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Volume 17, Issue 45 (8-2017)
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Volume 17, Issue 45 (8-2017)
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Volume 17, Issue 45 (8-2017)
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Volume 17, Issue 45 (8-2017)
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18 - Ayalew. L. Yamagishi. H. Marui. H & Kanno. T. (2005). "Landslides in Sado Island of Japan: Part II. GIS-based susceptibility mapping with comparisons of results from two methods and verifications.", Engineering Geology 81. (2005). 432– 445.
19 - Ayalew,l. and Yamagishi, H. (2005):The application of GIS –based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping in the Kakuda-Yaahiko Mountanins, central Japan, Geomorphology 65,15-31.
20 - Atkinson, P., Massari, R (2011). Logistic modeling susceptibility to land sliding in the Apennines, Italy Geomorphology.Vol.130.
21- Cornforth, D., H., 2005, "Landslides in practice: investigation, analysis, and remedial/preventative options in soils", Wiley, 1ed, 624 pp.
22 -Chen, Zhaohua. Wang, Jinfei (2007). Landslide hazard mapping using logistic regressionmodel in Mackenzie Valley, Canada. Geomorphology, Vol.42.
23 - Dai, F. C.& Lee, c. f. (2002): Landslide characteristics and slop instability modeling using GIS.Lantau,Hong Kong Gemorphology 42, 213-228.
24 - Das, I., Sahoo. S, Westen, A. Stein, A. Hack, A. (2010). Lanslidesusceptibility assessment using logistic regression and its comparison with a rock mass classification system, along road section in the northern Himalayas (India). Geomorphology, Vol.1147.
25 - Gregory C.Ohlmacher, John C. Davis (2003). Using multiple logistic regression and GIS technology to predict landslide hazard in northeast Kansas, USA. Geomorphology,Vol 69.
26 - Hosseinzadeh, M., Servati, M. R., and Mansouri, A. 2009. Zonation of Mass Movements Occurring Risk using Logistic Regression Model. IRAN Geology Quarterly, 3 (11): 27-37. (in Per.)
27 - Lee, S. 2007. Application and Verification of Fuzzy Algebraic Operators to Landslide Susceptibility Mapping. Environment Geology, 52: 615-623. (In Eng.)
28 -Menard. S. (1995) Applied logistic regression analysis. Sage university Paper Series on Quantitative Applications in Social Sciences, vol. 106. Thousand Oaks. California. 98 pp.
29- Parthian, B., Lee, S. (2010). Landslide susceptibility assessment and factor effect analysis: bad propagation artificial neural networks and comparison with frequency ratio and bivariate logistic regression modeling. Geomorphology, Vol. 25.
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Volume 17, Issue 45 (8-2017)
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Volume 17, Issue 45 (8-2017)
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Volume 17, Issue 45 (8-2017)
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Volume 17, Issue 45 (8-2017)
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Analysis of the relationship between objective and subjective indicators of quality of life in terms of access to urban services in the context of old zone of Urmia
Amin Mahmodi Azar, Rahim Hashempour, Sid Momen Fovad Marashi,
Volume 17, Issue 45 (8-2017)
Abstract
In recent decates, the subject of quality of living in city and the satisfaction of citizens from their environments has attarced the views the most of researchers and international institutes around the world. Because of its importance, UN to publish a report annually in which different cities around the world ranked and compared through the quality of life. Quality of living talk about different indices and one of its important indices is access to the city services which in turns would decrease some of the city problems such as slums and irregular construction, land speculation and etc. This research tries to analysis the city quality of living according to the standards of services access in cities. So, quality of service access was analysed in objective and subjective sections in old zone of Urmia. The research method is descriptive-analytic and we use questioner, different models such as AHP and network analysis and fuzzy techniques, Pierson coefficient for our study. Results show that satisfaction of city-service access has a very meaningful statistic impact on the subjective factors of quality of living and as it increases more, we have more subjective quality. These results tell planners that key factors would have great impacts and roles on the satisfaction of the life of citizens.

Study of Indices of Proper Housing Model from the Perspective of Residents of Marginal Groups in Mashhad
Dr Rostam Saberifar, Mr. Hosaein Jangi,
Volume 17, Issue 46 (9-2017)
Abstract
 
Experiences acquired in the reorganization of the old structures and buildings of the countrysides and suburbs show that Iran and other countries in the world, have not been successful, because of the inability to build and define a perfect house. This research discusses about the proper indicators related to appropriate houses from the perspective of those who live in such areas. Descriptive and analytic methods have been used. North East outskirt of ​Mashhad was the study ​area because a large population live in this region. The question is: Why people prefer to live in a house with a yard instead of an apartment. In this study,  410 persons were questioned. The collected data through the years 1391 to 1393 were analyzed by SPSS software. The Study shows that age, the year of buying the house, the educational level and the type of house possession affects the suburbs population's views. Therefore, if the governments consider these housing preferences and divide those people into certain subgroups, providing accommodation for them would be more successful. 
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Analysis of the relationship of regional deprivation indices with environmental sustainability (Case study: villages of Poldokhtar Township)
Mehrshad Toulabi Nejad, Jaad Bazrafshan, Sirous Ghanbari,
Volume 17, Issue 46 (9-2017)
Abstract
 
