Showing 193 results for Rural
Seyyed Hassan Motiee Langeroudi, Zahra Heydari,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2012)
Abstract
Rural areas taking into consideration their eco-tourism and natural attractions are among the target of tourism activity. With the consideration of low income level of rural communities, tourism is an appropriate alternative regarding job opportunities and promotion of rural financial capabilities. The major objective of this study is to investigate the potential of coastal rural areas of Tonkabon with respect to fishing activity as far as job opportunities and income earning capabilities is concerned. Research method of this study is based on survey technique and questionnaire. This paper carries descriptive as well as analytical approach. Sample size of 100 were extracted. Data were analyzed via SPSS, regression correlation and T and Freedman tests .This paper suggests that the study area possesses high potentials regarding fishing activities. That is, tourists are more interested in fishing activities if the corresponding infrastructures, suitable accommodations were available in advance.
Hassan Afrakhteh,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2012)
Abstract
Despite all initiatives and endeavors, Iran’s rural communities are encountering with challenges regarding the achievement of comprehensive development. Space economy is associated with location distribution of economic activities as well as movement and flow of population, goods, services, and capital. These in turn, would have great impact upon the development level of different settlement including towns and countries and their interrelations. The major objective of this study is to investigate the impact of space economy upon rural development. The study area is Shaft district located in Gilan providence. Data gathering technique is tied to direct observation, interview with local folks as well as filling questionnaire .This is further supported by application of inferential statistics including regression correlation techniques and top SIS model. This study suggests that concentrated social-economic system is associated with imbalanced location of economic activities. It is argued that spatial arrangement of economic activities is major determinant of flow of population, goods, services, and capital and further influence regional development of rural as well as urban nodes. This in turn, would question the qualification of rural
development.
Farshad Momeni,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2012)
Abstract
The major objective of this paper is to determine the impact of inappropriate planning on economic function and further to explain the link between oil rent and rural development. The research method is based on descriptive-analytical one. However, this analysis is geared toward combination of institutionalized pattern with emphasis on dependency upon marched path and political economy rent. This study suggests that the failure of our policy constitute the major core of the problem. This similarly exemplified itself in different historic periods with or without dependency upon oil. This paper further tries to propose some
suggestions and recommendations in order to get out of this political failure phenomena.
Framarz Barimani, Zahra Nikmanesh, Sohyla Khodaverdiloo,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2012)
Abstract
The empowerment of rural women and their involvement in decision making process is being considered as one of the prerequisite for achieving sustainable development. Access to small credit could well facilitate the empowerment mechanism. This study tries to answer the following question: Could access to small credit be influential on economic and psychological empowerment of women? The research method of this study is based on survey technique, filling questionnaire and documentation. The sample of this study is all of the woman of Lakestan Sub-District Salmas out of which 225 were extracted through quota sampling technique. Data were analyzed through application of T test. This paper suggests that access to small amount of credits could have a great impact on rural women's empowerment. That is those who were awarded loan were more capable and possess more self-confidence comparing with the ones who did not receive it.
Hasanali Farajisabokbar,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2012)
Abstract
Spatial distributions of rural settlements in Iran represent an imbalanced nature. The major objective of this study is to investigate the spatial patterns of Iranian rural settlements using certain indicators and indices .It further tries to propose a model regarding the analysis of spatial imbalances. This study further supported by application of modifiable areal unit problem(MAUP) suitable for aggregated data. It consists of both general as well as local scale pertaining to aggregation problem. Chosen area for the purpose of combination represent an arbitrary nature .However; areal units can be meaningful in displaying the same base level data. For the purpose of modeling and selection of basic unit, the hexagonal model long associated with geography is used. The spatial statistical methods were the global measure of Moran's I and Local Indicators of Spatial Association(LISA). While Moran's I provides information on the overall spatial distribution of the data, LISA provides information on types of spatial association at the local level. LISA statistics can also be used to identify influential locations in spatial association analysis. Spatial analysis can identify imbalances with respect to settlement distribution. This study suggests that different indices will hold different results regarding spatial rural imbalances.
