Search published articles
Showing 2 results for Resilience
Anoshiravan Zahiri, Hadi Sanaeepour, Abdolghani Rastegar,
Volume 10, Issue 37 (12-2021)
Volume 10, Issue 37 (12-2021)
Abstract
Introduction
Economic actors must be prepared to identify and plan risks. In other words, businesses need to improve their resilience. Improving business resilience consists planning for risks and businesses capabilities for surviving and thriving despite unfavorable conditions. Business resilience is the structural and procedural dynamics that enable businesses to have the capacity to address challenges. Survival and development of businesses operating in today's unstable environment depends to some extent on their resilience. In this regard, eco-resorts call for improvement of their resilience capacity. Resilience capacity enhances the ability of eco-tourism businesses in the face of specific situations and accelerates transformational actions in the event of unexpected and important events and contributes to the long-term survival of the organization. To this end, the purpose of this study is modeling the resilience of eco resorts in rural areas of Giulan Province. A literature review was conducted and verified the research gap in the importance of business resilience in rural areas and highlighted that no study has been conducted to address this issue. Also, it should be noted that the rural economy is not merely economic, but also social, political and security aspects, and this study can contribute to new perspectives on this matter.
Methodology
The present study is exploratory. The study uses a qualitative method and specifically a grounded theory, to model the resilience pattern of eco-tourism businesses in rural areas of Gilan Province. Semi-structured interviews with key practitioners and informants were used as the means of data collection. For this purpose, a snowball sampling was used. 18 interviewees were selected and the collected information reached saturation point. For data analysis, the systematic method of Strauss and Corbin was performed in three main steps: open coding, axial coding and selective coding. After conducting interviews and integrating common themes using the grounded theory method, the categories were divided into six groups: causal factors, context factors, axial phenomenon or component, intervening factors, strategies and consequences, and ultimately a paradigmatic model was designed. The validity of the research tool was confirmed by participants, and peers. The reliability of the results was evaluated by several experts on the topic and the final model was extracted.
Discussion and conclusion
Based on the findings, the causal factors of the research include the variables of entrepreneurial attitude (including entrepreneurial awareness and identification, discovery and creation of opportunities in rural areas), entrepreneurial orientation and leadership, entrepreneurial characteristics, technology-based entrepreneurship and strategic entrepreneurial perspective of business owners in this rural region.
Also, intervention factors were identified as variables of creative and innovative milieu, entrepreneurial culture of rural areas, customer service and networking between entrepreneurs and residents of rural areas, communication and coordination within the organization and stakeholders, social exchange of the local community.
The context factors of the research consisted of the development of public and technological infrastructure in rural areas, improving the macroeconomic and social environment, promoting institutional arrangements (government, public sector and market), rural destinations and attractions and their uniqueness.
Eco tourism business resilience strategies comprise creating virtual social networks for promoting rural businesses, financial supports, administrative supports, political supports, legal supports, advertising, marketing and branding of rural businesses, improving individual and managerial skills of rural economic actors, reviewing business plans, strategic planning of human capital, providing a sustainable competitive advantage (competitiveness) for rural businesses and knowledge management for local people.
In conclusion, the resilience of eco-tourism businesses leads to consequences such as sustainability, durability and flexibility of rural businesses, exploiting business opportunities in rural areas, creating security in rural areas by establishing sustainable development (socio-cultural, economic and environmental), job creation, social welfare, prosperity of the local economy and reverse migration to rural areas.
Economic actors must be prepared to identify and plan risks. In other words, businesses need to improve their resilience. Improving business resilience consists planning for risks and businesses capabilities for surviving and thriving despite unfavorable conditions. Business resilience is the structural and procedural dynamics that enable businesses to have the capacity to address challenges. Survival and development of businesses operating in today's unstable environment depends to some extent on their resilience. In this regard, eco-resorts call for improvement of their resilience capacity. Resilience capacity enhances the ability of eco-tourism businesses in the face of specific situations and accelerates transformational actions in the event of unexpected and important events and contributes to the long-term survival of the organization. To this end, the purpose of this study is modeling the resilience of eco resorts in rural areas of Giulan Province. A literature review was conducted and verified the research gap in the importance of business resilience in rural areas and highlighted that no study has been conducted to address this issue. Also, it should be noted that the rural economy is not merely economic, but also social, political and security aspects, and this study can contribute to new perspectives on this matter.
