فصلنامه روانشناسی شناختی

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The purpose of this study is to determine the quality of individual economic decision making under risk and uncertainty. The research method is a quasi-experiment with single group and a post-test. The total population of the students of Shahid Beheshti University in 97 was 8.700 and due to non-normal distribution, we should use non-parametric Wilcoxon test, with sample of 180. The tool used to investigate the role of cognitive biases that prospect theory in economic decision-making was predicted was a multi-dimensional task we built which measured 31 problems in 5 sections that through phenomena such as risk aversion, loss aversion, ambiguity aversion, reference dependency, probability weighting and so on in shows irrationality in economic decision–making. Higher score means more irrational according to neoclassical economics. The median of scores was 25 out of 31 scores. In other words, more than 80% of participants received grades above 50% (or 15.5 points) (p <0.05). These findings fully supported the prospect theory that first two cognitive psychologists proposed as a correction to the expected utility theory. The prospect theory can explain, and can predicts, and intends to dissolve the gap between economy and psychology. The present research is an initial step in showing the significant role of psychology and cognition in economic decision-making and emphasize the importance of psychology in explaining economic tendencies and findings especially in our country, as the founders of the economy have expressed many centuries ago.

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Mental representations are one of the most advanced aspects of human cognition and can affect the mental experience of ownership of each person's body. Based on this, the present study, which is a two-stage mixed research, after inducing three levels of social-cognitive factors (equivalent to the individual, higher level, lower level), explained and predicted the mental ownership of the body. Is. The statistical population of the research included the students of Payam Noor University in Tehran, from which 61 women and 47 men were selected by convenience sampling. The research tools included the artificial hand error test of Cohen and Botvinik (1998), the subjective report questionnaire of the experience of owning an artificial hand by Longo et al. (2008) and the 12-block computer program of Tamir and Thornton's three-dimensional mental model for implicit and explicit association of social cognition representations. Data analysis with Pearson's correlation test showed that only the correlation of hand error scores and social cognition components at the third (lower) level was significant. Also, the standard multiple regression analysis showed that in explaining hand error at the third (lower) level, based on obvious association; Disgust only (Beta = -1.52), and based on implicit association; Friendship (Beta = 0.63), disgust (Beta = -0.55), and satisfaction (Beta = 0.26) were able to predict artificial hand error, respectively. The obtained results indicate that the identification of people with those who get a lower social status in the subjective evaluations of the person can occur less often.

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The study aimed to explain and design a theoretical model of pilots' operational cognitive resilience in the military aviation industry, a concept referring to the mechanism of maintaining, recovering, and readjusting executive functions and the mind's information processing system when faced with acute stress and operational constraints of flight. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach and based on the grounded theory strategy (Strauss and Corbin's version, 1998). The required data were gathered through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 15 experts in the field of cognitive sciences and senior operational pilots (with a history of over 2000 flight hours); the sampling process continued using a theoretical approach until achieving conceptual saturation. Data analysis was carried out through a systematic coding process in three stages: open, axial, and selective coding.

Qualitative analyses revealed that the core phenomenon of this study was pilots' operational cognitive resilience, which was explained as a dynamic, multidimensional, and context-bound construct. This conceptual construct was considered the product of a synergistic and systematic interaction among three major dimensions: the individual dimension (including basic and higher cognitive functions, executive inhibition, emotional-motivational components, personality patterns, physical stability, and implicit memory resulting from flight experience), the organizational dimension (comprising team tasks and the promotion of a safety culture), and the family dimension (as a source of emotional and psychological support). The fundamental achievement of this research was providing a coherent conceptual framework for analyzing pilots' cognitive behaviors under crisis conditions, which can serve as an analytical foundation for developing future applied interventions and empirical research in this domain.