SPACE ECONOMY & RURAL DEVELOPMENT

The analysis of effective indicators regarding agricultural development and water management of rural settlements Case: Tabriz plain

Fatemeh Kazemeyeh

Agricultural sector taking into account its role in GNP (11%), employment opportunities (23%) and food provision (over 80%) performs a critical role in Iranian economy. Water resources are being considered as a very prominent factor with respect to agricultural sector. This study aims to investigate effective indicators regarding agriculture development as well as water management in Tabriz plain. It is based on factor analysis. Statistical society is composed of 39 villages. Data gathering technique is predominately based on questionnaire and documentation. It is further supported by getting information from ministries of agriculture and water organization. This is followed by determination of 25 indicators for the assessment of agricultural development and 11 indicators regarding water management of the study area. Deducting the number of variables requires the application of principle component analysis. This study suggests that mechanization, cropping based on irrigation system, structure and performance are capable of explaining 79 percent of the variations pertaining to agricultural development. It is argued that surface water, deep wells, semi deep wells explain 61 percent of the variations regarding water management as well. It further suggests that those counties with comparative advantages with respect to agricultural products and simultaneously not experiencing water deficiency should emphasize agricultural plans based on high priority crops. However, those encountering with agricultural problems should stress optimum resource usages and preservationissue.

Spatial analysis regarding agricultural development in Khuzestan’s counties

Nasrollah Mullayi Hashjin

Agricultural sector taking into account its high potential with respect to creation of value added as well as job opportunities from one hand, and provision of food security and its economic capabilities on the other hand has very predominant role in national economy. The identification and investigation of agricultural capabilities as well as the determination of development level are the first step with regard to agricultural planning. This study utilized Morris model along with centrality index in order to determine the extent of agricultural development on Khuzestan’s counties. The major objective of this paper is to found out the existing gap and deprivation level among the counties. The research method is based on descriptive-analytical technique. The statistical society is composed of all Khuzestan’s counties. 29 indices correspond with agricultural development were extracted from agricultural year book of 1388. This study suggests that there exist a major gap and imbalances among different relevant countries counties with respect to agricultural activities. Find score for the most prosperous county, Baghmalek, according to Morris and centrality indices is amounted to be 53.54 and 286 respectively. However, the associated figures for most deprived county that is Abadan, is 14.87 and 65.69. Taking into consideration the computed final score, the difference between the most deprived county as opposed to the least one is approximately four folds. It follows by some measures and suggestions for planners regarding the eradication of discrepancies and inequality.

The analysis of tourism development in rural settlements of Sari

Sadegh Hadizadeh Zargar

The increasing rate of unemployment and young age bracket migration from relatively rural settlement are being considered as one of the most prominent threats in rural communities during past decades. It is argued that tourism provides high potential settling in this regard. It is capable of generating job opportunities and counter stream migration. Taking into consideration the existing potentials and purposed investment, regarding rural tourism could help rural development. The major objective of this paper is to determine the most appropriate option available to rural tourism taking into account their capabilities as well as threats associated with northern Roodpay in Sari. The research method based on objectives has applied nature and methodologically speaking is descriptive – analytical. It is followed by application of SWOT as well as T2 FS-AHP. This study suggests that eco-tourism is known as a good alternative regarding tourism in northern Roodpay. It is further followed by cultural tourism, sport tourism and agricultural tourism respectively.

Variation in rural economy as a means of achievement of sustainable development Case: northern Marhamat Abad in Miandoab

Mohammad Vallaee

The more varied the system is, the more dynamic and sustainable would by both in time and space. This in turn, would maintain both internal and external tensions. Variation regarding rural economy is being considered as one of the approaches for achievement of sustainable rural development. The major objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between variation in rural economy and the degree of its sustainability approach. The nature of this study represents applicability. The research method is based on descriptive-analytical. It further demands field works and documentation. The study area is northern Marhamat Abad in Miandoab. The sample size based on modified Cochran was 264 extracted from 2800 households. It further utilized both descriptive as well as in feral statistic that is clustering spearman regression coefficient and VIKOR model. This study suggests that there exist a significant variation between variation of rural economy and the degree of their sustainability at 0.05 significant level. That is greater the variation in rural economy, the greater would be the degree of rural sustainability.

