Showing 28 results for Omi
Mohammad Motamedi, Mohammad Gharavi,
Volume 20, Issue 56 (3-2020)
Abstract
Cities are dramatically turning into complex social, economic, and environmental systems. Each urban system is vulnerable when it can not adapt to its changing conditions and critical situations. Therefore, in recent decades, natural disaster response approaches have introduced a new concept of urban resilience to prepare for disaster as much as possible. Is. Despite the recent attention and the abundant use of the concept of resilience in different areas of theoretical and practical limitations of this concept, this study aims to explain the causal pattern of resilience of cities. The present research is based on the descriptive-causal methodology. The statistical sample of the study was compiled by 35 experts and specialists in urban planning. Fuzzy Dumbled Fan was used to achieve the research goal. The findings of this study showed that based on the values of D-R, among the four metrics of urban resilience, the physical criterion with the value (0.943) was the most effective measure of resilience in the city. Also, based on the D + R values, the physical criterion with the value of (896/2) was identified as the most important resiliency criterion in the city.
Mr Ghorbanali Karimi Dehkordi, Phd Rahmatollah Monshizadeh, Phd Bijan Rahmani,
Volume 20, Issue 56 (3-2020)
Abstract
The rapid expansion of cities and their uneven physical growth, so-called "urban creep", have corrupted the villages and their surrounding lands, causing irregular conversion of agricultural lands and degradation of environmental resources. This situation has also been widespread in Shahrekord, the capital of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The purpose of this descriptive-survey research is to determine the physical developments of rural settlements around Shahrekord with emphasis on urban sprwal. The statistical population is household heads of rural areas (15000 people). Using the Krejcie and Morgan table, 400 individuals were selected. The tool used is a researcher-made questionnaire on three dimensions of economic, social, cultural and environmental physical consequences. Data were analyzed using one-sample t-test and Friedman test. The results show that the consequences of urban sprawl are respectively environmental-physical consequences (3/98), economic consequences (3/96) and socio-cultural consequences (3/89 (. The most important environmental-physical consequences are increased environmental pollution, destruction of traditional architecture, destruction of biodiversity; major economic consequences of stock markets and rising land and housing prices, diminishing villagers' reluctance to productive activities (agriculture and livestock), capital flight from villages And their savings in the city and the rising cost of living amidst the socio-cultural consequences of luxury and the tendency to consume luxury goods, reduce solidarity and participation, crowding and crowding in cities, modeling of life and urbanization culture. have been.
Mrs. Atefeh Shahmohammadi, Dr. Ali Bayat, Mr. Saeed Mashhadizadeh Maleki,
Volume 20, Issue 58 (9-2020)
Abstract
Urban development and air pollution are among the most important issues related to climate. The expansion of urbanization and urban development, population growth, industrial development and excessive use of fossil fuels significantly increased air pollution and it is more than the capacity of the environment. In our country, the emissions of air pollutants in some metropolitan areas have reached a dangerous level, Mashhad is considered to be the most polluted cities of the country in some days of the year. Nitrogen dioxide is one of the indicators of air pollution. In this study, the OMI data and atmospheric parameters such as wind, surface temperature, and horizontal visibility data for the period from 2004 to May 2016 were used to investigate the air pollution in Mashhad. The results show that the maximum (minimum) nitrogen dioxide levels occur in the cold (hot) season. The highest amount of nitrogen dioxide in January is equal to 5.56 × 1015 molec/cm2 and its lowest value in September is 4.18 × 1015 molec/cm2. Standard deviation of nitrogen dioxide also indicates that the greatest changes occur in cold seasons. Also, the results showed that the dominant wind in the city of Mashhad is from the south, and most of the winds are slow. Correlation coefficient of nitrogen dioxide with wind and surface temperature is -0.36 and -0.57, respectively, which shows the higher importance of temperature in nitrogen dioxide changes in Mashhad city. The correlation coefficient of nitrogen dioxide with horizontal visibility is -0.15, which indicates that with increasing nitrogen dioxide contamination, horizontal visibility decreases. Spectral analysis of least squares of the six and twelve-month periods of rotation was observed, they were also statistically significant. After eliminating the significant components of the time series of the average monthly nitrogen dioxide, the trend was calculated. The amount of nitrogen dioxide in each year for Mashhad was 2.41 × 1013 molec/cm2.