In this study, the relationship between rural deprivation and environmental sustainability was analyzed. The present research is applied in a targeted, applied way and the method is descriptive-analytical. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire, an interview with the locals, a statistical journal of Lorestan province and data from the deputy of rural development and deprived areas. The statistical population includes rural households in Poldokhtar Township (N= 10619). Using Cochran formula and simple random sampling, 400 households were selected as samples. In order to identify the most important indices of deprivation from the exploratory coincidence rating test, One-sample t-test was used to determine the environmental sustainability factors and Finally, Tobit model was used to investigate the relationship between rural deprivation and environmental sustainability. The results show that the highest rate of rural deprivation is related to the economic and cultural deprivation. In the context of environmental sustainability factors, the results show that none of the factors is in stable condition. Water resources, trees, pasture, and pastures are in a state of instability and the only factor that has a somewhat stable status is the soil. Investigating the relationship between deprivation dimensions and environmental instability shows that the economic and social dimension of deprivation has the most impact and relationship with environmental instability. While cultural deprivation of the region, although high has had the least relationship with environmental instability. Therefore, it can be said that to reduce environmental instability and prevent environmental degradation, consideration should be given to the dimensions of deprivation and planning to reduce it.
 

The evaluation of Agro climatic potentials of Kermanshah and Isfahan provinces in autumn cultivation of sugar beet
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Volume 17, Issue 46 (9-2017)
Abstract
Since the most important climatic parameter affecting sugar beet cultivation is the temperature, we carried out this research considering climatic elements such as temperature, precipitation and freezing days in relation to autumn sugar beet planting. Daily temperatures of selected stations in a period of 10 years (2005-2015) has been used for agroclimatic analysis. In order to evaluate that, thermal potential assessment, deviation from optimal conditions and active day gradient index (GDD) were used. The evaluation of thermal potential based on the threshold of 0, 4, and 10 degrees Centigrade at the station levels in Kermanshah province showed that Sar-e-Pol-e-Zahab Station has the highest cumulative thermal unit and Kangavar Station has the least one. In Isfahan province, Khour-va-Biabanak station has the highest cumulative thermal unit and Khansar station has the lowest unit. Based on the deviation from optimal conditions in Kermanshah province, Sar-e-Pol-e-Zahab station has the lowest (-27.79) and in Khour-va-Biabanak station (-21.78) had the least deviation from optimal conditions. Planting date at the stations was considered based on the autumn temperature. In Kermanshah province, Sar-e-Pol-e Zahab station had the earliest date of harvest (May 1st.), while this date in Isfahan province was for Khour-va-Biabanak station (May 9th.). Suitable areas for planting in Kermanshah province are found to be the eastern and northeastern regions of Sar-e-Pol-e Zahab and Qasr-Shirin. In the province of Isfahan, the northern and western parts of Khour-va-Biabanak and Kashan were the most proper regions and central areas are in the next steps.
 

Explanation of Security Sequences of Climate Change (Case Study: Iran’s Central Drainage Basin)
Dr. Morad Kavianirad, Dr Yadollah Karimi Pour, Dr. Hedayat Fahmi, Mr. Sadegh Karami,
Volume 17, Issue 46 (9-2017)
Abstract
Efforts to provide security have always been of great importance to human being. In recent decades, the security issues of climate change have attracted attentions due to its sustainable consequences on the lives and civilization of humans. Among all countries, the ones which are placed in draught belt, like our country Iran, have hurt a lot because of low precipitations and also mismanagements in water resources control. Climate change show itself by changes in precipitation patterns, reduction of precipitation and increasing of temperature. According to the present data, Iran's central drainage basin which consists of important geopolitical provinces, has been affected by the above mentioned factors. This descriptive-analytic research is carried out based on the effects of climate change on Iran's central basin which provides approximately 48 percent of Iran’s GDP.  Continuity of climate changes in this region can make critical problems in social, environmental, economic and political scales and the lives of the citizens would be affected as well. To conclude, the persistence of the current conditions in climate change in the central drainage basin of Iran, would result in challenges through the national stability and security.
 

