فصلنامه روانشناسی شناختی

This study aimed to examine the mediating role of psychological flexibility in the relationship between maladaptive schemas and psychological distress. The research design employed in this study was descriptive-correlational, utilizing structural equation modeling. The population of this study included all undergraduate students of Poldokhtar Higher Education Center during 2020-2021. The size of the statistical sample according to Klein's rule of thumb equals 230 people, which was done by an available sampling method and an online questionnaire. The Young Schema Questionnaire, the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory by Dennis and Vanderwal, and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale were used to collect the data. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping was employed to examine the mediating role of variables. The results indicated that maladaptive schemas have a direct significant effect on psychological distress (P < 0.01) and an indirect effect through psychological flexibility (P < 0.01). Based on the results, the research model demonstrated a good fit. By reducing maladaptive schemas, students can enhance their psychological flexibility, which may lead to overcoming academic issues and reducing psychological distress.

The present study aimed to examine a structural equation model of smartphone addiction based on the roles of anxiety and depression, with metacognition as a mediating variable, among male adolescent students. This research employed a descriptive–correlational design, and the statistical population consisted of male students in District 1 of Karaj during the 2023–2024 academic year. A total of 361 participants were selected through random sampling. Data were collected using the Metacognition Questionnaire by Wells and Cartwright-Hatton (2004), the DASS-21 by Lovibond (1995), and the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) developed by Kwon et al. (2013). Pearson correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. Findings indicated that the proposed model demonstrated a satisfactory fit among the adolescent participants. Results further showed that anxiety (β = 0.42, p < 0.01), depression (β = 0.11, p < 0.01), and metacognition (β = 0.40, p < 0.01) each had a direct and positive effect on smartphone addiction. These outcomes suggest that psychological interventions grounded in metacognitive approaches may effectively reduce dependence on modern digital technologies and support healthier behavioral patterns during adolescence.