Ahmad Asadi, Ebrahim Akbari,
Volume 20, Issue 58 (9-2020)
Abstract
The present study is descriptive-analytical and for the purpose of application. The main objective of the present research is to develop a combination of quality of life indicators for neighborhoods in District 2 of Mashhad. The required information was obtained from the municipality of Mashhad and the questionnaire was used. According to the population of Region 2 in 1395, which is 513365 people, according to the Cochran formula, 383 questionnaires were arranged. The questionnaire was completed after the preparation and implementation of experts' opinions by referring at the level of the studied sites. The required criteria were prepared and standardized in the form of spatial information in the GIS environment. Economic, social and access areas were selected as the main criteria for research and were identified for each of the following criteria. Subsequently, using spatial analysis and multi-criteria decision making model (ANP), the final quality of life index was derived from the integration of indicators. The results indicate a good quality of life in the central neighborhoods, and there are no marginal areas of desirable quality. It also increases the level of quality of life in the vicinity of the recreational centers and follows the spatial patterns. Part of the margin of the agent's neighborhoods, the martyr Basir and Hedayat, which are the marginal areas of the study area, are not in the best of all three territories; and other neighborhoods due to easy access to public services, including health services, training, and facility focus Modern welfare has a better quality of life than other neighborhoods, of which 11675700 square meters, which is equivalent to 30 percent of the area of the study area, has a very good quality of life. Also, sites that are very low in terms of economic and social indicators are moderate in terms of access. In the following, the results of spatial statistics tests (spatial spatial correlation and J statistics) indicate the distribution of the cluster model of quality of life. In other words, quality of life indicators do not have the same spatial distribution in the study area.
Shamsi Sadat Mir Asadollahi, Sadraldin Motavali, Gholam Reza Janbaz Ghobadi,
Volume 20, Issue 59 (12-2020)
Abstract
Natural disasters are a set of harmful events that are natural origin that sometimes human factors are also effective in exacerbating. In the same vein strengthening the social and economic component and after that resiliency can play an important and effective role in reducing flood damage. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive –analytical and field nature. Survey method and data gathering tool were closed questionnaires, the analysis method is based on correlation and regression test. The statistical population includes citizens living around the river and flood areas that 383 people selected as sample and the questionnaire was distributed by cluster sampling among respondents, according to research finding , the average social resilience 1/60 , average economic aberration ( the amount of damage ) 4/53 ,average capacity with ability to compensate 8/69 , eventually average return to appropriate condition 4/67 .in the test section, hypotheses are determined according to the result of the regression test and correlation which has a significant relationship between urban and urban spatial and social dimensions. Strengthen local organs and organizations in a decentralized state , one of the important ways to increase the social participation of citizens of Gorgan during the crisis.by providing people's participation and strengthening the people's economic ability when natural hazards occur including flood, the initiative of the people is strengthened and the scope for reducing the damage caused by the flood is reduced . people are faced with real and tangible issues with the executive and so on their gap crisis management and conflicts of interest will diminish.
Dr Ali Movahed, Dr Ali Shamai, Mis Mahnaz Bahmani,
Volume 21, Issue 60 (3-2021)
Abstract
Leisure is an integral part of everyday life in today's world. Today, leisure is a new social arena in which various factors influence. Understanding these factors and examining their role and their impact on active (external) and inactive (external) leisure has been a major part of proper city management since this day. Therefore, in this study, using exploratory method, we sought to identify the factors affecting leisure time in district 22 of Tehran. This is a cross-sectional, applied research. The method of data collection is survey and its tool is a questionnaire. This study, using inferential statistical methods and SPSS software and statistical analysis such as correlation, regression and t-test, attempted to analyze the relationship between independent research variables (functional, security, aesthetic, transportation, economic, biological). Environment and infrastructure facilities) and the dependent variable (active and inactive leisure time), to identify the maximum impact and the least impact of the variables. The results showed that the effect and correlation of factors on leisure time (active and inactive) were different. In other words, indoor or passive leisure time is less affected by the external environment and context. But on the other hand, leisure time active or foreign in the 22nd district of Tehran is strongly influenced by background conditions and the external environment. Aesthetic variables and infrastructure facilities have the highest relationship with active leisure time and economic, performance and economic components have the least impact. In the passive leisure time, most of the impact factor is related to infrastructure and least to economic component.
