Journal of

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Although in the literature of the study the concepts of health and disease have been considered deeply dependent on each other, it seems that to differentiate them , indexes are needed which make clear both similar cultural characteristics and different cultural characteristics .In this study, an attempt was made to provide a new description of the classification of the mental health and disease and to investigate the role of different feelings in differentiating health from disease in Iranian collectivistic culture and Swedish individualistic culture. In this study, of a group of Iranian students (n=296) and of a group of Swedish students (n=310), a sample of students were selected. Results of the study showed that in the Iranian society there was a relationship between the mental health and balance affect while in the Swedish society there was a more significant relationship between the mental health and positive affect. It seems that in the typology of healthy and sick people there are four flourishing, languishing, trouble and symptomatic groups and that the positive and balance affects can differentiate these groups.

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Marital satisfaction is an effective factor in physical and Psychological health of community. The purpose of this study was to present an Iranian satisfied marriage Model.  This study was done with qualitative research and grounded theory method. Purposeful sampling was used to collect the data. Sampling continued until theoretical saturation was obtained. Totally 20 participants (10 couples) with high marital satisfaction were interviewed in semi structured and in-depth method and analyzed using the constant comparative method of Strauss and Corbin.  Findings indicated that progress toward maintaining and validating relationship is the core category of the study. The causal condition of the study was congruent spouse selection based upon well knowing of each other. The intervening condition of the study was categorized and explained in four categories of personal, couples, families, and parental levels. The strategies couples used in conflicts between themselves and families were explained. Finally the outcome of the core category was marital satisfaction that is explained more in detail. Marital satisfaction is related to culture and therefore studies should be done in the context of the culture and society

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Resource congruent model of stress emphasized on the role of cultural schemas and also heterogeneity of coping styles. The aime of this study was to investigate factor structure of coping schema inventory (CSI) which was created based on resourch congruent model. We selected 1۰۴۶ Iranian student who speak in Persian, Kurdish, Lurish and gilaki languages by multistage cluster method. Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis have been used for assessing psychometric properties. Finding showd that a six factor solution was the best fitted by the pattern in data. These six factor model explained 38% variance of coping schemas inventory. Coping schemas which was identified by factor analysis were religious, situational, passive emotional, acceptance, social support and active emotional. Internal consistency (cronbaches alpha) were calculated 0/65-0/84 for subscales of CSI.It seemed in Iranian culrure coping schemas including situational, religious, passive emotions, social support, acceptance and active emotion was more available and also more usable than other coping schema including self-restructuring, meaning, and tensition reduction. This pattern of results was consisted with predictions of resource congruent model of coping with stress. 

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Culture influence psychological phenomena in different ways. In this article, we introduce a framework for studying relationship between culture and psychological phenomena and we presented findings from some cross-cultural studies in this framework. It seems the definition and classification of personality traits, the experience of stress and mental health moderated by culture. The associations between positive and negative affects and mental health was different among Iranian and Swedish culture. In Iranian culture, both kind of affects was associated with mental health, whereas in Swedish culture, only positive affect was associated with mental health. Iranian students more used primary process against stress, whereas Swedish students more used secondary process. In addition, academic stress among Iranian students was less than Swedish students. It could conclude that there were some similarities and differences between Iranian and Swedish culture in personality traits, experience of anxiety, and coping with stress. Therefore, any policy making in global level and designing behavioral change strategies in national level should be influenced by these cultural similarities and differences

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