SPACE ECONOMY & RURAL DEVELOPMENT

fa تحلیل اثرات کالبدی و اقتصادی طرح‌های هادی روستایی مورد: روستاهای شهرستان کرمانشاه Analyzing Physical and Economic Impacts of Rural Guide Plans Case: Villages of Kermanshah County تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <p dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; "><strong>در راستای سیاست کلی نظام پس از پیروزی انقلاب اسلامی، به منظور محرومیت‌زدایی و توسعه روستاها یکی از برنامه‌هایی که در دستور کار قرار گرفته است، اجرای طرح هادی روستایی جهت تأمین عادلانه امکانات از طریق تحول کالبدی- فیزیکی روستا، ایجاد تسهیلات اجتماعی- تولیدی، تأمین خدمات عمومی و بهبود مسکن روستاییان بوده است. اثرات طرحهای هادی محدود به تغییراتی در بافت کالبدی بوده و در اجرای آن به عامل اقتصادی کمتر توجه شده است</strong><strong><span dir="LTR">.</span></strong><strong> تحقیق حاضر با هدف ارزشیابی پیامدهای کالبدی و به تبع آن اقتصادی اجرای طرح هادی و تأثیر آن بر تحولات روستاهای شهرستان کرمانشاه انجام شده است. روش پژوهش توصیفی- تحلیلی و جمع‌آوری اطلاعات به صورت اسنادی و پیمایشی بوده است. با استفاده از فرمول کوکران از بین 2467 نفر سرپرست خانوار ساکن 10 روستای محدوده بررسی، 340 نفر به عنوان نمونه انتخاب گردیده است. ابزار تحقیق، پرسشنامه خانوار روستایی حاوی سؤالاتی با طیف لیکرت بوده که روایی آن توسط متخصصین موضوعی و پایایی آن از طریق آزمون آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شده است (مقدار آلفای بُعد کالبدی=882/0، مقدار آلفای بُعد اقتصادی=886/0). یافتهها نشان داد که اجرای طرح هادی به رغم برخی کاستی‌ها در توسعه فضای سبز، مکان‌یابی دفع فاضلاب و زباله، تاثیری نسبتاً مطلوب بر تحول کالبدی و به تبع آن اقتصادی روستاهای مورد بررسی داشته است. با این وجود در مواردی چون افزایش سرمایه‌گذاری و  ایجاد اشتغال تحول چشمگیری مشاهده نشده است. تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر اجرای طرح هادی نیز حاکی از این بوده است که روستاهای با موقعیت پایکوهی، جمعیت بیشتر و فاصله 20-10 کیلومتر از شهر کرمانشاه تحولات کالبدی و اقتصادی بیشتری داشته است. از این رو به منظور جبران مشکلات موجود در پیامدهای کالبدی و اقتصادی ضروری است قبل از اجرای طرح هادی، سازمان‌ها و نهادهای درگیر در توسعه روستایی طی تمهیدات قانونی ملزم به هماهنگی و ایفای نقش مؤثر در فرآیند اجرای طرح گردند.</strong></p> <div style="text-align: justify; "><strong><span class="fontstyle0">Introduction</span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle1">One of the implemented plans in this case is the rural guide plan which is prepared and </span>implemented by Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation since 1362. Guide plan, as an outer variable, has impacts on rural structures including these four dimensions: physical, economic, social and environmental. In villages of Kermanshah County, lack of educational, health care and business services along with inappropriateness of rural passages, lack of housing resistance against natural disasters and consequently the increase of migration from villages to cities lead to preparing and implementing guide plan in some villages. So, in this county the guide plan has been implemented in 7.40 percent of the region (56 villages) before 2012. It seems that its impacts have been less than what is expected and its implementation is limited to some changes in physical texture and economic factors have been less considered. Therefore, this study tries to answer this question that to what extent does guide plan implementation lead to physical and economic change in the studied villages? What kind of relation is between physical and economic impacts of the plan? And regarding situational and population factors, is there a meaningful difference in physical and economic impacts of guide plan implementation in the studied villages?</div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><strong><span class="fontstyle0">Methodology</span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle1">This study is a descriptive-analytical one, regarding its methodology. For data collection and </span>recognizing the studied villages, documentary method and survey have been used. Since this study tries to recognize the impacts and the outcomes of guide plan implementation, it uses an assessment after implementation which is an approach that is different from the purpose. This approach ignores the considered purposes in the plans consciously and deliberately and it aims to study all the impacts and outcomes of the plan that are beyond its purposes. Based on theoretical basis and background, 21 items in physical dimension and 18 items in economic dimension were defined. The method of choosing the studied villages is a selective method