The analysis of influential factors upon strengthening the economic role of councils regarding rural settlements Case: villages of Harsin County

Aaij Azmi

New rural management and Islamic Councils are being considered as people-oriented institutions during last years with regard to rural economic development. This in turn, demands extra efforts for improvement of this institution status. The major objective of this study is to analyze the influential factors upon strengthening the economic role of these councils in rural area of Harsin (Kermanshah). The research method of this study is descriptive – analytical using questionnaire survey. The sample size is determined to be 50. The sampling techniques were based on simple random sample out of which 32 villages were selected. This is followed by application of Cronbach's for determination of research viability of the research data. K.M.O coefficient (o.7 and 0.71) as well as Bartlett’s test were used. Data analyses were done via utilization of descriptive methods including median, frequency, principle component analysis and Wilcoxon. This study suggests that there exist significant variation regarding economic service provision prior and after the foundation of these rural councils. Moreover, 6 preventive components with respect to economic rural development were identified. They include the legal deficiencies of the councils, their in capabilities related to passing economic rules, peoples cooperation with the councils, the community’s lack of familiarity with the council’s rules, the people’s lack of confidence regarding the council’s performance and their low financial and administrative authorization level. This is followed by identification of four other corresponding factor including community participation, better council membership selection procedure, high acquaintance of council’s members regarding rural economic problems, drawing governmental, public and private financial supports regarding rural projects and high intimacy of council members performance.

The assessment and explanation of rural industries function regarding development process Case: Saein Ghaleh district in Abhar County

Hamdolah Sojassi Gheydari

Industry is being considered as major economic element in any area. This in turn, is associated with prominent economic variables including production, employment and investment. It performs considerable role regarding environmental and social changes. More specifically, rural industries are responsible for provision of job-opportunities, prevention of rural-urban migrations, increase in economic productivity level, economic variation, and decentralization, and resource optimization. This means that rural industries are the major indicator of development level. It is argued that the assessment of rural industrial functions and consequences could assist the planners regarding the achievement of industrial sustainability in rural area. The major objective of this study is to assess and explain the rural industrial function taking into consideration sustainable development approach in Saein Ghaleh district located in Abhar. The nature of this study represents applied character. The research method is based on descriptiveanalytical one. It follows by field work and documentation survey. The sampling size using Cochran’s formula determined to be 104 households. This study suggests that there exist significant influences regarding rural industries and their corresponding economic, social, cultural and physical dimensions. Relative impacts of the industries upon rural development show high score regarding economic and environmental dimensions as opposed to physical dimension. Multiple regression analysis represents that economic dimension possess the highest score and value. Prioritizing of the rural area using victor model show that Chergar village possesses the highest score as opposed to SarveJahan.

The role of tourism in economic rural development in Behshar County

Ali Ghasemi

Rural tourism and tourism economy are being considered as one of the major economic development indicators. Moreover, most of the planners and policy makers believe that tourism industry is the major element of sustainable development. As such, rural tourism through appropriate planning and identification of advantages and limitations could perform effective role regarding rural development as well as national development. The major objective of this study is to identify potentials and capabilities regarding sustainable tourism Alltapeh village located in Behshar in Mazandarn province. This village encompasses Abasabad tourism area which is among one of the recorded safaveeye’s tourism attractions. This study aims to explain the role of tourism regarding economic – social sustainable development in the study area. Research method is based on analytical – descriptive. Data gathering demands application of field work and documentation. Data analysis is based on SWOT matrix emphasizing weaknesses, strengths, threats and opportunities as well as proposing suggested strategies in order to achieve sustainable rural tourism. Statistical society composed of 1900 rural settlers located in the study area as well as tourists (500000 per year). Sample size was determined to be 218 which constitute of 78 of local community and 140 tourists. This study suggests that rural ecological vulnerability taking into account Abasabad tourist area is relatively high. This paper further believes that rural tourism requires more attention regarding tackling threats and limitations and relative comparative advantages as far as an appropriate policy making is concerned. It further concludes that tourism planning could lead to local economic variations and thriving organized economic activities and more importantly sustainable rural tourism.

The limitations and potentials of sustainable development regarding village of Eastern borders of Iran Case: Bandan district in Nehbandan County

Hojatollah Sadeghi

Iran’s border villages are encountering with service deficiencies regarding social, economic and cultural dimensions. However, these entities are facing with foreign propaganda for enlarging border ethnic groups delimits and ignorance of these area’s capabilities and potentials. This in turn, requires more attentions toward bordering village. The major objective of this study is to investigate the limitations as well as potentials and capabilities of bordering villages of Bandan District in Nehbandan. The research method is based on survey technique, field works and documentation. As such using Cochran formula 258 rural households were extracted out of 7577 pertaining to 17 villages of this district. The viability of this questionnaire was determined by Cronbach's alpha (0.71) computation. It is further followed by application of T test, freedman, regression, and one way ANOVA. This study suggests that the economic, social status of these border villages are fairly is critical. This in turn is associated with environmental, management and security issues as well as ignorance of the region’s capabilities. It is argued that security and management variables possess the least averages as opposed to infrastructural indices. Moreover, there exists interrelationship among different indicators. That is improving one would enhance the others.