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Investigating the climatic parameter of enviroment temperature using oxygen 18 isotope analysis and carbon13 in Jazmurian playa
Arefe Shabani Eraghi, Seyed Mohammad Zamanzade, Fariba Karami,
Volume 25, Issue 79 (12-2025)
Abstract
Reconstructing paleoclimate, particularly environmental temperature, plays a crucial role in understanding both current and future climate patterns. The aim of this research is to investigate the climatic conditions and estimate the ambient temperature during the Holocene period based on two sediment cores extracted from the Jazmurian Basin. Paleotemperature reconstruction was conducted using several methods, including the calculation of the standardized coefficient of variation of oxygen-18 and carbon-13 isotopes. For this purpose, the isotopic analysis of oxygen-18/oxygen-16 and carbon-13 was performed. In Jazmurian core 1, the initial temperature was estimated at 46°C. A decreasing trend of approximately 10°C was observed down to a depth of 175 cm, distributed across eight stratigraphic levels. At 175 cm, the temperature shows an increasing trend, followed by a decline at the subsequent level, and then a return to an increasing and stable trend in the next two levels. In Jazmurian core 2, the initial temperature was approximately 50°C. A sharp decrease in temperature is observed between depths of 80 to 125 cm. Subsequently, there is a slight increase of about 1°C, which remains relatively stable until a depth of 170 cm. Beyond this point, the temperature decreases again in the final two layers. The concentration of carbon-13 in core 1 ranges from 0 to 25.6, while in core 2 it varies between 25.9 and 27.1. In core 1, six carbon -13 isotope samples show a value of zero, indicating an absence of carbon-13 in those sediment layers. In contrast, core 2 displays a narrower range of variation in carbon-13 values. The isotopic and temperature variations observed in these sediment cores reflect different climatic phases during the Holocene in the Jazmurian region. Such climatic changes are often linked to cultural shifts, and the decline of ancient civilizations has frequently coincided with environmental transformations. The findings of this research may be of significant value to archaeology researchers, particularly those studying ancient Iranian civilizations.
Spatial Analysis of Precipitation in the Middle East
Sayyed Mohammad Hosseini,
Volume 26, Issue 80 (3-2026)
Abstract
for the spatial analysis of precipitation in the Middle East, have been used gridded precipitation data from the World Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) with a monthly temporal resolution and a spatial resolution of 0.5×0.5 arc degrees. Therefore, a matrix of 80 x 160 dimensions was obtained for the Middle East region (160 longitudinal cells and 80 transverse cells). The reason for choosing network data is their proper spatial and temporal separation and their up-to-date compared to station data. The period under investigation is from 1970 to 2020 AD. Finally, the long-term maps of the Middle East precipitation were drawn on an annual and monthly basis. The results indicate that precipitation in the Middle East tends to concentrate and cluster in the spatial and temporal dimension. In other words, due to the special geographical location of the Middle East region, such as uneven topography, distance and proximity to moisture-feeding sources (Caspian Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean) and the direction of unevenness, Precipitation in high altitude areas, It is concentrated in the neighborhood of seas and oceans and also in the windy slopes of the mountain range of the region. The uneven distribution of geographical conditions has caused uneven distribution of Precipitation in the Middle East. So that; The center and gravity of the Middle Eastern Precipitation is concentrated in the eastern end of the Black Sea, southern Turkey in the neighborhood of Syria and Iraq, the Ararat-Zagors belt in the west of Iran, the southern shore of the Caspian Sea, the Pamir highlands and the Bay of Bengal in India, and the Hindu Kush highlands in Pakistan. Is. However, the many parts of the Middle East, due to their proximity to large deserts (African Sahara, Lut Desert, Dasht-Kavir, Arabia's Rab-al-Khali and Afghan deserts), have less than 100 mm of Precipitation. The results showed that the maximum Precipitation of this region has been transferred to the winter season, and the summer season is still the driest period in the Middle East, and only the coasts of the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal have monsoon rains

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