Mr Mohammad Valaei, Dr Abdollah Abdollahi, Mr Aghil Khaleghi, Mis Eynaz Skandarzadeh,
Volume 21, Issue 60 (3-2021)
Abstract
Livestock farming is one of the most important activities in rural areasand most villagers, along with agriculture and horticulture, are engaged in animal husbandry (Livestock storage) and some products of the villagers in the agriculture and horticulture sector are devoted to livestock feeding, and others are consumed or sold, such as lob bits, live meat and etc. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of livestock economics on sustainable rural development. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and method. Library and field studies have been used to collect data. The study area is East Gavdoul District in the Malekan County. According to the census of this region, there were 2306 households and 7468 inhabitants in 2016. According to the Cochran formula, 283 households were selected as the statistical sample of the research. This sample was randomly selected from households with livelihood economics. To analyze data on inferential statistics, one-sample t-test, regression, analysis and performance diagrams were used. The results of this study showed that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between livestock economy and sustainable rural development with a correlation of 0.400 and significance level of 0.30; So, for the dimensions of livestock economics, the economic sector with the impact of 0.743 and the social sector with the impact of 0.355 have the most impact on the sustainable rural development in the region. Also, the physical section with an impact value of 0.176 has had the lowest level of impact on sustainable rural development in the region. The general results of the research show that the economic sector with 0.41% and the social sector with 0.31% have a positive effect on the development and expansion of th
e livestock economy of the area.
Dr Ali Akbar Shayan Yeganeh, Mrs Mina Firoz Yazdi, Dr Javad Jamalabadi,
Volume 21, Issue 61 (6-2021)
Abstract
Water is one of the most vital human needs. Chromium is one of the heavy metals that causes water pollution in different regions. The studied area is Joghatai Mountains and Davarzan, Khoshab, Joghatai, Joveyn and Sabzevar plains of Razavi Khorasan Province. This research has studied, analyzed water pollution with the element of chromium as well as the impact of lithology mountains Joghatai, on the quality of water in the region from the point of view of chromit. In this research, 13 samples were collected and tested by atomic spectrometer method.To check the amount of chromium present in them by comparing the findings with standard limits. The results of this study show that the amount of chromium in the selected water sources varies from 1.2 to 1.3 mg / L. Geochemical samples vary from 210 ppm to 4700 ppm. The lithology of the region especially the chromium mines has affected the quality of water but the density of faults and fans did not affect the amount of dissolved chromite. The effect of the slope of the geological layers is positive and the role of acidity in the pollution is poor. Finally, the amount of chromium in some samples is higher than the standard limit and should be considered by the custodians.
Aliakbar Anabestani, Mahdi Masoumi,
Volume 21, Issue 63 (12-2021)
Abstract
In the last decade, the lake tourism as one of the newest branches of natural tourism has been under attention of scientific societies. So that this type of tourism has grown significantly and many economic benefits for host communities has brought. The aim of this study is evaluating the factors affecting lake tourism development in Iran. In this regard, a wide variety of indicators in the dimensions of attractions, infrastructure, cultural acceptance, economic, social and environmental In the form of a questionnaire tourism experts and field studies were examined. For binary comparison and a final weight criteria and options, of AHP fuzzy, ANP and GRA techniques in the form of questionnaires and 20 teachers and experts from organizations linked to tourism have been used. The results confirms that: Based on the results of the paired comparison of factors affecting lake tourism of the development using multiple fuzzy AHP and ANP in terms of tourism experts, Criteria attractions by weight of 0.247 in fuzzy AHP and 0.246 in the ANP model and The criteria infrastructural factors weighing 0.229 in fuzzy AHP and 0.234 in the ANP model Has the greatest impact on the lake tourism of development. Finally, with the objective of ranking factors affecting the lake tourism of development in the villages surrounding the lake, using techniques GRA, found that conditions Dowbaneh and dasht Arjan villages are better than other villages and Qashm qavi and Arab Famour villages at the lowest level of lake tourism of the development have been.
