experts and stakeholders involved in the tourism sector in Iran, with a sample size of 14 individuals selected through a combination of purposive and snowball sampling techniques. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the data were analyzed through a process of open, axial, and selective coding until theoretical saturation was achieved, leading to the categorization of main and sub-categories. The data analysis was informed by the grounded theory methodology. The findings of this research, which identify indicators of effective governance and elucidate the causal conditions for the application of such governance in Iran's tourism industry, provide a foundation for potential outcomes, including the enhancement of the business environment, particularly in the aftermath of the economic downturn experienced due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These outcomes may lead to the creation of competitive advantages through the establishment of conducive platforms, including organizational measures, infrastructure development, technological enhancements, and the implementation of information and communication management strategies, marketing strategies, and oversight mechanisms, all of which are articulated as a comprehensive model.

This study investigates the impact of the OLR MJO Index (OMI) and the Real-time Multivariate MJO (RMM) of the Madden-Julian Oscillation on the frequency of dust storms in the stations of Abadan, Ahvaz, Bostan, Bandar Mahshahr, Dezful, Ramhormoz, and Masjed Soleiman, located in Khuzestan province, during the period from April to September 1987-2021. Pearson correlation coefficients were computed to assess the relationship between dust data and the indices, and the findings were depicted through zoning maps. Subsequently, the frequency percentage of each index for both positive and negative phases was quantified. The results indicate a direct and significant correlation between the positive and negative phases of the indices and dust occurrences (with the exception of Dezful station), particularly during the positive phase of the OMI and the negative phase of the RMM. The highest correlation coefficients, ranging from 0.77 to 0.72, were observed for Bandar Mahshahr and Dezful stationsduring the positive phase of the RMM index. Analysis of the relationship between the Madden-Julian Oscillation and dust storms revealed that between 51% and 59% of dust storms in Khuzestan province occurred in the negative phase of the OMI index, while 40% to 49% occurred in the positive phase. In the case of the RMM index, 56% to 63% of dust storms were associated with its negative phase, in contrast to 37% to 50% linked to its positive phase. Notably, the negative phase of the RMM index exhibited a higher percentage of dust storms compared to the negative phase of the OMI index. According to the results of the Monte Carlo test, the displacement of the positive and negative phases of the RMM index significantly contributes to the occurrence of dust storms at most stations in Khuzestan province. Furthermore, tracking the pathways of dust entering Khuzestan province using the HYSPLIT model indicates the movement of particles originating from Iraq, Arabia, and the eastern regions of Syria toward Khuzestan province..

Water is a strategic and scarce resource that has become increasingly limited in recent years due to a variety of national and transnational factors, significantly impacting security, stability, development, and prosperity in various countries. The profound influence of water on these domains has positioned it at the forefront of the foreign policy and hydropolitical relations of numerous nations, including those in South West Asia. In recent years, despite the prominence of the water crisis and its implications for the relations between Iran and Iraq within scholarly, political, and media discussions, the complexities of this issue remain poorly understood, leading to disparate interpretations. 
The current research, which is exploratory in nature, utilized library methods for data collection with the aim of achieving a qualitative understanding of the multifaceted hydropolitical relations between Iran and Iraq. This study not only seeks to identify the content and methodological characteristics of existing literature but also aims to uncover research gaps in this field employing a qualitative meta-analysis approach. Through this method, the research examined 34 studies published between 2014 and 2023, including domestic scientific articles, theses, and contributions to reputable international journals. The findings indicate that a comprehensive analysis of the various dimensions of hydropolitical relations between Iran and Iraq has yet to be undertaken. In this context, the absence of accurate and reliable data, alongside the inadequacy of theoretical and cognitive frameworks, represents significant deficiencies in the existing research on the bilateral relations of these two countries.
 

Dust is a phenomenon with significant environmental impacts across various aspects of human life, including agriculture, economy, health, and more. The purpose of this study is to investigate and predict the dust phenomenon in Kermanshah. Meteorological data with a 3-hour resolution for the statistical period (2000–2020) from the Kermanshah station was obtained from the Meteorological Organization. First, the dust data were normalized, and then Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models were used to predict dust concentration, while the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) was employed to analyze and predict the time series of dust occurrence in MATLAB software. The findings revealed that the maximum predicted dust concentration, related to the minimum dew point with the highest Pearson correlation with dust, was estimated at 3451.23 µg/m³. Additionally, the results of the time series prediction using the ANFIS model showed that the linear bell membership function with grade 3, during both the training and testing stages, was the most effective input function among other membership functions. According to the forecasting models, the highest probability of maximum dust occurrence in the next 20 years in Kermanshah is 94%. Based on the aforementioned studies, sufficient information was gathered to conduct this research. The phenomenon of dust, particularly in western Iran and the city of Kermanshah, has consistently posed significant challenges for the residents of these areas. This phenomenon is influenced by specific atmospheric conditions that cause irreparable damage annually, leading to respiratory issues and deteriorating air quality. Therefore, it is essential to pay serious attention to the issue of dust.
 