Methodology
The present study is exploratory. The study uses a qualitative method and specifically a grounded theory, to model the resilience pattern of eco-tourism businesses in rural areas of Gilan Province. Semi-structured interviews with key practitioners and informants were used as the means of data collection. For this purpose, a snowball sampling was used. 18 interviewees were selected and the collected information reached saturation point. For data analysis, the systematic method of Strauss and Corbin was performed in three main steps: open coding, axial coding and selective coding. After conducting interviews and integrating common themes using the grounded theory method, the categories were divided into six groups: causal factors, context factors, axial phenomenon or component, intervening factors, strategies and consequences, and ultimately a paradigmatic model was designed. The validity of the research tool was confirmed by participants, and peers. The reliability of the results was evaluated by several experts on the topic and the final model was extracted.
Discussion and conclusion
Based on the findings, the causal factors of the research include the variables of entrepreneurial attitude (including entrepreneurial awareness and identification, discovery and creation of opportunities in rural areas), entrepreneurial orientation and leadership, entrepreneurial characteristics, technology-based entrepreneurship and strategic entrepreneurial perspective of business owners in this rural region.
Also, intervention factors were identified as variables of creative and innovative milieu, entrepreneurial culture of rural areas, customer service and networking between entrepreneurs and residents of rural areas, communication and coordination within the organization and stakeholders, social exchange of the local community.
The context factors of the research consisted of the development of public and technological infrastructure in rural areas, improving the macroeconomic and social environment, promoting institutional arrangements (government, public sector and market), rural destinations and attractions and their uniqueness.
Eco tourism business resilience strategies comprise creating virtual social networks for promoting rural businesses, financial supports, administrative supports, political supports, legal supports, advertising, marketing and branding of rural businesses, improving individual and managerial skills of rural economic actors, reviewing business plans, strategic planning of human capital, providing a sustainable competitive advantage (competitiveness) for rural businesses and knowledge management for local people.
In conclusion, the resilience of eco-tourism businesses leads to consequences such as sustainability, durability and flexibility of rural businesses, exploiting business opportunities in rural areas, creating security in rural areas by establishing sustainable development (socio-cultural, economic and environmental), job creation, social welfare, prosperity of the local economy and reverse migration to rural areas.
Mona Fakhrghazi , Eisa Pourremezan , Nasrollah Molaee Hashjin,
Volume 11, Issue 41 (12-2022)
Volume 11, Issue 41 (12-2022)
Abstract
Introduction
Environmental hazards, such as earthquakes, in rural settlements cause irreparable damage. One of the most significant damages is economic damage. Recognizing and understanding the level of economic resilience, an aspect of resilience, can be considered with appropriate planning in reducing injuries and destructive effects of environmental hazards. Avaj County in Qazvin Province is an earthquake-prone area of the country, and the degree of vulnerability and destruction of the rural settlements of this county in the earthquakes has been very high. Considering that if a place is economically upgraded, it is more suitable for living and reduces the risks. Economic resilience is one of the most critical issues in rural planning. Increasing the level of economic resilience will create satisfaction and security in the society, motivation of the residents to stay in the village environment and prevent the migration of the villagers. Therefore, more appropriate planning can be done in the village environment for crisis management. This research aims to explain the economic resilience of rural settlements in Avaj County.
Methodology
The required information has been collected from 100 villages of Avaj County in 5 districts. In order to collect information in the scope of the study, a questionnaire capable of collecting the required information was designed, and according to the size of the households (10293) and using Cochran’s formula with an error of 0.05%, the sample size of 370 households was determined. The number of samples in each village was determined using the proportional stratified method. In order to measure the validity (internal validity) of the questionnaire, the approval of experts and professors in the field of rural studies was taken, and to measure the reliability (external validity) of the questionnaires and ensure the accuracy and repeatability of the results, Cronbach’s alpha statistical test was used. The obtained coefficient (0.963) indicates the acceptable reliability of the questionnaire for conducting research. Excel and SPSS software were used for calculations, and GIS software was used for map drawing. In order to use the information in inferential statistics, indexing steps have been taken. After weighing and applying the weights by principal component analysis, resilience scores have been obtained for comparison and conclusion. The studied villages were ranked based on economic resilience scores in three levels: low, medium, and high. Single-sample T-test has been used to prove the significance and generalizability of research results and regression analysis to show the impact of the economic dimension on resilience.
