Showing 418 results for Type of Study: Research
Ali Mohammad Nazari, Sajad Aminimanesh, Ali Shahini,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (12-2013)
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate and compare the family structure, parental monitoring and affiliation with delinquent peers among the male delinquent and non-delinquent adolescents. It has also considered the interactions between these factors. In this Cross-sectional study, 96 delinquent adolescents and 91 non-delinquent adolescents, chosen through a convenient sampling in Tehran, completed family structure, parental monitoring and affiliation with delinquent peers questionnaires. Data was analyzed using independent sample T-test, Chi square test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Given the results of the independent sample T-test, the two groups were significantly different in terms of parental monitoring and affiliation with delinquent peers. Using Chi square test, the findings revealed that there was a significant difference between the delinquent and non-delinquent adolescents in terms of family structure. Moreover, adolescents in broken families in comparison to the adolescents in intact families reported less monitoring by their parents .The results obtained from the current study were in line with the results of the previous research and showed that distress in family structure, that weak parental monitoring and that affiliation with delinquent peers had a significant role in the delinquency phenomenon. Therefore, it seems necessary to consider these factors as the influential factors promoting delinquency.
H, Ghaedi Far, M. S, Abdkhodai, H. R, Aghamohammadian Sherbaf,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (12-2013)
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the moderator role of sense of coherence in the relationship between attachment style and self-regulation in students. The current study is of descriptive correlational design. The statistical population of this study was 1319 females of the second and third grade students of high school at Kazeroon in 1390-1391 academic year. 255 of them were chosen through relative stratified sampling. Adult attachment questionnair's hazan & shaver, Self-Regulation Questionnaire, Flensburg’s Sense of coherence scale, were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, one way analysis of variance, Multiple Regression analysis, and path analysis by SPSS 16 and Liseral softwares. The results showed a direct significant relationship between secure attachment style and self-regulation and sense of coherence. Final results showed a significant negative relationship between ambivalent attachment style and sense of coherence and self-regulation.
M Ahmadi Tahour Soltani, R, Kormi Neia, H, Ahadi, A. R, Moradi,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (12-2013)
Abstract
The aim of the this research was to present a causal model for explaining hope through using Structural Equation Modeling in a sample of Iranian University students. Therefore, a sample of 379 students were selected via multiple stage sampling method from Hamadan university and they responded to Sympson's Hope Scale, Sherer self-efficacy scale, adult attachment style scale, multidimensional perceived social support, life regard index (Meaningful life) and goal orientation questionnaire. Before fitting the basic model, psychometric properties of the tools were investigated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. In the designed model, attachment styles, Meaningful life and social support were considered as the exogenous latent variables (independent variables), self-efficacy and mastery goal orientation as the mediator latent variables, and hope as the endogenous latent variable (dependent variable). Results indicated that theoretical model was fit with the data. Also the results showed that the social support and Meaningful life were directly and indirectly, and secure attachment was directly in a significant relationship with the hope. Furthermore, avoidance attachment was directly in a significant relationship with the hope through self-efficacy mediator variable. All the variables proposed to explain the hope could explain 0.46 percent of its variance.
M, Andalib Kourayem, M. M, Alilu,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (12-2013)
Abstract
The current study has been carried out for the prediction of hypochondriasis on the basis of personality trait. To do so, through the availability sampling method, 234 individuals visiting the health centers of Tehran’s Municipality were selected. In this study, Ahwaz Hypochondriasis Test and NEO Personality inventory were used for the data collection. The results indicated that hypochondriasis had a significant positive correlation with the neuroticism, and that it had a significant negative correlation with the two variables, i.e. compatibility and extroversion. Further, hypochondriasis had no significant correlation with the conscientiousness and flexibility. The regression analysis showed that personality traits could predict hypochondriasis. However, only neuroticism and compatibility had significant role in the prediction of hypochondriasis.
M, Sadrosadatzadeh, M. N. Farahani, A, Kiamanesh, V, Ramezani,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (12-2013)
Abstract
The aim of this research is to study the effect of nose cosmetic surgery on girls’ self-esteem and body image. Twenty two nose cosmetic surgery candidates and twenty two others as control group participated in this study. They were chosen by available sampling method. They answered to the multi-dimensional questionnaire regarding relation between self and their body and to the Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire. The nose cosmetic surgery candidates and control group responded to our questionnaires at two stages, respectively. Results showed that, two ‘self-esteem’ and ‘body image’ variables did not show significant change before and after the surgery. But one of the minor scale factors (satisfaction of parts of the body) was seen to be related to the self-esteem.
