Showing 60 results for Anxiety
Mohsen Mirzaee Garakani, Ali Asghar Asgharnejad Farid, Fahimeh Fathali Lavasani, Pantea Ahadian Fard,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (6-2014)
Abstract
The goal of this research was to compare the emotional Schemas and to study the relationship between anxiety, worry and emotional Schema in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive disorder, Social anxiety disorder and in normal group. The sample of the study included 90 Participants (30 patients with obsessive–Compulsive disorder, 30 patients with social anxiety disorder, and 30 normal subjects). Participants completed Schemas Scale Leahy (LESS), Pennsylvania State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). People with social anxiety disorder and obsessive–compulsive disorder had significant difference compared to the normal group in the schemas of the comprehensibility, control, consensus, guilt and rumination. However, in the schema of guilt those with obsessive-compulsive disorder were significantly different from those afflicted with social anxiety disorder. Some aspects of emotional schemas in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and social anxiety were different from the normal group and the anxiety and worry were associated with some aspects of the emotional schemas.
Vahideh Salehmirhasani, Nima Ghorbani, Ahmad Alipour, Valiallah Farzad,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (3-2014)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of five factors personality in regulating of relationship between perceived and objective stress and anxiety, depression, and physical symptoms . 390 bank managers responded five factors personality ( NEO ) , perceived stress , objective stress , anxiety and depression scals and symptoms check list . The results showed the interaction between Neurotism , Extraversion , conscientiousness mediated the relationship of perceived stress with anxiety, depression and physical symptoms . Objective stress influenced by perceived stress that emphasized on importance of subjectivity of stress. Findings showed simultaneous interaction these factors (low Neurotism , high Extraversion , high conscientiousness ) leads to a reduction in the effects of stress .
Jahangir Kashefi Neyshaburi, Narges Zamani, Mohammad Darvishi,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (3-2014)
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Impulse Control Training on Impulsiveness and Anxiety and Depressions sisters of children with childhood onset fluency disorders: by using a single case design.
Three consecutive chronic outpatients fulfilling DSM-5 and criteria for Impulsiveness were treated according to Core treatment manual of Impulse. Patients were assessed with a battery of measures,
Including the Barrat impulsivity scale (BIS), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).
The treatment was associated with large reductions in the specific measures of Impuls (BIS), reductions in general measures of anxiety (BAI), depression (BDI-II).
The results of Effect of Impulse Control Training on Impulsiveness and Anxiety and Depressions sisters of children with childhood onset fluency disorders. Although this study is limited by the absence of a control group, these results clearly imply strong and generalized results for Impulse therapy. The treatment appears therefore promising, although a controlled evaluation of its effectiveness is necessary to draw a definitive conclusion.
Mohsen Amiri, Mohammad Hosein Abdollahi, Mahnaz Shahgholian, Gholamreza Sarami,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (11-2015)
Abstract
Given the high prevalence of social anxiety and its importance in people under 18 year, The main objective of this study was to investigate the role of alexithymia mediated into the relationship between maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and social anxiety. In this study, 180 high school female students who were selected using Multi stage cluster sampling, formed the research sample. Participants completed a questionnaire Connor social anxiety(Spin), cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire and Toronto-20 Alexithymia Scale. The results showed that adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, Respectively, had positive and negative correlations with social anxiety. Alexithymia had also positively correlated with social anxiety. Results of regression analysis showed that alexithymia can be have a mediator role in relationship between maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and social anxiety. According to the results, it appears that maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, mediated by alexithymia, can better predict the social anxiety.
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Volume 9, Issue 3 (12-2015)
Abstract
Increasing pressure of stressors along with anxietyand depression reduce the human being’s ability todeal with simple issues of life. Women who are oftenfacingwith stressful situations are more fragile andvulnerable than men. The purpose of the present studywas to investigate the effect of Sahaja-Yogamindfulness exercises on reducing stress, anxiety anddepression in women with Stress, anxiety anddepression disorders. The Research design was Pretest
Post-test without control group. The statisticalpopulation of this research included 700 women who
went to Tehran’s Shahid Shirin health center. Basedon the purpose of the study, 20 women were selectedby the convenience sampling method. Theyweretrained in 12 two-hour sessions which lasted 3months. For the pre-test, post-test and the 3-monthfollow-up, depression, anxiety and stress scale wasused to collectdata. Analysis of variance withrepeated measures and t- test were used to analyze thecollected data. The results indicated that there wasasignificantdifference between the pre-test and posttestin terms of the reduction of stress, anxiety anddepression (p<0.01). The same results were obtainedafter a 3-month follow-up (p<0.01). So it seems thatthe Sahaja Yoga mindfulness exercise program, as asupplementary intervention, along with other commontreatments can be useful for treating emotionaproblems of individuals, especially women.
