Showing 72 results for Memory
Leila Shameli, Maryam Davodi, Shekoofe Mottaghi Dastenaee,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (11-2019)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on logical memory and problem solving skill in people with multiple sclerosis. The research design was a quasi-experimental type with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population included all the individuals with multiple sclerosis of Ahvaz in 2018. Thirty of the patients were selected through purposive sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups, each congaing 15 subjects. They were then tested using the Wechsler Memory Scale –III and The Problem-Solving Inventory. Participants in the experimental group received ACT protocol in 6 sessions at 120-minute. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS-21 software. The results showed the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy to improve logical memory and problem solving skills in the experimental group. Therefore, clinical MS specialists can use this treatment to enhance logical memory and problem solving skills in patients with MS.
Hussein Samani, Ali-Reza Moradi, Maryam Moghadasin,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (11-2019)
Abstract
The topic of this study is to compare the absolute threshold of readability among ten commonly used Persian fonts in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) reading techniques task at three reading speed (100, 300 and 500 words per minute). RSVP is a cognitive task design method that is also used in fast reading technologies. This research had two goals: First, determine the optimal Persian font from a visual ergonomic perspective and others investigate the effect of demographic variables (age, gender and education degree) and some cognitive abilities (memory and processing speed) on total numbers of reading errors. In this study, for the first time, the concept of absolute threshold of readability was introduced as an objective indicator in comparing fonts.
Twenty subjects participated in this study with ages ranging from 11-79 years and degrees from undergraduate to PhD. The results shown that Iran Sans 5.5 is the optimal font from visual ergonomic perspective. It was also found that age (demographic) and short-term memory (cognitive ability) are correlated with total numbers of reading errors.
Asghar Noruzi, Alireza Moradi, Karim Zamani, Jafar Hasani,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (11-2019)
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of logotherapy based on Rumi's thoughts and acceptance and commitment therapy on the elderly's autobiographical memory. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and the follow-up period. The sample consisted of 66 older people (46 females and 20 males) referred to daily rehabilitation centers of Sari city, who were selected by available sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental and one control group. The semi-structured autobiographical memory interview was used to collect data. For the first experimental group, logotherapy based on Rumi's thoughts and for the second experimental group, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, each was provided for 8 sessions of 75 minutes, during which the control group received no intervention. The results of the repeated measures analysis of variance showed that logotherapy based on Rumi's thoughts and acceptance and commitment therapy improved autobiographical memory and its components in the elderly. The results also showed that there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of the two groups of logotherapy based on Rumi's thoughts and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, so that logotherapy based on Rumi's thoughts was more effective on the autobiographical memory of elderly.
Neda Nazarboland, Ameneh Tahmasi, Vahid Nejati,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (12-2019)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation, on improving the executive functions of selective attention, inhibitory control and working mwmory in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment. This experimental study was a Single Subject of type A-B, which 6 elderly (4 women and 2 men) with an average age of 62 years old were selected via purposeful convenience sampling and randomly assigned into two groups of control (n=3) and experimental (n=3). The evaluation of selective attention and inhibitory control was done using Stroop, Go/NO Go and N-back tests, and the "ARAM" rehabilitation program was presented in 10 one-hour personal sessions for each experimental group subjective. All subjective in both groups was evaluated 6 times (before, during, just after and 2 months following the intervention) and also control group were evaluated simultaneously without receiving any interventions. Using visual analysis, collected data revealed that the scores of both tests of executive functions in experimental group, were steadily increased all through intervention, while the control group scores’ did not make significant changes. Also, two-month follow-up evaluations showed a stable improvement in executive functions of the experimental group. Therefore, it can be concluded that cognitive rehabilitation based on ARAM program has improved the functions of selective attention, inhibitory control and working memory in elderly with mild cognitive impairment. As there are many documentaries suggesting possibility of leading mild cognitive impairment to more serious cognitive disabilities such as Alzheimer’s disease, such findings can confirm possibility of improving cognitive functions of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment with, with lower therapeutic costs applying the help of technology
Nahide Bagerpour, Ramin Habibi-Kaleybar1, Javad Mesrabadi,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (2-2020)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of training neuropsychological executive functions on metamemory, planning and problem solving in students with mathematics disorder. This research is semi-experimental and its design includes pre-test and post-test as well as a control group. The population of this research were female students with mathematics disorder from the third to sixth grade of primery school, who had been to the Isar Specialty Learning Problem Instruction Center in 2017-2018. Thirty of them were selected by available sampling and were divided into experimental and control groups. Initially, both groups were tested by Wechsler Intelligence Test and K-Mathematical Test. Both groups were assessed by pre-test and post-test using the Metamemory Questionnaire and the Tower of London Questionnaire. The experimental group received 10 sessions for 3 months, while the control group did not receive any training. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of metamemory, planning and problem solving. This means that training executive functions has been able to increase the amount of metamemory, planning and problem solving for students with mathematics disorder. The results of this study can be used in the education and treatment of students with mathematics disorder and executive functions should always be considered as a key factor.