M, Amani, E, Shiri, M, Valipoor, V, Shiri,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (12-2013)
Abstract
Present research studied the role of anxiety sensitivity and cognitive emotion regulation in the anxiety and depression. At first, of 300 individuals who were volunteer to participate in the study, on basis of their score on the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, 41 individuals who had one standard deviation above the mean in DASS depression component were put in the depressed group, 52 individuals who had one standard deviation above the mean in DASS anxiety component were put in the anxious group, and 60 individuals who had not high scores were casually put in the normal group. Then they completedanxiety sensitivity index andshort form ofcognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and stepwise discriminant analysis. Results showed that for the classification of the individuals in each group, anxiety sensitivity, positive reappraisal, positive refocusing, catastrophication, self-blame and others blaming had significant predicting contribution. The anxiety sensitivity was the strongest predicting variable for the membership of the individuals in the groups. In sum, 59.5% of the individuals have been placed correctly in the groups. These results showed that anxiety sensitivity and cognitive emotion regulation ,as two important factors, had important role in psychopathology of depression and anxiety and so special focus should be put on them at the time of psychotherapy.
M. S. Sajadinjad, Sh, Haghjoy Javanmard, H, Molavi, K, Asgari, P, Adibi,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (12-2013)
Abstract
The aim of this study was the comparison of the effects of cognitive-behavioral stress management, optimism training and medical therapy on the UC patients’ psychological and somatic symptoms, and immunological markers. 30 female patients were selected through the availability sampling method, and were randomly put in the three groups of cognitive-behavioral stress management, optimism training and medical therapy. All patients completed Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Lichtiger Colitis Activity Index in the pretest stage and blood samples were taken from them. Then, the two experimental groups participated in 9 sessions of the group intervention of cognitive-behavioral stress management and optimism training following that the three groups completed the scales again and again blood samples were taken from them and this was repeated in a 6-months follow-up. To analyze the data, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used. The findings of the study indicated that the effects of the two interventions on depression, anxiety, cortisol and TNF&alpha were significant however, these interventions had no significant effects on the somatic symptoms, IL6 and IL4. As a whole, it can be said that the psychological interventions including stress management and optimism training could be effective in improving the psychological symptoms, regulating the immunological performance and curing of UC patients.
M, Firoozi, A, Mehri, A, Kamari, M, Shahgholian,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (12-2013)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was examination of emotional problems and coping styles in children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and compared with healthy children. Fifty-five children hospitalized at Children's Hospital in the Cancer and Blood Ward and frothy-five healthy children who referred to vaccination were participated in this study. Participants were compared to each other in the “Evaluation of the Child Drawing: Hospital Manual” and “Koppitz’s Emotional Indicators” in the drawing injection picture. Results showed a significant difference between cancer and healthy children in all subscales of Evaluation of the Child Drawing: Hospital Manual. Furthermore, participants in both groups were compared in Koppitz’s Emotional Indicators. Differences between the groups in the use of black color, small paint, shaded face, body, hands and unusual images were significant. Results showed that children with Leukemia were more use of avoidance strategies while healthy children applied approaching strategies. In addition, based on Koppitz’s indicators, children with Leukemia were demonstrated more emotional problems. These findings help to health providers to design clinical interventions for children with cancer
S, Hosseini, M. N. Farahani, B, Rashidi,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2014)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and contribution of infertility stress, coping styles with stress, personality traits and social support in the marital adjustment of infertile women. In this study,causal comparative or "exposit facto" research method was used. Population of the study included 201 women who were selected through availability sampling method from those visiting VALI-e-ASR Reproductive Health Research Center. Research tools of the study included the Gadroon's Big Five Factor, The Fertility Problem Inventory, Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations. In order to analyze the data, Pearson Correlation and Stepwise Regression analysis were used. The results indicated that there were significant relationships between the variables of this study. It was also revealed that social concern, important others, extroversion, emotional coping style, need for parenthood and sexual concern were suitable predictors of the marital adjustment. In sum, the results of the study put an emphasis on the importance of the psychological-Social factors in marital adjustment.