Zohreh Khosravi, Parvin Rahmatinejad, Fatemeh Shahisadrabadi,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2016)
Abstract
The goal of this research was to compare the intimacy and interpersonal experience anger in people with obsessive-compulsive, anxiety and normal group. The sample of the study included 90 Participants (30 patients with obsessive–Compulsive disorder, 30 patients with generalized anxiety disorder, and 30 normal subjects) that were selected by convenience sampling. Participants completed Multidimensional Anger Inventory (MAI), Quality of relationship inventory (QRI) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The analysis of the data showed, in the quality of intimate relationships the average of the participants' scores only had significant difference in subscale in social support. The average of social support in individual with generalized anxiety was different with the normal group. The average of the GAD group was more than normal group in total scale of anger. Both clinical group had more scores of normal group in arousal and experience inner anger was more in OCD group. The results revealed the some similar aspects of disorders that can be useful in pathological and treatment of disorders.
Vahideh Salehmirhassani, Nima Ghorbani, Ahmad Alipour, Valiolah Farzad,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (11-2016)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-knowledge process (integrative self-knowledge and mindfulness) and self control in regulating of relationship between perceived and objective stress and anxiety, depression, and physical symptoms. 217 firefighters were selected by simple stratified sampling from 22 stations. They responded to integrative self-knowledge (Ghorbani et al.,2008), mindfulness (Brown & Ryan.,2003), self control (Tangeny et al.,2004) perceived stress (Cohen et al., 1983) objective stress (made in this research), anxiety and depression(Costello & Comrey.,1967) scals and symptoms check list(Bartone.,1995). The results showed the interaction between integrative self- knowledge and self control has the most role in regulating the relationship between perceived stress and anxiety, depression and physical symptoms. Objective stress influenced by perceived stress that emphasized on importance of subjectivity of stress.Finally, Findings indicate the mediating role of self-knowledge process in relationship between stress and anxiety, depression, and physical symptoms.
Mr Milad Sabzehara Langaroudi, Dr Nader Hajloo, Dr Sajjad Basharpour, Dr Abbas Abolghasemi,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (2-2017)
Abstract
This research examine the relationship between death anxiety with extrinsic aspirations in two studies. First study is descriptive and correlational. 457 students were selected by convenience sampling method and completed the death anxiety scale and aspiration index. Second study conducted in an experimental method with 2 Group, Post-test Comparison. Participants were 104 students selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups and with using the task of called death thoughts and the aspiration index tested the effect of mortality salience on extrinsic aspirations among them. In the first study with using the Pearson correlation coefficient a significant positive association were observed between attractiveness with death anxiety and its subscales. The results of MANOVA in the second study showed that mortality salience decreased importance of extrinsic aspirations in the experimental group in comparison with the control group. Also, the effectiveness of mortality salience on attractiveness was significant. The results in accordance with the principles of humanist and existential views and Self-Determination Theory and Terror Management Theory emphasize to awakening role of death awareness on the avoiding of pursuit of non-authentic life style (pursuit of unhealthy aspirations).
Mohammad Khabiri, Ali Moghadam Zadeh, Amirhossain Mehrsafar, Hamideh Abrisham-Kar,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (5-2017)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation and mental imagery-based relaxation on psychophysiological responses of competitive anxiety (cortisol levels) and self-confidence in elite athletes. For this purpose, 36 of elite Wushu athletes selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. In the pre-test (first competition) competitive anxiety and self-confidence as well as salivary cortisol were measured in all three groups. In experimental groups, relaxation techniques was trained for 4 weeks. Data with univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were analyzed. The results showed that progressive muscle relaxation was more effective than mental imagery-based relaxation in decreasing saliva cortisol and somatic anxiety. Also, mental imagery-based relaxation was more effective on the cognitive anxiety rather than progressive muscle relaxation. In addition, self-confidence was increased after mental imagery-based relaxation. In general, it could be concluded that different types of relaxation training was an effective strategy to reduce psychophysiological responses of competitive anxiety and improve self-confidence.