Discussion and conclusion
In this research, to investigate and analyze economic resilience, the economic dimension, which is one of the four dimensions of resilience, has been discussed and investigated. In this dimension, three components and 16 items were identified. According to the findings, the use of loans and bank grants for renovation and improvement with an average of 3.69, the amount of use of government aid to the injured with an average of 3.64, economic status and quality of buildings with an average of 3.60, were the highest average respectively. On the other hand, items of the strength of the building structure with an average of 2.43, no disruptions in work activity in the event of an earthquake with an average of 2.82, the level of satisfaction with household savings to compensate for earthquake damages, 2.82 has had the most negligible impact on economic resilience at the level of the studied villages. Regarding the resilience scores, we found that Hesar Valiasr District has the highest score of 7.99, and Eastern Kharghan District has the lowest score of economic resilience with a score of 7.23. Considering the level of the economic situation, which is higher than the average with the one-sample T-test, and also the average of the components such as the employment status and income, which is at a relatively appropriate level, it seems that the villagers do not want to change the way of building. Instead, there is a desire for traditional-native architecture and the use of materials with low resistance. Regarding the present research results, the proposed solutions in the study area include using local trustees to encourage villagers to change building construction patterns and use high-quality and earthquake-resistant materials. Also, planning to use the economic potentials of the region in addition to the agriculture and livestock sectors such as tourism and industry to create a diversity of job opportunities and non-dependence on one job and source of income and having a second job can help and is a support strategy to return to the right conditions before the risk in case of danger and losing the first job.
Environmental hazards, such as earthquakes, in rural settlements cause irreparable damage. One of the most significant damages is economic damage. Recognizing and understanding the level of economic resilience, an aspect of resilience, can be considered with appropriate planning in reducing injuries and destructive effects of environmental hazards. Avaj County in Qazvin Province is an earthquake-prone area of the country, and the degree of vulnerability and destruction of the rural settlements of this county in the earthquakes has been very high. Considering that if a place is economically upgraded, it is more suitable for living and reduces the risks. Economic resilience is one of the most critical issues in rural planning. Increasing the level of economic resilience will create satisfaction and security in the society, motivation of the residents to stay in the village environment and prevent the migration of the villagers. Therefore, more appropriate planning can be done in the village environment for crisis management. This research aims to explain the economic resilience of rural settlements in Avaj County.
Methodology
The required information has been collected from 100 villages of Avaj County in 5 districts. In order to collect information in the scope of the study, a questionnaire capable of collecting the required information was designed, and according to the size of the households (10293) and using Cochran’s formula with an error of 0.05%, the sample size of 370 households was determined. The number of samples in each village was determined using the proportional stratified method. In order to measure the validity (internal validity) of the questionnaire, the approval of experts and professors in the field of rural studies was taken, and to measure the reliability (external validity) of the questionnaires and ensure the accuracy and repeatability of the results, Cronbach’s alpha statistical test was used. The obtained coefficient (0.963) indicates the acceptable reliability of the questionnaire for conducting research. Excel and SPSS software were used for calculations, and GIS software was used for map drawing. In order to use the information in inferential statistics, indexing steps have been taken. After weighing and applying the weights by principal component analysis, resilience scores have been obtained for comparison and conclusion. The studied villages were ranked based on economic resilience scores in three levels: low, medium, and high. Single-sample T-test has been used to prove the significance and generalizability of research results and regression analysis to show the impact of the economic dimension on resilience.
Discussion and conclusion
In this research, to investigate and analyze economic resilience, the economic dimension, which is one of the four dimensions of resilience, has been discussed and investigated. In this dimension, three components and 16 items were identified. According to the findings, the use of loans and bank grants for renovation and improvement with an average of 3.69, the amount of use of government aid to the injured with an average of 3.64, economic status and quality of buildings with an average of 3.60, were the highest average respectively. On the other hand, items of the strength of the building structure with an average of 2.43, no disruptions in work activity in the event of an earthquake with an average of 2.82, the level of satisfaction with household savings to compensate for earthquake damages, 2.82 has had the most negligible impact on economic resilience at the level of the studied villages. Regarding the resilience scores, we found that Hesar Valiasr District has the highest score of 7.99, and Eastern Kharghan District has the lowest score of economic resilience with a score of 7.23. Considering the level of the economic situation, which is higher than the average with the one-sample T-test, and also the average of the components such as the employment status and income, which is at a relatively appropriate level, it seems that the villagers do not want to change the way of building. Instead, there is a desire for traditional-native architecture and the use of materials with low resistance. Regarding the present research results, the proposed solutions in the study area include using local trustees to encourage villagers to change building construction patterns and use high-quality and earthquake-resistant materials. Also, planning to use the economic potentials of the region in addition to the agriculture and livestock sectors such as tourism and industry to create a diversity of job opportunities and non-dependence on one job and source of income and having a second job can help and is a support strategy to return to the right conditions before the risk in case of danger and losing the first job.
| Page 1 from 1 |
Related Websites
Site Keywords
نشریه, Academic Journal, Scientific Article, کلمه شماره یک, کلمه شماره یک, کلمه شماره یک, کلمه شماره یک, کلمه شماره دو, کلمه شماره یک, کلمه دوVote
Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb