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The Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Reducing Perfectionism and the Cognitive Error of Thought-Action Fusion in Women with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Feresheh Reza, Javanshir Asadi, Arastoo Mirani, Afsaneh Khajevand Khoshli,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (Volume 13, Issue 1, Spring 2025 2025)
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on reducing perfectionism and thought-action fusion in women with obsessive-compulsive disorder with a two-month follow-up. The research method was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest-follow-up and control group. Among the women referring to Sarohana Clinic in Pasdaran district of Tehran, 30 were purposively selected and randomly assigned to two groups of 15 (cognitive-behavioral therapy and control). The research instruments included the Ahvaz Perfectionism Questionnaire, the Thought-Action Fusion Scale (TAFS), Spielberger's Overt and Covert Anxiety Questionnaire, and the Maudsley Checklist. The cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention was implemented in 8 weekly 90-minute group sessions. The post-test was conducted immediately and the follow-up was conducted two months after the end of the sessions. The data were analyzed by multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance. The findings showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy significantly reduced perfectionism, thought-action fusion (moral dimensions, possibility for self and others), and anxiety at post-test and two-month follow-up, and these effects remained stable until the follow-up stage. The present study showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy can be used as an effective and sustainable intervention in reducing harmful cognitive variables in women with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Therapy and Metacognitive Therapy on Cognitive-Emotional Constructs (Thought-Action Fusion and Intolerance of Uncertainty) in Female Students with Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
Hava Mahmoudzadeh Kenari, Dr Afsaneh Khajevand Khoshli, Dr Javanshir Asadi,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (Volume 13, Issue 2, September 2025 2025)
Abstract
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) in adolescents is associated with maladaptive cognitive–emotional patterns, including thought–action fusion and intolerance of uncertainty, which can impair academic performance and interpersonal relationships. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy and metacognitive therapy on these constructs in adolescent girls with OCD. The quasi-experimental study employed a pretest–posttest design with a control group and included 45 high school girls in Babolsar, selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups of 15 participants each. Interventions consisted of eight weekly 90-minute group sessions. Data were collected using the Thought–Action Fusion Scale and the Intolerance of Uncertainty Questionnaire and analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results indicated that both interventions significantly reduced thought–action fusion and intolerance of uncertainty compared to the control group, and pairwise comparisons showed that metacognitive therapy was more effective in reducing thought–action fusion, whereas emotion-focused therapy was relatively more effective in reducing outcomes related to intolerance of uncertainty. These findings suggest that targeted psychotherapeutic interventions can improve maladaptive cognitive–emotional patterns associated with OCD in adolescents and reduce anxiety and compulsive behaviors. The results provide guidance for selecting tailored treatments based on individual clinical needs and for designing school- and clinic-based intervention programs.

Predicting Rumination Based on Cognitive and Cognitive-Emotional Processes: The Role of Cognitive Flexibility, Emotional Schemas, and Emotion Regulation Self-Efficacy among Female University Students
Mojtaba Pooragha, Samereh Asadi Majareh,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (Volume13, Issue 4 2026)
Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the role of emotional schemas, emotional regulation self-efficacy, and cognitive flexibility in predicting rumination. This study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of method and based on stepwise regression analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female students of Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, in the second semester of the academic year 2024-2025, from whom 400 people were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the Emotional Schemas Scale, Emotional Regulation Self-Efficacy Scale, Cognitive Flexibility Scale, and Rumination Scale and analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise regression. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between emotional schemas and rumination, and a negative and significant relationship between cognitive flexibility, emotional regulation self-efficacy, and rumination. Also, the results of stepwise regression showed that the variables of control, guilt, alternatives, emotional simplification, blaming others, and lack of control significantly predicted rumination. In the final model, control had the strongest inverse relationship with rumination; while guilt, emotional simplification, blaming others, and lack of control showed a direct relationship with rumination, and alternatives showed an inverse relationship with it. These variables explained a total of 61% of the variance in rumination. The research findings show that the components of emotional schemas, emotional regulation self-efficacy, and cognitive flexibility play an important role in explaining and predicting rumination. Therefore, paying attention to correcting dysfunctional emotional schemas, strengthening emotion regulation skills, and increasing cognitive flexibility can be effective in designing psychological interventions to reduce rumination.


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