Sogand Ghasemzadeh, Minoo Matbou Riahi, Zahra Alavi, Mitra Hasanzadeh,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (2-2018)
Abstract
Separation anxiety is a kind of disorder that has a direct relationship with parenting style. Family based intervention and play therapy is a comprehensive program including training sessions for parents which focus on improving interpersonal relationships
, establishing a healthy and positive interaction in the family
, controlling family anger, investigating communication barriers in marital relationships, educating children and providing play therapy for children. Objective of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of family based intervention and play therapy in parenting style and stress of mothers and clinical symptoms of children with separation anxiety disorder. Present research is a semi-experimental study in which there were two groups of 14 subjects along with pre-test and post-test. Statistical population of the present study included all clients of a counseling centers in Tehran city who has been diagnosed with separation anxiety disorder. Therefore, to select some samples, availability sampling method was used. Analysis of the research data with multivariate covariance analysis method showed that there was a significant difference between the parenting style and stress of mothers and clinical symptoms of children with separation anxiety disorder in both experimental and control group. This intervention had a significant effect on the parenting style of mothers and the reduction of parenting stress and it also reduced clinical symptoms in children with separation anxiety disorder.
Mehri Mowlaie, Nader Hajloo, Goodarz Sadeghi Hashjin, Niloofar Mikaeili, Shima Heidari,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2018)
Abstract
Separation anxiety disorder has high prevalence and lead to demolishing effects on quality of life, the aim of the present research was to examine the confirmatory factor analysis of adult separation anxiety disorder questionnaire in Iranian university students. Among three hundred and ten students, 180 males and 130 females were selected by convenient sampling method and responded to adult separation anxiety disorder questionnaire and depression, anxiety and stress scale. The results of the present research showed that factor analysis using principle component method lead to extract 5 factors of ASA-27. Factors included: separation anxiety, worry about significant others, sleep disturbances, talking a lot, worry about hurting significant others. Reliability of the questionnaire via Cronbach's alpha was 0/88 and correlations between scores of test-retest were 0/64 that indicates high reliability. The result of the present research showed that Persian version of adult separation anxiety disorder and its 5 subscales has desirable reliability in university samples and is appropriate tool for screening this disorder.
Tohid Ranjbari, Elahe Hafezi, Abolfazl Mohamadi, Farzane Ranjbar Shirazi, Fatima Ghafari,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2018)
Abstract
Recently, clinical studies consider a different picture of obsessive-compulsive disorder. An image that similar to addictive behaviors in people with substance use disorder. The aim of the present study was to compare the anxiety, worry and intolerance of uncertainty among people with obsessive-compulsive disorder and substance use with normal people. It is a case control study . For this purpose, 120 people with obsessive compulsive disorder and 120 substance use disorder were selected through target sampling. Also, for comparison with two clinical sampling groups 120 people were selected from the normal population. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Pennsylvania Worry Questionary (PSWQ) and Intolerance of Uncertainly Scale (IUS) were divided between three groups.The results showed that there was a significant difference between the scores of clinical groups and normal people in anxiety, worry and intolerance of uncertainly variables. However, there was no significant difference between obsessive-compulsive and substance use disorders. In general, according to the findings of this study and the similarity of people with obsessive-compulsive and substance use disorders, it is necessary to study the meta-diagnostic components in both of these disorders in order to prevent them.