and according to the judgment; for choosing them some indicators such as natural condition, population, distance from the county, and the number of projects that have been implemented and the time duration of the plan implementation (5 years and more) are considered. Statistical population includes 2467 households that are residents of the mentioned villages; by using Cochran Formula 332 households were obtained as sample size and at the end 340 households have been chosen. Sampling method in statistical population is classified randomly. For data description, this method uses descriptive statistics like mean, frequency, and percent and to analyze them, it uses Kruskal Wallis Test, Spearman Correlation Test, Nounally Method and Standard Deviation Distance from Mean.</div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><strong><span class="fontstyle0">Discussion and Conclusion</span></strong><br> <span class="fontstyle2">Guide plan implementation aims to provide facilities in a fair manner by creating social, welfare, production facilities, necessary facilities for rural housing improvement and creating environmental, public services and guiding the physical development of the villages. The study's findings show that in physical dimension, the most impact of the plan regarding the respondents' point of view, is the appropriate orientation of rural development and development of infrastructural services. Despite of some shortcomings in development of green space, locating the disposal of sewages and waste, results show that guide plan implementation has a partly desirable impact on physical change in the studied villages. The impact of the plan for orientation of rural development and development of infrastructural services was more remarkable. This finding reveals that direct and urgent impacts of the plan on physical environment of the village are positive. But some implementation weaknesses and institutional inconsistency can be considered as the causes of the mentioned shortcomings. Economic changes are followed by physical change in villages among them the price change for houses that are near to main road is remarkable. The analysis of effective factors on guide plan implementation showed that villages located in foothills, with more population and with 10-20 kilometers distance from Kermanshah, had more physical and economic changes; these findings can express the less flourished capabilities of these villages that are emerged by guide plan implementation. Regarding to this study results that were mentioned briefly, to improve the guide plan implementation in physical and economic dimensions in Kermanshah villages, some suggestions are as follow:<br> 1. Considering the obtained means according to respondents' point of view, unhealthy way of sewage disposal creates an inappropriate condition in terms of environmental health in the studied villages.<br> 2. Regarding to improvement of passages in most of the studied villages, there is an urgent need for providing necessary mechanisms to maintain these achievements through educating people.<br> 3. regarding to existing problems in physical and economic impacts that are especially obvious in projects such as paving the passages, developing green space and appropriate way of sewage and waste disposal, investment and engagement in light engineering and industry, lack of appropriate coordination between organization and Housing Foundation is suggested. In this regard, before implementing the guide plan it is necessary for other organizations and engaged institution in rural development to be coordinated and play an effective role in the process of implementation of the plan by providing clear guidelines for them. So, impacts and outcomes of the plan are not limited to physical cases that are inadequate and these lead to economic and social development of the village too.</span></div> طرح هادی, ارزشیابی, اثرات کالبدی, اثرات اقتصادی, شهرستان کرمانشاه. Guide Plans, Assessment, Physical Impacts, Economic Impacts, Kermanshah County. 141 160 http://serd.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2-41&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Jafar Tavakkoli جعفر توکلی J.Tavakkoli@gmail.com 10031947532846001863 10031947532846001863 Yes Assistant prof. in Geography and Rural Planning, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران. Akram Razlansari اکرم رزلانسری 10031947532846001864 10031947532846001864 No M.A. in Geography and Rural Planning, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.