Seyed Ehsan Afsharizadeh, Mohammadhossein Abdollahi, Hamidreza Hassan Abadi, Hadi Keramati,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (10-2020)
Abstract
Mathematical reasoning is the ability of inductive and inferential reasoning with mathematical concepts that underlying cognitive variables play an important role in explaining it. The purpose of this study is to model the role of divided attention and working memory in mathematical reasoning with the mediation of mathematical knowledge and fluid intelligence in fourth grade elementary students. This study is non-experimental (descriptive) and a type of correlational study in which data were analyzed by Path Analysis. The statistical population of the research included all male fourth-graders of the primary schools in District 4 of Qom from which 213 students were randomly selected by two-stage cluster sampling. The study used different measures and instruments including the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test-Second Edition (IVA-2 CPT) for measuring different types of attention, the Working Memory Index of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV), the Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT), the knowing questions test and the mathematical reasoning questions test of TIMSS 2015. The findings of the study showed that all path coefficients are significant and appropriate model fit indices were obtained. The results indicate that working memory influenced by divided attention predicts mathematical reasoning with the mediation of mathematical knowledge and fluid intelligence. The research helps to develop in mathematics learning and cognitive rehabilitation of mathematical disorders by identifying the role of important cognitive variables in mathematical reasoning.
Hamideh Iranmanesh, Alireza Saberi Kakhki, Hamidreza Taheri, Charles H. Shea, Masoud Fazilat Pour,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (10-2020)
Abstract
Sleep has been shown to have an impact on the consolidation of motor memory in adults. However, sleep-dependent consolidation is not well-specified among children compared with adults. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sleep on children's motor memory consolidation. The participants were 32 voluntary boys aging from 10 to 12 years old from Kerman, which had the necessary qualifications for entering the study. Serial Reaction Time Task was used to determine the implicit memory in children. The participants were allocated into a sleep group (8±1pm and 8±1am) and a wake group (8±1am and 8±1pm). Each group underwent five training blocks consisiting of 90 trails in each block in the acquisition phase. The retention (consolidation) and transfer tests were administered 12 hours after the acquisition phase in both groups. For analyzing data 2×2 and 4×2 Mixed ANOVA tests were used. The results in the retention and transfer tests showed that the reaction time was significantly different in two blocks (P > 0.05), but the effect of group and block interaction was not significant (P ≥ 0.05). The results also indicated that motor memory consolidation occurred in sleep and wake groups, however, it was not sleep-dependent. The findings revealed that children‘s performance was improved and enhanced not only through the training sessions, but after the learning phase in the offline period. In addition, the memory associated with a learned skill enhanced over time. It can be concluded that sleep was not the essential factor in the enhancement of offline learning and the transfer of sequential implicit motor task among children.
Marzieh Gholami, Ali Delavar,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (12-2020)
Abstract
One great ability of the brain is memory. Poor visual-auditory memory leads to dyslexia, dyscalculia and hyperactivity. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a test to determine the ability and accurate performance of memory. With this in mind, a test has been prepared using theoretical literature. This researcher-made memory test consists of four parts (numerical-verbal memory, visual memory, working memory and auditory-sentence memory) and its validity has been confirmed by professors of cognitive psychology and counselling in addition to using the random cluster sampling method on a sample of 308 elementary school students. The questions were analysed by relevant statistical methods and their validity, reliability and norm scores were determined. To evaluate the reliability of the test, three methods were used. The reliability coefficient was 0.83 using the internal consistency method and the Pearson correlation coefficient was determined to be r = 0.79 between the two halves of the questionnaire, which indicated that there was a high correlation between the two halves of the questionnaire. To determine the validity of the structure and components of the questionnaire, the principal component analysis method was used by rotation in the normalised Varimax method and to evaluate differential validity, an independent t-test was used. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of male and female students. (P < 0.001 and t (204) = 2.76). Based on the obtained reliability and validity, the audiovisual memory test is a tool that could be used by disorder and counselling centres. Moreover, it could be used as a tool for early assessment and diagnosis in the case of preschool students.