Mojtaba Ghadirimasoum, Hadi Gharagozloo,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2013)
Abstract
The construction of industrial towns and regions are being considered as an important strategies regarding rural development. However, Iran is not an exception. It is being argued that by 2010, there exists 335 industrial regions. This in turn, could explain prominent changes associated with rural areas. The research method of this study is based on descriptive- analytical method. 50 out of 139 employed people were extracted. This study further is supported by application of McNamara and Wilcoxon non-parametric tests. This study suggests that there exists signification difference and variation with regard to income, variance in occupations, job satisfaction as well as security, improvement in nutrition and quality of life indices. However, there are not major significant variations regarding community participation, ownership, and rural inertia.
Mohamadreza Rezvani, Mehrnoush Moradi,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2013)
Abstract
Strategic tourism planning is being considered as a way of rural development. It further is a response to Globalization and rural reconstruction. Tourism development requiers systematic comperhensive approach. Rural settlements located in margin of desert area of Mighan, despite of their varied tourism potentials, are very deprived and distressed. The major objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of tourism development and is relevant the system. Sample is composed of tourists, residents, and local managers. Random sampling technique was applied in order to come up with 274, 150, and 30 respectively. This is followed by application of desriptive and inferal statistics including T students. This study suggests that due to a lack of knowledge of tourists as well as tourism marketing, tourism demand regarding, tourism attractiont the study area is very negligble. It further suggests that tourism constituent’s elementsincluding tourism constituents elements including tourism attractions, transportation, infrastructure, and tourism sales and participation are at medium level. However, knowledge level regarding tourism was fairly poor. It is argued that internal tourism potentials as well as external tourism opportunities of the study area are oppropriate. Via appropriate and consolidated tourism planning including marketing, promotion and improvement of tourism infrastructures and superstructures, we could exploit all of the internal strengths as well as external opportunities regarding tourism development.
Hamid Jalalian,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2013)
Abstract
Limitation regarding water resource along with skyrocketing population growth and its subsequent agricultural production consumption, demand more attention with respect to rational methods of water use and as well as improvement in irrigation system. This in turn will lead to provision of ample water resource and increase in agricultural crops as well as helping the country’s economy. Taking into consideration that agriculture is being consideration as major economic sector in rural areas, thus increase in production level along with decrease in its relevant costs could play a prominent role in social and economic trends of rural areas. The major objective of this study is to investigate the impact of practice of under pressure irrigation system on agriculture status of Khodabandeh County. The research method is based on descriptive – analytical as well as surveymethods. The population is composed of 800 of family households in Khodabandeh in 2011-2010 in which 168 were extracted via Kokrans formula and random sampling technique. This study more specifically deals with questionnaire which its viability was proven by extension agricultural experts. According to Chrombakhs reliability is amounted to be 0.79. This study further supported by SPSS software. This paper suggests that the implication of this irrigation system leads to some economic, social, and environmental impacts on agricultural situation of the study area. It is argued that according to T test with 99% confidence level, there exists significant difference with regard to per capita yield as well as provision of job opportunities comparing with past, that is prior to new irrigation system. Moreover, according to principle component analysis, economic, environment, agricultural inputs, and social factors with 17.261, 16.262, 14.729, 12.201 respectively are capable of explaining 60.45% of all variations.
Aliakbar Anabestani, Mojtaba Rosta,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2013)
Abstract
At present, agriculture is being considered as a major economic activity in Iranian rural settlments. It provides essential needs of the settlers, creates job opportunities, increases revenue as well as plays a prominent role regarding the peasant household’s economy. However, agriculture by itself is not capabale in reponsding to household livelihood. That is, there exists a need for complementary source of income such as fuel wood production units. The major objective of this study is to investigate the process of forming these producton units and to investigate their existance in Seemacan Fars. The research method is based on analytical – descriptivemethod. This is followed by filling questionnaire by village councils pertaining to 40 villages as well as 249 rural households. This study suggests that emergence of this type of complementary economic unites dated back to 1370. It speeds up in 1380. The majority of these production unites are located in pole be payee and Koshksar, moheet Ab and Ab shoykh. Economically speaking the income of each rural household is 2.5 times of regular, non dependent householdes to this source. Furthermore, there exists a significant relationships between unemployment (r=0.274) and per-capita agriculture land (r=-0.224). It is further suggested that there is a significant correlation between household’s economic status and p revalenceof these production units. The packaging factory and corresponding ::::union:::: and Insurance are highly recommended.