Studying and Analyzing Regional Inequalities (case study: cities of Ardabil province, Iran 2006 – 2011)
Dr Bahram Imani, Mrc Roghayyeh Farshi, Mr Reza Hashemi Masoomabad,
Volume 17, Issue 46 (9-2017)
Abstract
 
In this study, to show the inequality between different cities in Ardebil province, 60 developmental indicators in different sections including health care, social, educational, cultural and infrastructural sections have been analyzed through VIKOR model. Moreover, for data analysis and graph and table representation of data Excel, SPSS, and ARC Map 10.1 software was used. For determining validity of the research indicators, questionnaires were completed by experts (16 experts and professionals in the related area) through AHP model. A survey in 2011 showed that from among 10 cities in Ardabil province, Ardebil city; Serein Germy and Khalkhal; Parsabad, Bilesavar and Namin; Meshginshahr, Nir and Kosar were developed, developing, less developed, and undeveloped areas, respectively. This inequality is the result of environmental, economic and political factors and it also reflects inadequacy of spatial planning, which places Ardabil in its high priority for development. Furthermore, according to the conducted analyses it is concluded that there is an imbalanced regional inequality on city scale in Ardabil province; there is a meaningful and positive relationship between the population of a city and the degree of its development; finally there is a meaningful and positive relationship between the distance from the provincial capital and the degree of its development. 
 

Evaluation Indicators of Tourism Development In The City of Kashan
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Volume 17, Issue 46 (9-2017)
Abstract
Today, tourism is the high level of development to the economies of most countries in the world have provided, as the basic unit of economic development is considered. In the meantime, the attributes or characteristics of tourism resources to be able to perform activities of tourism, destination guides. On the other hand Kashan city with a long history and its historical Each year, has attracted many domestic and foreign tourists and tourism at the national level to shine as a city. The purpose of this study was to evaluate indicators of Kashan tourism development strategy based on four criteria: comfort, competitiveness, information technology and communications and tourism management. This research method in terms of purpose and terms of method, is descriptive. The method relies on the harvest field data collection using a questionnaire that has been obtained through Cochran Formula 382.The study group this study included groups of tourists, which is in the research questionnaire, each from each group was given the status of tourism development indicators of in Kashan be determined. After the above steps to classify data using SPSS the software and one-sample t test through the conclusion reached. The city of Kashan in terms of all indicators of tourism development (with the exception of information and communication technologies), as was proper, and in general indicators of tourism development Kashan is higher than the theoretical mean. The relevant authorities in relation to information technology and communication possibilities in the tourist sites should offer new strategies that can obtain the consent of tourists and the proposed strategies were presented.
 

Evaluation of Ecological Potential of Ecotourism Development on Extensive and Focused Outing in Shahreza
Dr Seyed Hojjat Mousavi, Mis Asiyeh Abbasian, Mis Parinaz Zoormand,
Volume 17, Issue 46 (9-2017)
Abstract
Therefore, this study was to evaluate the ecological potential of Ecotourism development in order to study extensive and focused outing in Shahreza County. In this respect, the ecological model of tourism development assessment was fitted. At first, data of slope, aspect, soil order, bedrock, vegetation, temperature and sunshine hour parameters were obtained, and the appropriate areas maps, from the perspective of each parameter is drawn with due observance of the principles and conditions of the said model, and apply the its thresholds. Then, the final mapping of focused and extensive outing of tourism development was drawn by the integration of prone areas maps. Eventually, the final layer of outing was assessing accuracy through the encounter of the natural attractions and rural centers layers. The results showed that extent about 9.0198 and 3.9526 km2 (0.32% and 0.14%) of the Shahreza County are appropriate for the development of one and two levels of focused outing, respectively. Also, extent about 263.1973 and 298.1843 km2 (9.41% and 10.67%) are appropriate for the development of one and two levels of extensive outing, respectively. The high adaptation of the natural attractions and rural centers to the classes evaluated of ecotourism development maps has been showed the acceptable accuracy of the tourism development and the spatial and land use management maps is the Shahreza County.
 

Relationship analysis of road markets with socio-economic stability of villages in Sistan region
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Volume 17, Issue 46 (9-2017)
Abstract
 
Relationship analysis of road markets with socio-economic stability of villages in Sistan region
 
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The present study, identify the relationships of road markets with economic- social sustainability in villages of Sistan and the research method is descriptive and analytical and based on documentary and field studies (questionnaire). To analyze the data, SPSS statistical analysis software and for mapping, GIS software is used. The statistical population included all the villages near road markets which the number 3622 household in 34 villages. To test the hypotheses, Mann - Whitney test was used. The findings show that there is significant difference between the economic stability near and distant villages of road markets and there is not significant difference between social sustainability near and distant villages of road markets. In fact, according to the two groups of villages near and away from markets that have been the same conditions, results indicate that villages near road markets with an average of 2.91 and 2.94 have a higher level of social and economic sustainability. Overall, 70 percent of the typical villages near the roads have good sustainability.
 