Zoha Borhani Dizaji, Seyed Abolghasem Mehrinejad, Mehrangiz Peyvastegar,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (2-2021)
Abstract
| Combining psychoanalysis and neurology feels peculiar at first. The combination that tries to bind concepts of psychoanalysis with neuroscience in order to provide an integrates knowledge for better understanding of human mind. However, interaction between psychoanalysis and neuroscience has come to attention during past three decades. Purpose of this study is to investigate and find correlation between three styles of defense mechanism, Mature, immature and neurotic defense mechanism with executive functions within universities students of Tehran. For this matter a study performs on a sample of 140 students (including 76 women and 64 men) by available sampling. The instruments of this research were The Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ40) and four computer base test for executive functions including Continues Performance Test (CPT), Strops, 1-back, Go-No Go. The data was analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression method. This study demonstrated significant relation between styles of defense mechanism and executive functions and also forms a model to estimate executive function shares in neurotic and growth defense mechanisms. As a result, the findings suggest that one’s performance on executive functions can affect their style of defense mechanism. |
Fatemeh Tayeby, Najmeh Hamid, Morteza Omidian,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Due to the prevalence of depression and the existence of deficites in the executive functions of depressed people, it seems necessary to study and evaluate various treatment methods in the field of cognitive functions, including working memory. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Captain Log cognitive rehabilitation software on auditory and spatial working memory of people with depressive symptoms in Ahvaz. The method of this research was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design and a control group. The population of this study was thirty individuals with depressive symptoms referring to psychology and psychiatric centers in Ahvaz and the web pages of these centers in 2009-2010. Participants were completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Wechsler Active Memory Profile Test-Third Edition). Participants were matched based on gender, age, education, socio-economic status, lack of acute physical, psychological diseases and they were randomly allocated into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group recieved cognitive rehabilitation for 10 sessions using Captain Log software, while the control group did not receive any intervention. After the intervention and post-test, the data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) by SPSS-24. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of auditory and spatial working memory (p < .001). The rate of auditory and spatial active memory in the experimental group were significantly increased in comparison with the pre-test scores and the scores of the control group. It can be concluded that Captain Log cognitive rehabilitation software has a significant effect on the auditory and spatial working memory of depressed people (p < .001). Therefore, the Captan Log cognitive rehabilitation software can be used to effectively increase the auditory and spatial working memory of people with depressive symptoms.
Ahmad Borjali, Mohammad Rostami,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (8-2021)
Abstract
Pharmacological treatment of adult with attention deficit with hyperactive disorder (ADHD) has been shown to be successful; however, medication may not normalize executive functions. The present study was assessed the effect of working memory training program on executive functions of adult with ADHD. Sixteen adults with ADHD and 16 healthy adult participated in the study. After a diagnostic and baseline evaluation, 16 adults with ADHD participate in up to 16 sessions of working memory training program and the outcomes are evaluated. Healthy people did not receive any training. Working memory and attention, were examined prior to and following the interventions. Data analysis revealed that the working memory training used in the present study led to significant improvements of various aspects of attention, including focus and sustain attention and capacity of working memory. The findings indicate that working memory training programs can improve working memory performance and have the potential to facilitate attentional functioning in adult with ADHD as well.
Shirin Rezvani, Ali Akbar Sharifi, Hossein Zare,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (8-2021)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on improving working memory of adolescents with traumatic brain injury. The method of this research was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with control and follow-up groups. To conduct this study, 20 adolescents aged 9-18 years with traumatic brain injury referred to medical centers in Sadaf Shahriar (Parandmehr Clinic) were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of 10 experimental and control. To measure the dependent variable of working memory, Wechsler scale 4 subtests (auditory measurement of working memory) and Benton test (visual-spatial measurement of working memory) were used. The experimental group underwent cognitive rehabilitation intervention (12 sessions of 45 minutes). Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in pre-test, post-test and follow-up of working memory performance. The results showed a significant difference between the mean scores of working memory (auditory and visual-spatial measurements) of the experimental group and the control group in the post-test. In addition, there was no significant difference between post-test scores and follow-up in the experimental group, which showed the effect of cognitive rehabilitative perstability on working memory performance in adolescents with brain injury. Therefore, cognitive rehabilitation has a significant effect on improving working memory performance in patients with brain injury and can be used as an effective and useful method to improve working memory performance in adolescents with brain damage.