Ahadollah Fatahi, Afsaneh Ahmadi, Vahid Riahi, Hamid Jalalian,
Volume 22, Issue 64 (3-2022)
Abstract
The diversification of economic activities in rural areas is considered as a strategy where rural households increase their income sources. The villages of Saqez city, despite having high environmental potential and capacity in different sectors, such as agriculture, have a poor livelihood and economic status. Therefore, the present article seeks to answer the following questions: What are the appropriate strategies for diversifying economic activities in the villages of Saqiz? The present study was conducted through descriptive-analytic method. In a survey method, SWOC analysis model and QSPM evaluation matrix, we presented appropriate strategies. To design a strategic model and determine the ranking of factors 20 from experts and also to factor out the factors of 300 villagers in the area. The study sample is selected as sample. The results of the SWOC model show that the existence of an appropriate ecosystem in the region for tourism development, the existence of four climates in the region and the possibility of cultivation in each season, as well as the presence of the leading farmers in the region, are the most important strengths against the weakness of the financial and economic context of many Villagers and traditional exploitation are the most important internal weaknesses for diversifying economic activities in the study area. Also, the results of this model indicate that in the external environment 34 opportunities have been identified, the attention of the authorities to the conversion and complementary industries, the border area and the suitable field for exporting agricultural products to the Iraqi countries, are the most important external opportunities and in contrast to 36 challenges and limitations. The key factors of the migration and exodus of elite educated to Tehran and neighboring provinces, climate change and increasing natural hazards such as floods and droughts are the most important external barriers affecting the diversification of economic activities in the villages of the study area. Also, the results indicate It gives diversification of the activities of the economy The studied villages should be focused on strengths and opportunities.
D.r Mehrshad Toulabi Nejad, Ali Manzam Esmailpor, Sana Rahmani, Khadijeh Sadeghi,
Volume 22, Issue 65 (6-2022)
Abstract
In recent years, one of the main approaches to rural development and increasing the well-being of rural households is the development of rural tourism. Because tourism development can play an important role in the well-being of households as well as in rural livelihoods. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tourism on improving the welfare of coastal villages in Chabahar. The present research is a descriptive-analytical approach. The statistical population of rural households is Chabahar (N = 3720). Using Cochran formula and quota sampling method, 280 households in 6 coastal villages with tourist attractions are selected as samples. To analyze the data and to answer the research questions, unlimited exploratory co-univariate test, variance analysis and multivariate regression were used. The results showed that in terms of economic welfare indicators, tourism had the most effects on seasonal employment, income growth, housing development, and local economy mobility. In terms of social welfare indicators, tourism has the most impact on improving leisure time, changing lifestyle and lifestyle, developing health facilities, and increasing the sense of belonging to local people. Also, the results showed that tourism in the villages of the study area had significant effects on the economic and social well-being of rural households, but compared with social indicators, tourism had the most impact on economic well-being and its indicators. In line with the findings of the research, suggestions were made regarding the development of rural tourism and the welfare of rural households.
Reyhaneh Salehabadi, Mr Mohammad Reza Hafeznia, Mr Seyyed Hadi Zarghani, Syrus Ahmadi,
Volume 22, Issue 66 (9-2022)
Abstract
The national strength of algebraic aggregation is a large number of positive and negative factors that are composed of numerous sources and resources. One of the important sources of national power in the world today and in the post-Cold War period is economic power, which is itself the bedrock of other superstructures, such as political, military, and so on. This research uses descriptive-analytical method and using library resources and field research to answer this question. What are the most important variables and indicators that shape economic power of countries? The findings of the research by examining library documents show that the four main components of economic power including infrastructure, production exchange, production level and financial resources can affect economic power. Meanwhile, 61 variables related to quadruple components were identified. Then, by using the Likert spectrum questionnaire, internal knowledge was measured to measure the importance of each of these variables. Accordingly, economic infrastructure, high-tech exports, food imports and international currency reserves were of high importance. On the other hand, variables such as the share of the poor in the consumption of national income, economic competition, foreign ownership, and commercial costs of violent crimes were of minor importance. Finally, it can be argued that countries have an obligation to take into account the factors and variables in the economic dimension to achieve their national interests and interests.
Mrs. Atefeh Shahmohammadi, Dr. Ali Bayat, Mr. Saeed Mashhadizadeh Maleki,
Volume 22, Issue 67 (12-2022)
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the major problems in large cities, which can be harmful to human health and the environment. Isfahan is one of the most polluted cities in Iran.
Its geographic location and low wind speed, industrial activities, transportation, agriculture, and other human activities have created critical air pollution conditions for the city. Nitrogen dioxide is an important pollutant of air pollution, which is monitored using ground stations and satellite measurements. In this paper, daily data of nitrogen dioxide from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite sensor, wind and surface temperature of Isfahan Meteorological Station data were used between October 2004 and May 2016. The average amount of nitrogen dioxide in the measured range is .The highest amount of nitrogen dioxide ( ) was observed in December and the lowest ( ) was observed in July. The standard deviation of the winter season ( ) is higher than the summer season ( ). The correlation coefficient of nitrogen dioxide with wind and temperature was -0.41 and -0.54, respectively, which indicates the higher importance of temperature in nitrogen dioxide changes. After the formation of the time series, the average monthly nitrogen dioxide content was determined using spectral analysis of least squares of statistically meaningful peaks corresponding periods. These statistically meaningful peaks corresponding periods have been eliminated from the mean monthly nitrogen dioxide time series, and with the linear fit on the residual time series, the trend has been calculated. The nitrogen dioxide trend for Isfahan is per year with 95% confidence.