Ahmad Farahani, Falsoliman Mahmod, Mohamad Hajipour, Nahid Haghdost, Morteza Felezi,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2013)
Abstract
Nowadays information technology indices are being concerned as measures of development. This in turn will lead to many advantages’ in different areas
for the evolved party. However, rural development is responsible for social and cultural changes. These could be exemplified itself in increase in job opportunities and rural income, improvement in nutrition’s standards as well as educational and sanitation-medical status. The provision of these them could prevent irrational rural urban migration. The major objective of this study is to investigate the impact of information technology on job opportunities, self employed phenomena, job skill, relevant general knowledge’s, specialized knowledge’s, and last but not least rural urban migration. This study is composed of all rural settlers between 15-30 age brackets living in southern Khorasan villages which are exposed with ICT services the sampling technique was based on regular clustering. As such 386 were selected. The research method is composed of descriptive and in feral statistics. It is further supported by filling questionnaire. This study suggests that the targets of information technology are predominately young. In addition, there exists significant variation and differences between the level of information technologies acceptance and improvement in general and specialized rural knowledge’s as well as self employed and increase in job skills.
Khadijeh Javanii, Esmail Karami Dehkardi, Hosin Farahani,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2013)
Abstract
Agricultural sustainability is being undoubtly considered as one of the most prominrnt sector of sustainable development. Bala Velayats settlers Torbate Heydareeyeh basically rely on orchard economy and more specifically on Safran for their livelihoods. This crop originally was cultivated in Khorasan this in turn requier special attention regardinng the sustainability issue. This paper aims to emphasis on social – economic sustainability regardingSafarans production. The research method of this study is based on both field works and documentary method. It is further supported by regression correlation analysis as a part of data gathering procedures, questionnaire were distributed among rural key and influential persons (Dehyaran) as well as 227 of peasants extracted out of 20 villages. This study suggests that the economic status of the peasants, their low income, price fluctuation of Safran, non-assured prices of Safran, lack of appropriate marketing, the high procurement costs, and incapability of government institutions regarding the creation of co-operative institutions responsible for transaction of Safran, all are being considered s major cause of Saran’s economic no sustainability. However, spontaneous community participation and their extravagant desire regarding cultivation of this crop are among sustainability’s elements. This in turn could justify the social sustainably of the villages. This study suggests that there exists a positive and significant correlation between levels of sustainably of this crop and literacy level of the population as an independent variable. This study further suggests that there exist a significant and negative correlation between sustainability of this crop and distance from the town as an independent variable.
Medi Pourtaheri, Reza Nemati,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2013)
Abstract
Thought the world, rural areas tend to represent similar characteristics. Populations are spatially distributed. Agriculture is being considered as
dominant economic sector. However, this sector as well as rural peoples is encountered with some challenges regarding development. In other word, there exists some limitation as far as the resource mobilization is concerned. Sometimes spatial rural population distribution is such in which it may
impose negative impacts with respect to provision of goads and the relevant services and their corresponding costs. Specific economic conditions of rural areas lead to limited opportunities as opposed to non rural areas. However, during recent years, the nature of rural development experiences great changes many of the rural settlers are directly engaged in non agricultural occupations. This in turn, requires keeping an appropriate balance between the provision of rural settlers needs from one hand and the implication of sustainable rural development on the other hand. This paper exemplifies some of these challenges in central part of Khoramabad. The research method is based on qualitative method. It is further supported by filling questionnaires. The sample sage was 300 pirating to 20 villages. This study further applied T student and SPSS software in order to evaluate economic, environmental, and social aspects of these challenges. This paper suggests that there exists significant difference and variation among social, economic and ecological aspects of rural settlements. However, economic challenges are being these considered prominent rural problems. In turn means that economic further have the most priority from the rural settlers view points.