K, Mirzaie, M. H. Abdollahi, M, Shahgholian,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2014)
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the relationship between metacognitive beliefs, social anxiety and shyness considering the mediating role of emotion regulation. 700 high school students completed the Stanford Shyness and Social Anxiety questionnaires. According to the extreme scores in the scales, 110 subjects were selected as shy individuals and 46 subjects were selected as individuals with the social anxiety disorder. To distinguish the shy people with/without symptoms of social anxiety, the SPIN were performed on shy sample again and based on the extreme scores, there were 45 subjects with social anxiety symptoms and 60 subjects without social anxiety symptoms. 43 subjects in all three groups completed Emotion Regulation and Metacognitive Beliefs questionnaires. The results showed significant relationship between metacognitive beliefs, emotion regulationstrategies and social anxiety and shyness with/without symptoms of social anxiety. There was a significant relationship between metacognitive beliefs and suppression in social anxiety sample and between metacognitive beliefs and cognitive reappraisal in the shy group with symptoms but there was no significant relationship in shy group without symptoms. Regression analysis showed that some components if metacognitive beliefs including negative beliefs and thought control through suppression could predict the social anxiety better and those components of positive belief and cognitive assurance through cognitive reappraisal could predict the shyness with the symptoms of social anxiety. The results showed that the metacognitive beliefs could predict the shyness without the symptoms of anxiety through the mediation of emotion regulation.
M, Aliakbari Dehkurdi, A, Alipour, H, Zare, Gh, Shahidi, Z, Barghi Irani,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2014)
Abstract
The present study was intended to study the effectiveness of Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in the quality of life in the older people suffering from Parkinson disease. The methodology of the study was a semi- experimental with pre- test and post- test design along with a control group selected from the population of old people suffering from Parkinson disease. Sample of the study included 40 individuals who were selected by availability sampling method then they were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent the CBTO treatment for 10 sessions. Research tools of the study included demographic questionnaire and quality of life scale, prepared by WHO, that were administered in two stages, i.e. pre-test and post- test. Research findings showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy had an effect on the quality of life including physical health, psychological health, and social relations, but no significant difference was seen in the dimension of the life environment. Thus, it was concluded that it was necessary to make efforts to enhance the quality of life for the old people suffering from Parkinson disease and that CBTO treatment may cause the improvement of the quality of life in patients with Parkinson disease. Therefore, this method may be employed in the hospitals and asylums as a complementary treatment. Consequently, it is recommended to present cognitive- Behavioral Therapy (CBT) along with other medical interventions as a part of treatment and medical care for the patients suffering from Parkinson disease.
M, Akbarzadeh, J, Hatami, R, Rostami, Z, Salehi,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2014)
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the executive functions in two groups of individuals with opioid-dependent, amphetamine- dependent and to compare them with the executive functions in the individuals of the control group. Executive functions were investigated in 4 sub-scales including working memory sustain attention, inhibitory control and planning. To do so, 90 participants were selected via simple nonrandom or convenience sampling. Of these participants, 30 individuals were opioid-dependent, 30 individuals were amphetamine dependent and 30 individuals were healthy. Subjects of the study were evaluated using color-word Stroop, Wisconsin card sorting, continuous performance and digit span sub-scale test. The results of one way analysis of variance indicated significant deficits in amphetamine dependent group in 4 sub-scales of executive functions, but opioid dependent individuals had deficits in inhibitory control and planning compared to the control group. As a result, there were more deficits in the executive functions of amphetamine group in comparison to the opioid-dependent and control group. There were fewer deficits in the opioid-dependent group in comparison to the Amphetamine- dependent group.
S, Safari, M, Jadidi, S, Jamali, S, Faramarzi, M, Jadidi,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2014)
Abstract
Purpose of the present study was to compare the hypochondria and the mental health of the mothers of children with the special needs and the mothers of normal children in Isfahan. It was a descriptive causative-comparison study and by using convenience sampling method, 90 mothers of disabled children (30 children with Down syndrome, 30 with autism and 30 with cerebral palsy) from the rehabilitation centers in the north of Isfahan were selected as the experimental group and by multistage random sampling method, 30 mothers of normal children of primary schools in Isfahan were selected as the control group. Ahwaz Hypo-chondriasis Test and Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire were applied to assess the participants' status and the gathered data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Results revealed that, in general, there was a meaningful difference between the mothers of children with special needs and the mothers of normal children in terms of hypochondria and mental health. Moreover, paired comparisons indicated that there was a significant difference between the mothers of disabled and normal children in terms of the mental health. Furthermore, in comparison to the mothers of normal children, there was a significant difference between the mothers of children with cerebral palsy and autism in terms of hypochondria however, there was no significant difference between the mothers of children with Down syndrome and the mothers of normal children in this term. According to the findings of this research, stresses resulting from having disabled children could endanger the mothers' mental and physical health and the specialists should consider this issue when they deal with such families.