Mohammad Saghebi, Ezatollah Mafi, Mehdi Watanparast,
Volume 22, Issue 67 (12-2022)
Abstract
Today, urban livability is the key concept in urban planning. At present, the concept of sustainable development and livability is one of the new concepts in developed countries. The city of Bojnourd has witnessed unequal urban spaces due to the increasing population growth, especially in the last three decades, so the necessity and importance of the issue of livability is quite evident in the city today. This study was developed with the aim of evaluating and measuring urban viability and the factors affecting it. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. In order to collect the required data and information, library and field methods and questionnaire tools were used. The statistical population of the study consists of citizens living in Bojnourd, the sample size was estimated 384 people using Cochranchr('39')s formula. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, one-sample t-test and linear regression were used in SPSS software. The results of this study showed that the situation of urban livability in Bojnourd, according to the general average obtained, which was equal to 2.75, is in a situation below the average. Also, in terms of the studied dimensions, the social dimension with an average of 2.84 has the highest average and the environmental dimension with an average of 2.67 has the lowest average. Also, the results of this study show that the situation in Region 2 is better than in Region 1 of Bojnourd. Other findings of this study include the positive effect of citizenschr('39') sense of security and health on urban livability.
Dr Sajedeh Karimi,
Volume 23, Issue 69 (6-2023)
Abstract
Many efforts have been made to address the negative effects of sprawling urban expansion, which can be referred to as "smart growth" as a strategy for urban sustainability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of smart city growth on economic and social parameters in Isfahan. The present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of the type of research and is applied-developmental in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of the population of Isfahan city in the Census of 2016 (5120850). The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire (Smart City Questionnaire, Economic Questionnaire and Social Questionnaire) with 32 questions. The validity of the questionnaire was formal, which was confirmed by experts and professors, and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha was 0.84. Data analysis, based on structural equation analysis, was performed in AMOS software. The results indicate that urban smart growth in Isfahan is influenced by social and economic variables, among which the role of economic variables in urban smart growth have more influence than social variables, which impact factor of economic variable role. It was 0.71, while the social variable had an impact factor of 0.38.
Kyarash Ardestanipourhazhir,
Volume 23, Issue 70 (9-2023)
Abstract
The city is a vibrant and dynamic creature whose body is shaped at different times by natural and social economic, political, cultural and economic developments. In a sound and healthy fashion, these developments are such that the old elements of the cities are restored to meet the new needs. In the structure and even in the destruction of these tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of creating new functions in ancient urban context. The present study is of applied purpose and of descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the study was comprised of experts in the field of research and the sample size was 30 persons. The results of the implementation of the Suara model showed that among the indicators identified for the social dimension, the role of owner-investor participation index with a final score of 0.224 was ranked first, for the economic dimension, the index of participation in purchase and construction and Builder in the range with a final score of 0.306 in the first rank, for the physical dimension Paying attention to meet the current needs for physical and functional change with a score of 0.416 in the first rank, and for the environmental dimension Indicator Role of New Construction in the Area Infrastructure With a score of 0.610, it is the highest.
Hassan Azizi Bohloli, Mahmoud Reza Anvari, Masoumeh Hafez Rezazadeh,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
Rural management has always undergone various changes. Today, this pillar is the responsibility of the rural municipality Foundation. The purpose of forming this institution is to have a strong executive force in order to develop rural areas. rural municipality, as the executor of village programs and projects, has an important role in reducing urban and rural inequalities and improving the development of the village. Determining the degree of success of rural municipality in performing tasks is possible when its performance is carefully measured. The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of rural municipality Foundation in terms of economic, social and environmental indicators in rural areas of Sarbisheh. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on data collection in the field through a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of heads of households (1931 households) in 30 villages with rural areas. The sample size at the level of heads of households was calculated using the Cochran's formula of 320 people. The result of one-sample t-test showed that the best performance of rural areas is significantly less than 0.05 in terms of social indicators with an average of 3.78. Also, a significant difference was observed between the studied villages in the field of social indicators with a significant level (0.008), economic indicators with a significant level equal to (0.004) and environmental-physical indicators with a significant level (0.047). In terms of social performance, Dehneh Chah village with an average of 4.43, in terms of economic and environmental performance, Baghestan village with an average of 3.90 and 4.16 are in first place. The study of paired t-test with a significance level of less than 0.05 and an average difference of (-1.271) indicates that the situation of rural development indicators has become more appropriate after the establishment of the rural municipality Foundation.