Mohsen Sartipipour,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2013)
Abstract
Through histroy, the establishment of rural villages has exemplified itself in man-environment interactions. That is ebbs and falls of these settlements are dictated by this sort of reciprocal relationship. Iranian rural settlements indicate the man-land interactions as well. That is the presence of over 70 % of rural population in 1335 proves this fact. However, the thorough reviews on rural architecture in the past show a prominent element of sustainability. This by itself supports this fact physical proportions of rural areas are based on some interrelated components. That is dwellings are the outcome of these interrelations and interactions and multi-faceted components. This study emphasizes on historical variations and contrasts regarding Iranian rural settlements taking into consideration the analysis of rural dewllings architectural elements. The research method is based on descriptive – analytical Methods as well as documentary and statisticalinformation. This study suggests that Iranian rural dewellings fall into four categories including northern, mountainous, central, and southern coastal regions. Physically speaking, rural dwellings pertaining to Guilan, Mazandaran, Hamedan, and Yazd possess higher quality. However, taking into account all measures, Yazd, Isfehan, and Tehran's rural dwellings possess higher comfort as well as welfare levels. Conversely, rural dwellings associated with Sistan and Baluchestan experience the highest and harshest conditions.
Mohamadreza Rezvani, Tahereh Sadeghloo, Hasanali Farajisabokbar, Abdorreza Eftekhri,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (6-2013)
Abstract
Marketing of agricultural products is being considered as one of the most fundamental and important measures for development in rural environments. As such, the identification of responsible factors for marketing of perishable products namely dairy products could facilitate marketing process and as a result diminish the associated problems in local communities. The identification of responsible and influential measures as well as the adjustment of their spatial distribution ,taking into account the temporal constraints and the nature of the products at different stages with regard to both traditional and semi modern producers is a very determinant action . This in turn is associated with time-costs losses issue, cutting the hands of the mediators, decrease in shipping costs in relation to distance decay function, increase in profits and enhancement of economic growth in rural areas. Therefore, the exact determination of responsible factors for facilitating dairy marketing networks as well as their spatial distribution in rural area is a prime objective of rural economic planning at different decision level. This study aims to identify the major responsible factors regarding dairy marketing networks with particular emphasis on geographic factors in Khodabandeh, Zanjan. This study is based on analyticaldescriptive method. It further supports the application of filling questionnaires by experts and analysis of variance. This study suggests that taking into account level of the analysis, functional-behavioral factor would consider as the most prominent factor regarding the dairy marketing network and its corresponding spatial distribution.
Aliakbar Taghiloo, Abdollah Abdollahi,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (6-2013)
Abstract
The present study deals with agricultural development in rural areas as a phenomenon related to urban growth. This study believes in this hypothesis
that urban growth per say would motivate agricultural activities in surrounding rural areas .It aims to investigate the level of agricultural development resulted from rural-urban mutual relationships and interactions. The study area is composed of Azerbaijan major cities along with villages located in their vicinities and their sphere of the influences. Needed data related to livestock as well as orchard and agricultural products obtained from Bureau of census of the province .The level of agricultural development in relation to neighboring cities was determined using topsis model as well as correlation regression and their corresponding coefficients. This study suggests that there exists a significant relationship between size of cities and their corresponding level of agricultural activities in the hinterlands, taking into account the coefficient level (0.825) as well as significant level (95%). This study further supports this fact that 85% of the variation pertaining to the level of the agricultural development in thehinterlands is explained by city size variable.
Hamed Ghadermarzi, Davood Jomeini, Alireza Jamshidi, Ramin Cheraghi,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (6-2013)
Abstract
Optimum housing situation in both rural and urban areas is being considered as one of the social-economic indicators. Application of comprehensive and descent housing planning requires the identification and determination of different relevant dimensions and aspects. Using housing indicators and indices helps to evaluate the housing status which regional planning demands. These indices, which indicate both qualitative and quantitative aspects of housing, would be an effective guide regarding housing planning. This study aims to evaluate and investigate the rural housing status in Kermanshah using housing indicators .The research method is based on documentary as well as analytical one .Relevant data obtained from 1385- population survey. This study supports the application of 34 indicators and indices. The analysis of this study further requires the application of spss and topsis techniques .It further demands clustering technique as well as Arc-Gis. This study suggests that there exist three homogeneous clusters. Kangavar and Harseen stand at the top as opposed to Dalahoo, Eslamabade- Qarb, Paveh, Ravansar, Gilan-e- Qarb and Javanrood which rank the lowest accordingly.