Davood Taghvaei, Mohammad Mehdi Jahangiri, Mahsa Bayat,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (11-2018)
Abstract
Organ donation is giving an organ to someone else who needs a transplant. The purpose of this study was to compare personality traits, spiritual intelligence and death anxiety in people with organ donation card and those without it. The research plan is causal-comparative. Using Snowball Sampling method, 148 donors selected as the standard group and 150were selected as peer group according to the criteria of the study using a convenience sampling method. Data were gathered using NEO Personality Inventory, spiritual intelligence, and Templar death anxiety questionnaire. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance and logistic regression. Results showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in personality traits, spiritual intelligence and death anxiety. Among the components of personality traits, persons with a donation card received higher score in the component of the agreeableness. They also received higher scores in spiritual intelligence. In contrast, the persons without the donation card received higher scores in the death anxiety. According to the research findings and considering psychological factors, we cannot only encourage people to register for a donation card, but also we can decrease the number of people who would like to annul or cancel their organ donation card.
Batool Ahadi, Fatemeh Moradi,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (11-2018)
Abstract
Intolerance of uncertainty is a kind of cognitive bias that affects how an individual receives, interprets and reacts to an uncertain situation in the emotional, cognitive and behavioral levels. The purpose of present study was to determine the various factors that influenced the intolerance of uncertainty by using the meta-analysis method and integrating the results of previous research. By using Articles in scientific journals, all the preceding studies conducted across the country during the years 2010-2017 collected and investigated. Eventually 12 eligible studies in the field of intolerance of uncertainty with acceptable methodology including sampling methods and proper statistical validity and reliability and appropriate questionnaires selected. The research tool was the meta-analysis checklist. For this purpose, the researches, which were methodologically accepted, were selected and meta-analyzed. Homogeneous assumptions and emission errors investigated. The coefficient of effect size was evaluated using CMA-2 software. results showed that metacognitive beliefs had the highest effect size, and after that, the highest effects size were related to stress, inability to take action, and negative repeated thoughts, although the effect size of behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation was not statistically significant. Therefore, attention to these variables can help to formulate and improve the therapeutic interventions related to intolerance of uncertainty.
Mojgan Agah Herris, Nahid Ramezani, Iman Rafie Manzelat,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (11-2018)
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic and inflammatory disease that psychological factors could cause or maintain it. The objective of this study was to compare personality traits and perceived anxiety control among individuals with and without psoriasis. Applying a causal-comparative research design, and using convenient sampling method, 260 participants were selected and assigned into two groups (with and without psoriasis). All of them completed the demographic information and NEO Personality Inventory and perceived anxiety control questionnaire. Findings revealed that individuals with psoriasis get the lower score in openness to experiences in comparison to individuals without psoriasis (p<0.05).But, there were no significant differences between two groups in regard to four other personality characteristics. In addition, Individuals without psoriasis got higher scores in the perceived anxiety control and it subscales in comparison to the control group. In according to these findings, having biases in perceiving anxiety control and openness to experience can be a crucial factor in the formation or maintenance of psoriasis.
Farzaneh Malekpour, Sayad Ali Marashi, Kiumars Beshlideh,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (11-2018)
Abstract
Migraine headache is one of the most common forms of pain and due to its frequency, it is one of the most important types of headache.The purpose of this study was to identify the precedents and consequences of migraine headaches in a non-clinical population. We selected a set of 310 students as our samples by the use of multi-stage stratified random sampling. We collected Data using questionnaires Migraine Screen, Depression Anxiety Stress, State-Trait Anger Expression, Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, Fatigue severity scale and Quality of life scale. The results showed that all the coefficients of direct paths between the research variables were statistically significant. On the other hand, based on the results of the study, the indirect relation of anger, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anxiety with the quality of life, depression, and fatigue were significant through migraine mediation. In addition, the relationship between obsessive beliefs, and migraine mediated by obsessive-compulsive disorder. The findings of this study provide a useful framework for identifying the factors affecting the onset of migraine headaches and its consequences.
Javad Karimi, Atefe Homayouni, Fereshteh Homayouni,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (2-2019)
Abstract
Hypochondriasis or health anxiety disorder is characterized by abundant anxiety and fear about having a serious illness. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance with health anxiety. The population included all students of Malayer University, from whom 388 students (138 males and 250 females) were selected through convenient sampling method. Data were gathered using Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI-3), acceptance and action questionnaire, and Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis (stepwise method). Pearson correlation analysis results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between dimensions of anxiety Sensitivity and experiential avoidance with health anxiety. Moreover, Multiple regression analysis results revealed that anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance were able to predict health anxiety, respectively.These variables can predict 24 percentages of the total variance of health anxiety. Based on these findings, anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance are capable to predict health anxiety. It could be concluded that reducing anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance could be one of the main mechanism for reducing the health anxiety.