Keywords: Dehyariha performance, economic, social and environmental indicators, rural areas, Sarbisheh.
Dr Abolhassan Gheibi, Mr Ali Soleymani, Hossein Malakooti,
Volume 25, Issue 76 (3-2025)
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide is a significant factor affecting air quality in various regions worldwide. The aim of this study is to examine the concentration and trends of nitrogen dioxide pollution between 2005 and 2018, and explore its association with precipitation levels in the region. Based on data derived from the OMI sensor in Iran, the average vertical column concentration of nitrogen dioxide during this period revealed that the highest concentration was observed in the troposphere. Megacities, particularly Tehran metropolis, exhibited elevated levels of nitrogen dioxide due to the high population density and extensive road transportation. Analyzing the annual changes in nitrogen dioxide concentration in the troposphere alongside the average annual precipitation in Iran, it was observed that the pollutant concentration increased from 2005 to 2016 and subsequently decreased from 2016 to 2018, primarily due to population growth. However, when considering the overall trend, there was an upward trend with a slope of 3.53× -2. In contrast, the time series analysis of average annual precipitation in Iran demonstrated a declining trend with a slope of (-0.159 mm × ). Comparing the trends of these two variables, it can be deduced that they exhibit a negative correlation.
Jalil Badamfirooz, Leyla Sharifi,
Volume 25, Issue 77 (6-2025)
Abstract
By evaluating the functions and ecosystem services of protected areas, it is possible to help planners and decision makers of land management and sustainable development in the region and the country. The present study specifically assesses water and soil resources in the Gando Protected Area and the economic valuation of these services. In order to model the ecosystem services of water balance, soil protection and water quality, a hydrological model -WWPSS- based on RS data was used. The simulation was performed using a series of one-degree square meters (one hectare) on a monthly scale. In order to evaluate the economy, the Invest model and the alternative cost method were used. The results showed that the total water produced in this region is 401,205,344 m3 per year. Also, the minimum, maximum and average water budget of all three are negative and are equal to -1492.76, -38.04 and -639.24 mm per year, respectively, which indicates the lack of rainfall and the intensity of evapotranspiration in this region. The average potential of surface water pollution is 4.5% and this area prevents erosion of 2 tons per hectare per year. The real economic value of water production and soil protection in 2019 with inflation reform of 20.18%, 67.54 and 2729.65 billion rials, respectively, is estimated. Three scenarios with discount rates (combined) of 8, 12 and 15% in 5, 10, 15- and 30-year periods were used to determine the economic value of the functions of these resources. The results showed that for example; With a discount rate of 15% and over a period of 30 years, the economic value of water production and soil protection will reach 4471.82 and 180.730 billion rials, respectively. totally, the economic value of water production and soil protection is 0.35 and 14.17% of the total value of the region.
Majid Goodarzi, Ali Ashkboos, Behnam Mohammadi,
Volume 25, Issue 77 (6-2025)
Abstract
The intermediate development approach suggests that empty lands and the inner destructive structure of cities should be targeted for development instead of taking the peripheral lands of the cities under construction. Considering this importance, in this article, an attempt has been made to identify and prioritize the obstacles to the intermediate development of Zabol using Chang’s technique. The present applied study employed a descriptive-analytical research method and library and survey research (field studies) data collection techniques. The statistical population for identifying the obstacles of intermediate development consisted of all the residents of Zabol city in 2023. The sample size was calculated as 384 via Cochran’s formula. The purposive sampling method was employed to collect the data. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient calculated the research instrument’s reliability as 0.80. The obstacles were identified using a sample t-test in SPSS, and the upcoming obstacles were prioritized. The required data were collected from the existing facts of the city and through a questionnaire distributed among 20 related experts. Then, data and information were analyzed using Chang’s technique (AHP-FUZZY). The research results showed that the most important obstacle to implementing the intermediate development plan of Zabol city is the economic index, with a final weight of 483.