Vahid Riahi, Loghman Zamani,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (6-2013)
Abstract
This paper aims to identify secure, risk free domains and extents in Sarvabad with particular emphasis upon disaster management considerations. This study has both analytical and applied nature. Data analysis demands the application of Gis and AHP. This leads to creation of corresponding layers and final combined overlay risk maps for the evaluation of the relevant factors. consequently; spatial analysis was done upon synthesis maps in order to identify the secure, risk free domains in the study area. This study suggests that around 50 % of the county’s area that accommodates 45 villages and houses more than 53.5 %of the population located in high-risk zones. Moreover, 38% of the county’s area with 25 villages and 32.3% of the population is associated with medium level of seismic risk. However, 13% of the area along with 14.2% of the population pertaining to seven villages is situated in risk free zone. This zone is associated with high population density. This supports this hypothesis that there exists a significant relationship between population density and seismic risk.
Teymour Amar,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (6-2013)
Abstract
Tourism is being considered as a very influential factor. It proves an undeniable role regarding development of the region. This in turn implies some consequences including changes in architecture style, misallocation of different land uses, destruction of agricultural lands and the ignorance of rooted and classic rural activities. The research method of this study is based on analytical-descriptive method .It further supports the application of documentary as well as interviews with local experts in Daylaman eco tourism area. This area experiences drastic physical changes during past decades. This study aims to prove the impact of capitalist thoughts on physical elements with different identity, and its resultant decrease in unified locational characters. This study suggests that on average, 230 tourists arrive in the region daily .However, in spite of 31% decrease in rural population during 1375-1385, there exists great demand, and 25 % increase, with regard to construction activities. Moreover, even though Daylam as an administrative and political center and its corresponding villages possess physical plans, but the speed of changes in geographical landscapes are such that the organization and management of virgin and suitable spaces are being relatively ignored. The continuation of this situation could lead to monopolization of geographic spaces, destruction of resources, and divergence from the objective of Daylaman’s sustainable development plans.
Farahnaz Rostami, Vahid Ali-Abadi, Sara Baghaeei,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (9-2013)
Abstract
This analytical – comparative study aims to investigate the impact of membership in rural bodies’ upon social capital level and quality of life of rural woman. Statistical community is composed of 5000 Kangavar’s rural woman out of which 380 happened to be our sample size using Bartlett’s table. Sampling technique was based on simple random sampling. Data analysis was done via application of descriptive statistics including frequency, medium and mode as well as inferential statistics mainly T test. Comparative analysis regarding social capital status was done through ISDM and Mean Whitney U test. This study suggests that the level of social capital of rural woman was moderate. Moreover, there exists a significant difference at 5 % level between membered rural woman as opposed to non-membered ones with respect to social capital level and quality of life. It further indicates that putting value on life and adoption, level regarding differences of membered women compared with the other component of social capital possesses higher average. However, none membered women work ties possess higher average among non-member rural woman.
Seyyed Hassan Moteei-Langroudi, Maryam Rezaeyeh-Azadi,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (9-2013)
Abstract
Economic outcomes and consequences are among one of the most prominent reasons for tourism planners. Tourism is being considered as major motive as long as the economic development is concerned. Taking into account peasant’s economic status as well as downward trend in agricultural activity and high rate of rural migration, there exists a need regarding an economic alternative complementary with agriculture. This in turn leads to rural sustainable development as well as sustainable livelihood. This is associated with improvement in quality of life and rural satisfaction. Band resort, a tourism destination located in vicinity of Oromee-e taking into consideration its prime location and eco-tourism potentials and its closeness to Oromee-e is capable of attracting many tourists. However, not all of the potentials and capabilities of this resort have been uncovered toward sustainable tourism economy. This study aims to investigate the economic impacts from host community’s point of view. It is based on descriptive and analytical method. Sample size happens to be 300 households extracted out of Band village. Data analysis requires application of non-parametric χ2 and T test. This paper shows that tourism has led to economic impacts including creation of job opportunities, revenue for the peasants. However, increase in land price is among its negative economic
outcome.