Simulation and post-procession of temperature and precipitation elements, using output of RegCM4 dynamic model in Great Khorasan
Ghasem Keikhosravi,
Volume 17, Issue 47 (12-2017)
Abstract

In this study, precipitation simulated annual and seasonal in East and North-East of Iran ,in 1987-2011, by using RegCM4 dynamic model in two case; with and without using post-processing technique. The required data for RegCM4 model with NetCDf format, received from ICTP center. For the implementation of the main dynamic model, Convective precipitation test scheme and the horizontal resolution, performed for 2007. According to the test, Kuo Schema had less error than Emmanuel and Gurl schemes in Precipitation and region temperature modeling. Horizontal resolution selected 30 Km. After model implementation with Gurl schema and 30 Km horizontal resolution, Precipitation and temperature output post- processed using MA model. According to results, in the study area, during 2006-2011 verification period, average annual rainfall raw bias of RegCM4 model was calculated and post-processed equal to 8.3 millimeter and 61.04 respectively. Briefly in the annual time scale, in 75% of studied stations, post-processing is effective and MA model is more efficient. In seasonal scale, bias error of average precipitation is equal to 54.99 millimeter in the winter, 27011 millimeters in the spring, -3.6 millimeter in the summer and 7.21 millimeter in the fall. Simulation of the temperature data in the stations using RegCM4 and MA model in north-east of Iran, revealed high performance. Bias error of average temperature is equal to -2.78 for RegCM4 model and post-processed equal to -0.05. In all stations, modeled Annual temperature and observational data has difference less than 0/1 ° C. In seasonal scale, the mean bias error range according ° C is equal to -4.1 in the winter, -4.09 in the spring, -1.8 in the summer and -1.5 in the fall.
 


Effect of active faults in the groundwater level of Shaharchay basin in Urmia
Dr. Tayebeh Kiani, Mrs. Zahra Yousefi,
Volume 17, Issue 47 (12-2017)
Abstract

حذف شدیک جمله Identify water resources management and proper application of relevant officials and managers are the main concern. Groundwater as a most important natural resources of Iran needs to planning and management of all aspects. In this regard, a study done of the Shaharchay river basin in the west of the Urmia Lake and the northern structural, sedimentary zone of Sanandaj - Sirjan. The aim of the study is to identify areas where the water table is higher in groundwater. To achieve this, an interpolation of (IDW) water level underground of Shaharchay by using the data of piezometeric well, then matching results with the position of faults and available tectonic seismic data. fractures were checked and the role of basin natural characteristics such as slope, lithology, soil type, ages of Geological, precipitation and landuse on groundwater level fluctuations were checked as well. Investigations show 4 different patterns of movement of groundwater in the basin area. Except of fault, other criteria alone are not much of a water table. The results show that the the western part of the water table is located in a very low of ​​zoning , which has very high mountains with high slopes, high rainfall, no fracture Quaternary and pasture. Eastern part of the basin is located in the area of ​​medium and high underground water level only a part of the shores of Urmia Lake in this zoning has a very high water table. With very little gradient, local average precipitation, high permeability, active Quaternary faults, the garden and the city landuse. But the center of the basin zoning was very high with very low permeability, high slope, average precipitation and mixture of garden, forest and grassland usages. basin center located on high seismic intensity zone and density Quaternary faults. only because of the high level in the basin center of Silvaneh are active faults and a high intensity tectonic seismic.
 


Modeling of spatio-temporal of albedo over Iran
Dr Zahra Hejazizadeh, Mr Meysam Toulabi Nejad, Mr Alireza Rahimi, Mrs Nasrin Bazmi, Mrs Atefeh Bosak,
Volume 17, Issue 47 (12-2017)
Abstract
The aim of this study is modeling spatiotemporal variations of albedo. This study was conducted using simultaneous effects of several components, such as wetness of surface layer of soil, cloudiness, topography and vegetation density (NDVI), using MEERA2 model with a resolution of 50 in 50 km during 2000-2010 in Iran. The results of spatial analysis of albedo values in Iran showed that the highest value is in 44 to 45 degrees of east longitude about 2.8 to 3.3 and the lowest value of albedo is also in 52 to 53 degrees of east longitude, that is, the eastern slopes of the Zagros Mountains, have been recorded at 1 to 1.5 units. In terms of provincial rank, the largest albedo is about 0.25 units in Ilam province and the Fars province is ranked next about 0.24 units. The lowest amount of albedo also in the Gilan provinces and in next Mazandaran province are about 0.19 and 0.18 respectively. In addition, the results of temporal analysis in seasonal scale showed that the highest albedo in Iran in winter was 0.26 and its lowest amount was recorded in spring with 0.23 units. In general, according to the factors used, it can be said that the western and central parts of the country have a highest albedo, and the north and northwest regions of the country have a lowest albedo.
 

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