The emergence of new cities can be attributed to the significant increase in the population of urban areas. Over the past two decades, numerous new cities have been established in proximity to the country's metropolises, with the new city of Sahand serving as a pertinent example. The primary objective of this research is to elucidate the physical development trajectory of Sahand, utilizing Landsat satellite imagery spanning the statistical period from 1373 to 1401. To this end, satellite images corresponding to four distinct statistical periods (1373, 1383, 1393, and 1401) were acquired from the Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 satellites. By applying a band calculation function to the images captured by the Thematic Mapper (TM) and Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensors, the physical changes in the urban fabric of Sahand during the specified temporal intervals were quantified and analyzed. The findings of this research indicate that the physical growth and development of Sahand commenced in 2013, at which point the urban area encompassed 282 hectares, representing a 28-fold increase since that year. In the subsequent decade, the urban area expanded to 570 hectares, reflecting a 100% growth relative to the previous decade. Ultimately, during the final decade under review, the urban area reached 850 hectares, exhibiting a growth rate of 50%. Notably, District 6 of Sahand, which constitutes approximately 35% of the city's physical fabric, emerged as one of the fastest-growing regions between the years 1393 and 1400. Moreover, a statistically significant correlation was identified between population growth and the physical development of Sahand during the statistical period from 1380 to 1400, with a confidence level of 0.95 (P_value=0.05) and a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.91. Consequently, the regression model fitted to the relationship between population growth and urban fabric expansion, when incorporating the projected population density following the implementation of Mehr housing policies (which anticipates a population of 185,000), suggests that the area of Sahand's physical fabric will increase to 1,181 hectares in the forthcoming decade, indicating a growth rate of 38%. 

Climate change and global warming are very important issues of the present century. Climate change process, especially temperature and precipitation changes, the most important issue is environmental science. Climate change means a change in the long-term average. Iran is located in the subtropical high pressure zone in arid and semi-arid regions and the Hyrcanian forest is a green area between the Caspian Sea and the Alborz mountain range. At the 43rd UNESCO Summit, the Hyrcanian forests were registered as the second natural heritage of Iran. Beech is one of the most important tree species and the most industrial species of Hyrcanian forests It accounts for about 18 percent of the northern forest volume (from Astara to Gorgan with a life span of about 250 years). The study area is located in the Shanderman basin in western Guilan province. In this research using tree dendroclimatology, Use of vegetative width of beech tree rings, Weather station statistics located in the study area, And Mann-Kendall nonparametric statistical method, To Investigate Climate Change Trend on Growth Time Series and Pearson Statistical Method, in order to evaluate the correlation of diameter growth of beech tree rings with climate variables in the region, an attempt was made. Results of time series of beech tree growth rings over 202 years. Using the nonparametric method Mann- Kendall showed, Changes in growth rings of beech trees have a downward and negative trend, at level 5 %, it was significant. Temperature Minimum, Average, Maximum, and Evaporation during the growing season, there was an upward trend and Annual precipitation there was a downward trend. Using the Pearson method Fit correlation of growth ring diameter with temperature, For the average monthly in February and the average minimum temperature in July, August and September and Negative correlation, for average maximum temperature in February, July, August and September at 95% level, it was significant and precipitation in June, the correlation was 95% positive and significant.

This study investigates the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on the physicochemical composition of groundwater in the Qazvin aquifer. Based on the optimized Gibbs diagram, the concentration of samples at the end of the freshwater interaction path with silicate units results from geochemical evolution due to the dissolution of these geological units and an increase in the Na/(Na+Ca) ratio. The ion exchange mechanism was assessed using bivariate diagrams of Ca+Mg vs. SO4+HCO3 and Schoeller's chloro-alkaline indices CAI-1 and CAI-2. The results indicate that in 68% of the samples, direct ion exchange, and in 32%, reverse ion exchange control the groundwater chemistry. The changes in Ca vs. SO4 indicate that gypsum dissolution alone is not the source of these ions. These changes could be due to ion mobility and transport during pedogenic processes (sulfur biogeochemical cycle) and anthropogenic factors. The study also examined the role of factors such as agricultural input, atmospheric input, soil nitrogen, sewage input, manure input, chemical fertilizers, and the denitrification process in groundwater pollution using NO3/Na vs. Cl/Na and the NO3/Cl vs. Cl diagrams. The results reveal that agricultural and sewage inputs significantly impact the NO3 and Cl content. Furthermore, in some locations, especially in the southeast of the aquifer, the denitrification process causes a decrease in NO3 concentration. These findings can contribute to effective water resource management in this strategic aquifer by understanding the controlling mechanisms of physicochemical composition and identifying potential groundwater pollution sources.