Barzan Soleimani, Kamran Yazdanbakhsh, Khodamorad Momeni,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2021)
Abstract
| People with borderline personality disorder experience problems in a variety of cognitive areas, including information processing, decision making, planning, memory, and problem solving. The aim of the study was to modeling the intermediate role of metacognitive awareness on the relationship between overgeneral autobiographical memory and problem solving. The research was fundamental and in terms of implementation method was correlational. The statistical population included all individuals with borderline personality disorder who referred to psychological and psychiatric clinics in Kurdistan province in 1397-98. 300 patients with diagnosis of borderline personality disorder based on clinical interview and willing to participate in the study were selected. They answered the Autobiographical memory test, metacognition awareness questionnaire and social problem solving inventory. Data were analyzed using Amos software. Findings showed that overgeneral autobiographical memory has a direct effect on problem solving skills and metacognitive awareness with coefficients of 0.17 and 0.20, respectively. Also, the direct effect of metacognitive awareness on problem solving was 0.35. Overgeneral Autobiographical memory predicted 4% of the variance of metacognitive awareness, and Overgeneral autobiographical memory with metacognitive awareness predicted 17% of problem-solving changes. On the other hand, the indirect effect of Overgeneral autobiographical memory on problem-solving skills was 0.07, which shows that the indirect effect of Overgeneral autobiographical memory on problem-solving skills is significant. Therefore, it can be concluded that metacognitive awareness acts as a mediator as an observer, which increases the scores of problem-solving skills. |
Parisa Asadollahi, Mohammad Hosein Salarifar, Laila Talebzadah Shoshtari,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2021)
Abstract
| The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of training metacognitive beliefs and state on working memory of elementary school students. This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, follow-up and a control group design. The population consisted of elementary school students in Birjand. Forty-six students in the sixth grade were recruited via convenience sampling method. The participants were allocated to the experimental group (n = 23) and the control group (n = 23). The metacognitive training package was used to teach metacognitive beliefs and state. Moreover, the computer image recognition test (N-Back) was used to evaluate working memory. Data were analyzed using Mann Whitney U, Friedman and Wilcoxon tests. The findings indicated a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group. Furthermore, the experimental group showed higher levels of mean in working memory scores compared to the control group. The results of the follow-up test suggested the lasting effect of the training. According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that training metacognitive beliefs and state might enhances students’ working memory. |
Mohsen Amiri, Jahangir Karami, Khodamorad Momeni,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2021)
Abstract
| Due to the importance of rehabilitation among children with special learning disabilities, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of brain Gym on suppression of theta/alpha ratio and working memory of students aged 8 to 12 years with dyslexia or dysgraphia. This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The population of this study included all girls and boys with reading or writing disorders referring to special centers for learning disabilities in Kermanshah. The convenience sampling methods were used. For this purpose, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 students aged 8 to 12 years were selected and randomly allocated into two groups of 10 people. The experimental group were received brain Gym intervention for 20 sessions of 20 minutes over 10 weeks. In order to record the brain waves of the participants, a dual-channel neurofeedback device was used. Moreover, the Wechsler memory software was used to measure their active memory. To analyze the data, univariate one-way covariance analysis and multivariate one-way covariance analysis were used using SPSS software version 26. The results showed that the ratio of theta waves to alpha in the experimental group was significantly reduced and active memory span in the experimental group was significantly increased compared to the control group (P < .05). The findings of this study indicated that brain exercise can significantly suppress the ratio of theta waves to alpha and also improve working memory among children with special learning disabilities. The findings confirm the neurological evidence for the positive effect of the brain Gym intervention on the modulation of brain waves and working memory in children with dyslexia or dysgraphia. |
Dr. Somayeh Daneshvar, Prof. Mohammad Reza Taghavi,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2021)
Abstract
Objective: Working memory executive deficits have a role in maintaining Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms including flashbacks and reexperiencing. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to compare the visual and verbal Proactive Interference in trauma-exposed individuals with and without PTSD.
Method: In this retrospective study, we recruited subjects through the purposive sampling method. We compared 30 survivors of road traffic accidents with PTSD with 30 trauma-exposed individuals without PTSD in terms of visual and verbal Proactive Interference. Measuring tools included the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder semi-structured Interview for DSM-V, the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Recent Probes Task. Data were analyzed using mixed repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) in SPSS-21 software.
