Saeed Nazari, Alireza Saberi, Hamidreza Taheri, Hasan Rohbanfard,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of working memory capacity and errorless and errorful practice on the learning the relative timing was a motor task. 50 Participants based on were selected aged 22±4 years as accessible samples randomly assigned to one of four groups (errorless low working memory capacity, errorful low working memory capacity, errorless high working memory, errorful high working memory capacity). This study was carried out in four phases. First phase (pre-test), subjects participated in 10 trials without knowledge of results (KR) on four-segment timing task. In the acquisition(ACQ) phase, a timing task with three different difficulty levels (simple, moderate, and difficult) was practiced in three sessions of 45 trials with feedback by experimental groups, except for control. In the 10-minute and 24 hour retention and 10- minute transfer tests, errorless group with low working memory capacity and errorful group with high working memory capacity had better performance than other groups. In the dual task tests (24-hour transfer) errorless group with low working memory capacity in the relative timing (intermediate times, RMSE) had better performance than other groups. These results indicate that the efficiency and efficacy of errorless and errorful practice interact with psychological indicators such as working memory capacity. These results suggest that implicit motor learning (errorless) may be beneficial for children with working memory capacity. Individual with high working memory capacity might benefit from learning explicitly (errorful). Results in dual task conditions support the implicit learning and reinvestment theories.
Dr Seyed Saeid Pournaghash Tehrani, Miss Zahra Ghalandarzadeh, Dr Hojjatollah Farahani, Dr Seyed Mehdi Saberi, Dr Masumeh Pashaeii Bahram,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (12-2018)
Abstract
Domestic violence could cause different types of physical and mental consequences for women. This may threaten safety of the family. Women are more prone to be the victims of violence particularly partners’ one. One of the important consequences of violence is cognitive dysfunctioning. Domestic violence could be considered as an environmental stressor factor which in turn could affect cognitive functions. Surviving from the influence of a domestic violence is in direct relation with the cognitive capabilities of abused women. Therefore, investigation on the effect of domestic violence on cognitive functioning of women suffering from domestic violence is an important issue. The effect of violence on cognitive functions may occur throughout other psychological variables. That is why in the current study, the mediating role of self-regulation and psychological Distress relating domestic violence and cognitive functions is investigated.
The current study is a fundamental research. Considering that, the study of the relationship between the interested variables has been conducted on a limited number of abused women, it is a descriptive-correlative type of research. The relationship between the parameters is analyzed based on the research objectives. The subject community is abused women referred to different branches of Tehran Forensic Medicine Center in 2017-2018. 200 abused women are asked to participate in this study. They are selected on a purposive sampling method based on entry-exit criteria and after seeking their acceptances. Miller & Brown (1999) Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SSRQ), DASS-21 Questionnaire (1995), Pour Naghash Tehrani (2004) Domestic Violence Questionnaire and MONTREAL cognitive assessment scale (2005) were utilized as the instruments of research variables.
Results are analyzed by means of SPSS and LISREL software. The conceptual model connecting domestic violence to the cognitive functioning throughout the above mentioned mediating parameters are examined. The outcomes supported a suitable fitness for the proposed model, since the statistical indicators such as RMSEA, GFI, MFI, AGFI … showed satisfactory values.
Present study shows that the experience of domestic violence creates significant cognitive dysfunctioning through the mediating factors such as loss of self-regulation capability and Psychological Distress. By means of these findings, families and social organizations such and women’s shelter and support centers can offer suitable educational programs and treatment to prevent the continuation of the violence.
Hamideh Iranmanesh, Alireza Saberi Kakhki, Hamidreza Taheri, Charles H. Shea, Masoud Fazilat Pour,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (10-2020)
Abstract
Sleep has been shown to have an impact on the consolidation of motor memory in adults. However, sleep-dependent consolidation is not well-specified among children compared with adults. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sleep on children's motor memory consolidation. The participants were 32 voluntary boys aging from 10 to 12 years old from Kerman, which had the necessary qualifications for entering the study. Serial Reaction Time Task was used to determine the implicit memory in children. The participants were allocated into a sleep group (8±1pm and 8±1am) and a wake group (8±1am and 8±1pm). Each group underwent five training blocks consisiting of 90 trails in each block in the acquisition phase. The retention (consolidation) and transfer tests were administered 12 hours after the acquisition phase in both groups. For analyzing data 2×2 and 4×2 Mixed ANOVA tests were used. The results in the retention and transfer tests showed that the reaction time was significantly different in two blocks (P > 0.05), but the effect of group and block interaction was not significant (P ≥ 0.05). The results also indicated that motor memory consolidation occurred in sleep and wake groups, however, it was not sleep-dependent. The findings revealed that children‘s performance was improved and enhanced not only through the training sessions, but after the learning phase in the offline period. In addition, the memory associated with a learned skill enhanced over time. It can be concluded that sleep was not the essential factor in the enhancement of offline learning and the transfer of sequential implicit motor task among children.
