Volume 14, Issue 54 (Winter 2026)
serd 2026, 14(54): 39-58 |
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Soltani Z, Goodarzi M, Jafari M. Analysis of the Effect of Technical and Vocational Training on the Economic Empowerment of Rural Women (Case Study: Bahmai County, Iran). serd 2026; 14 (54) : 3
URL: http://serd.khu.ac.ir/article-1-4072-en.html
URL: http://serd.khu.ac.ir/article-1-4072-en.html
1- Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran , z.soltani@scu.ac.ir
2- Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2- Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
Abstract: (849 Views)
Objective: Technical and vocational education, as one of the fundamental pillars of human and economic development, plays a decisive role in enhancing skills, employability, and workforce productivity. Such training programs -particularly in rural areas- can provide an effective platform for developing practical and entrepreneurial competencies, thereby fostering the formation of dynamic human capital. When rural women are empowered through technical and vocational education, they not only acquire the skills necessary to enter the labor market and establish small or home-based enterprises, but also gain a deeper understanding of the economic potential within their local environment. This process contributes to increased household income, improved living conditions, and greater participation of women in rural economic development. Consequently, the linkage among technical and vocational education, women’s empowerment, and rural economic growth serves as a sustainable driver of poverty reduction, the creation of decent and lasting employment, and balanced development within rural communities.
Methods: The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and type. The required data were collected using documentary and survey methods. Quantitative techniques such as T-tests and the ARAS decision-making method were used for data analysis.
Results: The results of this study indicate that technical and vocational training generally has a positive impact on the lives of rural women across all four indicators of income, consumption, savings, and production. However, the extent of this impact varied across the county's districts. The Rud Talkh district experienced the most positive impact across all four indicators, while the North Tropical Bahmaei district experienced the least impact from these trainings.
Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of equitable and proportional distribution of technical and vocational training across the county and the necessity of tailoring the content of these trainings to the specific needs of each region.
Methods: The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and type. The required data were collected using documentary and survey methods. Quantitative techniques such as T-tests and the ARAS decision-making method were used for data analysis.
Results: The results of this study indicate that technical and vocational training generally has a positive impact on the lives of rural women across all four indicators of income, consumption, savings, and production. However, the extent of this impact varied across the county's districts. The Rud Talkh district experienced the most positive impact across all four indicators, while the North Tropical Bahmaei district experienced the least impact from these trainings.
Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of equitable and proportional distribution of technical and vocational training across the county and the necessity of tailoring the content of these trainings to the specific needs of each region.
Article number: 3
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61. Esplen, E., & Brody, A. (2017). Putting gender back in the picture: rethinking women's economic empowerment. Institute of Development Studies: Bridge (development-gender).
62. Faxon, H.O. (2020) Securing meaningful life: women’s work and land rights in rural Myanmar. J Rural Stud, 76(1), 76–84.
63. Haji Aliyani, S., & Papzan, A. (2021). The role of technical and vocational training in rural women's employment generation using grounded theory (Chaqmaran village, Kermanshah province). Strategic Entrepreneurship in Agriculture, 8(16), 135-125. [In Persian]
64. Hashemi, S.M., Schuler, S.R., & Riley, A.P. (2009). Rural Credit Programs and Women‟s Empowerment in Bangladesh. World Development, 24(4), 635-653.
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66. Jafari, A., Parvori-Nejad, G., & Khalil-Nejadi, S. (2023). Effects of vocational training programs of the Technical and Vocational Education Organization on the creation of rural women's home-based businesses: A case study of Damghan County. Spatial Economics and Rural Development, 2(44), 45-62. [In Persian]
67. Jalilian, S., Mehr Alizadeh, M., Yadollah, M., & Marashi, S. M. (2017). Investigating the alignment of vocational training with the educational needs of the industrial sector in Khorramshahr. Rahyaft-e No in Educational Management, 8(29), 131-149. [In Persian]
68. Kafaei-Atrian, M., Sadat, Z., Nasiri, S., Izadi- Avanji, F. (2022) The effect of self-care education based on self-efficacy theory، individual empowerment model, and their integration on quality of life among menopausal women. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery 10(1), 54–63.
69. Khalid, M.W., Samargandi, N., Shah, A., Almandeel, S. (2020) Socio-economic factors and women’s empowerment: evidence from Punjab, Pakistan. Int Econ J, 34(1), 144–168.
70. Kim, H.J., & Sung, B. (2020). How knowledge assets affect the learning-by-exporting effect: Evidence using panel data for manufacturing firms. Sustainability, 12(8), 3105.