Results: Subjects of the PTSD group reported higher levels of visual and verbal Proactive Interference than the control group. Moreover, patients with PTSD indicated higher deficiencies in visual working memory than verbal working memory.
Conclusion: Patients with PTSD show deficiencies in controlling proactive interference that should be taken into consideration through their treatment procedure.
Ms Elahe Bigham Lalabady, Dr Niloofar Mikaeili, Ms Raziyeh Hajimoradi,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (1-2022)
Abstract
Reduced specificity of memories is one of the significant cognitive processes in depression. The aim of this study was to reduce the symptoms of depression and sedentary behavior in female adolescents with depressive disorder through memory specialization training. This research was applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental method with pre-test, post-test with control group. The statistical population of this study included all students of 4 public and private schools in Kermanshah in 1400 who were selected by cluster random sampling. Depression test (Rindells, 1989) and sedentary behavior (Fisher et al., 2012) were then performed on 350 students of these 4 schools. From 67 students with depression higher than 60 and inactivity higher than 11 hours and 40 minutes per week, 30 were selected based on inclusion criteria and available in a simple random method in two experimental groups (15 N) and control (n = 15) were assigned. Then, the experimental group underwent memory specificity training (Rise, 2009), which was conducted in 6 group sessions of 90 minutes per week. The results of this study showed that the memory specificity training can reduce Mobility and depressive symptoms were significant at the level (P = 0.001) in female adolescents with depression. Generally, it can be concluded that autobiographical Memory Specificity Training is an effective way to reduce depression and Sedentary behavior. Due to the ease and a low number of sessions, this training can be used along with other treatments to reduce the vulnerability to depression.
Sedighe Nasiripoor, Siavosh Talepasand, Isaac Rahimian Boogar,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (1-2022)
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate Children's Working Memory Measurement Model: Testing Theories’ Hich and Baddeley, Baddeley and Cowan. The research design was correlational. The population included all primary school students in Tehran in 1400. Participants were 150 students aged 7 to 10 years who were selected by convenience sampling method. They all responded to the Comprehensive Memory Working Assessment Gray et al. (2017). Data were analyzed by factor analysis. The results of factor analysis showed that the Baddeley four-factor model has a better fit than the Baddeley and Hich three-factor model and Cown three-factor model. Assessing working memory can provide more important information about children's cognitive function than psychological measures.
Vahid Mirzaie, Seyed Mosa Tabatabaee, Shahrokh Makvand Hosseini,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (1-2022)
Abstract
| The aim of this study was to investigate The Effectiveness of Computer-based Cognitive Rehabilitation on Working Memory and Problem Solving of High School Students. Method: For this purpose, 30 high school students in Tehran were selected. These people were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups of 15 people in each group. The number and duration of each session in the experimental group were 16 sessions and each session was 45 minutes, respectively. The control group did not receive any intervention. Research instruments included the Wisconsin Card Classification Test. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and SPSS 26 software. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in both components of class and survival and the effect of computer rehabilitation intervention on the class component was 0.375, which is lower than average. And the volume of the effect of computer-based cognitive rehabilitation intervention on the survival component is equal to 0.546, which is higher than average. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it can be said that computer-based cognitive rehabilitation intervention is effective on the Working Memory and Problem Solving of high school students. |
Hamid Khanipur, Mobina Radfar, Maedeh Pour Torogh, Masoud Geramipour,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (10-2022)
Abstract
The process Assessment of the Learner-Second Edition: Diagnostic Assessment for Math is one of the most widely used tests in the field of learning disorders, which has two versions: reading, writing, and math. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the educational and cultural adaptation of this test. For this purpose, after the translation of the test, the stages of cultural adaptation were investigated from three sources of elementary school mathematics textbooks, interviews with teachers and test implementation of the test on a group of 14 children from preschool to sixth grade, applicability and Special criteria for the implementation of the test were prepared for Iranian students. There has been an amendment to the content of the Iranian sample test in terms of the items of multi-step problem-solving and part-whole concepts. Also, the criteria for passing the test for Iranian students in the sub-tests of place value, finding the bug, and the ability to perform calculations are placed at a higher age than the main instructions of the test. Geometry and decimal numbers are items that are covered in the Pal_II math test in the form of part_whole concepts. However, it is more detailed and complicated in Iranian math textbooks. Calculation education in Iran's school education system has undergone changes in recent years, which were revised in the test instructions. The similarities between the implementation and grading of the Persian version of the Pal_II math test in the Iranian sample and the original instructions of the English version of the test are more than the differences between them.