Mahnaz Sharifain, Majid Saffarinia, Susan Alizadeh Fard,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (2-2019)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the structural model of the relationship between marital adjustment, sexual self-disclosure and sexual anxiety in vaginismus disorder by mediating social exchange styles. Population was composed of all women who referred to sexual disorder treatmernt centers in Tehran. Sample consisted of 220 women with vaginismus disorder. The research tool included marital adjustment scale, sexual anxiety questionnaires, sexual self-disclosure scale, multidimensional vaginal penetration disorder questionnaire and social exchange questionnaire.The results of structural equation modeling showed a rather good fit for the model. In addition, the results showed that all paths between the variables were statistically significant. According to the results, the indirect relationship of sexual self- disclosure, marital adjustment and sexual anxiety through mediation of social exchange styles was not statistically significant. However, marital adjustment and sexual anxiety directly predict the severity of vaginismus disorder, but thire indirect effects through social exchange styles on vaginismus was not significiant. Therefore, sexual anxiety and marital adjustment are important components in predicting vaginismus disorder and should be considered as one of the main goals of treatment in women with vaginismus disorder.
Himan Naderzadeh, Mahdea Salehy, Marjan Jafariroshan, Roya Kochakentazar,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
Clinical and epidemiological studies have proved the role of cognitive processes in the formation and continuity of social anxiety. This study aimed to predict the social anxiety symptoms among adolescents based on the early maladaptive schemas and cognitive distortions. Population included all junior high-school students in Marivan city and among whom 400 students (200 males and 200 females) were selected as samples. To select sample size, the researcher referred to the selected high schools and distributed Connor’s social phobia index questionnaire among students who were suspicious of suffering from social anxiety (diagnosed by schools consultants and consistent with symptoms indicated in DSM-V). Upon the completion of the questionnaire, the students with confirmed social anxiety disorder were randomly selected as the sampling of the study. Data were gathered using social anxiety questionnaire, early maladaptive schemas questionnaire (short form) and cognitive distortions questionnaire. The collected data analyzed using Structural Equation Model. The results showed the structural model was fit. Five areas of the early maladaptive schemas (disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy and performance, impaired limits, directedness, over-vigilance, and inhibition) can predict 63% of social anxiety. There was a direct and significant correlation between the variables of the early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety. Bootstrapping analysis revealed cognitive distortions served as a mediator between the early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety symptoms. The results of this study supported the role of the early maladaptive schemas as a vulnerability factor in social anxiety and the role of cognitive distortions as a linking mechanism between the early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety.
Amir Nabizadeh, Mehran Farhadi, Khosro Rashid, Rasoul Kordnoghabi,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the neutralization of tactical defenses in Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) on Defensive Styles, Anxiety, and Fear of Intimacy. In fact, the purpose of this research that distinguishes it from the few studies in the Psychotherapy field is to study the structure of the conflict triangle (feeling, anxiety and defense) with an emphasis on interpersonal defenses. The method of this research was quasi-experimental (pre-test and post-test with control group). Population of this study was all students from Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamedan (dormitories-central site) in the years 2017-2018. Twenty-six of them selected by voluntarily accessible sampling (non-randomized and random replacement sampling) in both experimental and control groups. Data of the research were collected by defense styles questionnaires, state- trait anxiety and fear of intimacy. Clients in the experimental group received each of the interventions (Questioning technique, Pressure, and challenge of the therapeutic protocol ISTDP) during 10 sessions in 45 minutes. Control group received no intervention. Results indicated that the neutralization of tactical defenses reduces the use of immature and neurotic defensive styles, and state and trait anxiety. However, treatment was not effective for increasing the use of mature defensive style and reducing fear of intimacy. The results of this study indicate that the removal of tactical or external defenses that rooted in fear of re-failure in the intimacy and emotional closeness can be effective in reducing interpersonal and interpersonal tensions. In addition, this kind of intervention could change some kind of defensive styles.