71. Liao, C., Fei, D., Huang, Q., Jiang, L., & Shi, P. (2021). Targeted poverty alleviation through photovoltaic-based intervention: Rhetoric and reality in Qinghai, China. World Development, 137, 105117.
72. Ma, W., Zhou, X., Boansi, D., Horlu, G.S.A. & Owusu, V. (2024). Adoption and intensity of agricultural mechanization and their impact on non-farm employment of rural women. World Development, 173, 106434.
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75. Molaeiari, M. H., & Farahani, Y. (2021). Entrepreneurship and home-based businesses (urban and rural). International Conference on Global Studies in Humanities, Management, and Entrepreneurship. [In Persian]
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82. Pefage, E., Enayati, T., & Mehboubi, M. (2013). The effect of technical and professional training of home businesses on the improvement of women's business in Golestan province. Skills Training Journal, 2(3), 7-26. [In Persian]
83. Qaysari, V., Talebi, K., & Imani Pour, N. (2015). The role of entrepreneurial thinking in growth strategies of small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of Entrepreneurial Development, 8(2), 195-214. [In Persian]
84. Rahmati, N., Irji Rad, A., & Mansoub Basiri, M. (2019). The effectiveness of agricultural business training in rural women's entrepreneurship. Journal of Agricultural Education Management Research, 11(49), 3-16. [In Persian]
85. Ranabahu, N. & Tanima, F. A. (2022). Empowering vulnerable microfinance women through entrepreneurship: Opportunities, challenges, and the way forward. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 14(2), 145–166.
86. Rappaport, J. (2017). Terms of Empowerment/Examplars of Prevention: Toward a Theory for Community Psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 15(2), 121-148.
87. Sajasi Ghidari, H., Mahmoudi, H., & Jafari, F. (2017). Analysis of entrepreneurial skills of women in rural areas (Case study: Villages of the Central District of Fariman County). Rural Studies, 8(2), 242-263. [In Persian]
88. Sakam, S. Z., Jamaluddin, R., & Wahat, N. W. (2022). Inculcation of employability skills in technical and vocational education: The knowledge of employability skills and teaching practices. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(12), 1837-1849. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v12-i12/15738
89. Salleh, K. M. & Sulaiman, N. L. (2020). Reforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) on workplace learning and skills development. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(5), 2964-2967.
90. Saputro, I., Soenarto, S., Sofyan, H., Riyanita, M., Rebia, P., & Listiana, A. (2021). The effectiveness of teaching factory implementation in vocational education: Case studies in Indonesia. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 9(11), 1841–1856.
91. Sarani, S., Asghari Lafmejani, S., & Heydari Makorar, H. (2025). A comparative study of the effects of the international MENARID project on the economic and social empowerment of rural communities (Case study: Sistan and North Khorasan). Regional Planning Quarterly, Advance online publication. [In Persian]
92. Sheshadri, S., Pradeep, A., & Chandran, M. (2021). Towards gender-inclusive skill development in rural India: Factors that inhibit and facilitate women's enrolment in vocational training. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 6(SI4), 239-243.
93. Shu, Y., Ho, S.J., & Huang, T.C. (2020). The Development of a Sustainability-Oriented Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Education Framework: A Perspective Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 1878,11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01878
94. Taghipour, A. A., Motlabinejad, F., & Ahmadi Dehreshid, P. (2022). Factors influencing the success of rural entrepreneurship with an emphasis on women's perspectives (Case study: Amirabad district, Damghan County). Spatial Economics and Rural Development, 11(42), 77-106. [In Persian]
95. Tshatsinde, M. (2013). Rural Women in Development Issues and Policies. Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity, 18(18), 63-70.
96. United Nations (2017). Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision 1: Comprehensive Tables (ST/ESA/SER.A/399)
97. Verma, R., & Papa, M. (2021). BRICS amidst India‐China rivalry. Global Policy, 12(4), 509–513.
98. Williams, M., Bohler-Muller, N., Branisa, B., Cadenhead, L., Currie, C., Hijar ,G., Seshadri, I.S., Magnelli, M., Thomas, M., & Walbey, H. (2018). Economic empowerment of rural women (T20 Argentina Policy Brief).
99. Women. (2022). Women’s empowerment in agriculture: best practices and recommendations. Retrieved from https://www.unwomen.org
100. World Bank Group. (2017). World Development Indicators, Washington, DC, United States.
101. World Bank Group. (2018). An Operational Guide to Women‟s Entrepreneurship Programs in the World Bank: Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice, World Bank. Washington DC, United States.
102. Yar, F.G.M., & Rahmani, M. (2024). Innovative strategies for empowering rural communities: International experiences and applications in Afghanistan. Enrichment: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 2(9).
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