Z, Aliakbarzade Arani, M, Khari Arani, A, Hajbagheri, F, Aliakbarzade Arani,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2014)
Abstract
Mentally retarded children impose an extra stress on their parents especially on their mothers. Coping skills can be used by the parents to relieve the stress and to improve the adaptation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of training on the social adaptation of educable mentally-retarded children’s mothers based on Roy adaptation theory. This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 40 mothers whose educable mentally retarded children went to the exceptional school in Aran and Bidgol during 2010-2011. Intervention consisted of four two-hour sessions, supplemented by a 30 minute conversation between the interviewer and the candidate within 2 weeks. Coping skills program was based on the dimensions of Roy theory. Adaptation questionnaire was completed before and 6 weeks after the completion of intervention by the participants. The mean scores of mothers’ social adaptation had significant difference before and after the training in physiological, self-concept, dependence/independence, role-playing dimensions and total social adaptation. According to the results of the study, the training based on the Roy theory had a positive effect on the social adaptation of mentally retarded children’s mothers.
Sajjad Basharpoor,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2014)
Abstract
Given the importance of the self-compassion construct as a criterion for mental well-being, this research was conducted in order to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of Self Compassion Scale. All students of Urmia Islamic Azad University in the academic 2010-2011 year were considered as the population of the study. Of this population, 220 students (99 males and 121 females) were selected randomly to participate in the study. The subjects responded individually to the self-compassion and beck depression questionnaires and big five personality scale at their classrooms. The collected data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test, independent t-test, and exploratory factor analysis. The results of the exploratory factor analysis revealed six factors with a value of higher than 1 that could were explain 63/47 % of the variance together. Indexes of the fitness of the confirmatory factor analysis model also confirmed six factor model of this scale. Results of the Pearson correlation showed negative relationship between the self-compassion, depression and personality traits, especially neuroticism. Alpha cronbach coefficients for the subscales and the total score of the scale were obtained in the range of 0/65 -0/92. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the self-compassion scale enjoyed a quite well validity and reliability to be used in university student populations.
Mohammad Mehadi Mazaheri, Gholam Reza, Manshaee, Rosa, Shahraki,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (6-2014)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the path analysis model of relations between Alexithymia, family function, and quality of life among high school students of Tehran. The research method was descriptive from causal non-experimental type. The research population included all students of Tehran and of this population 384 subjects were selected by simple cluster sampling method. To gather the data, Alexithymia Toronto Scale, Family Functions Questionnaire, and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale were used. The data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using mean, standard deviation, multivariate regression, and path analysis. The results showed that family function and alexithymia could predict the students’ quality of life. Likewise, good fit indices in path analysis model showed that Alexithymia had a mediator role in the relationship between family function and quality of life. Therefore, it could be concluded that family function had a main role in generating the Alexithymia in students and that Alexithymia could be an important factor in decreasing the quality of life.
Mohammad, Ahangarcani, Shahriar, Shahidi, Saman, Kamari,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (6-2014)
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the family efficacy and the forgiveness in the family and the spirituality in male and female married individuals. A correlational method was employed and the following tools were used: The Family Assessment Device, The Family Forgiveness Scale and the Spiritual Strengths and Attitudes Scale. The sample included 200 individuals who were chosen on the basis of the availability in the City of Tehran. Results of the statistical analyses showed that there was a significant and positive correlation between the scores on the FAD and forgiveness in the family and spirituality, so that subscales of the FAD such as "overall family", "family roles" and"emotional involvement” accounted for the largest amount of variance in predicting the forgiveness and the overall score on FAD significantly predicted spirituality. It is concluded that forgiveness and spirituality as two important psychological constructs correlate significantly with the efficacy in the family.
Mohammad, Ebrahimi, Mohammad Sajjad, Sayadi, Fatemeh, Bagherian,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (6-2014)
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to study the role of spirituality in coping strategies and the mediating role of family communication in the relationship between the spiritually and copying strategies among the families. In order to examine the mediating role, 375 parents of the students in Kermanshah participated in the study. They were selected through multi cluster sampling method. Measurement tools of the study included Family Communication Scale (FCS), Sanctification of Marriage Scale, Sanctification of Parenting Scale, and Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales (F-COPES). To analyze the data, one way analysis of variance, correlation analysis and simultaneous regression analysis were used. Results showed that the families with high spirituality used the coping strategies including cognitive reframing, spiritual social support, and mobilizing the Family to acquire help more and the Passive Appraisal less than the families with low spirituality. Furthermore, through the mediating role of family communication, spirituality was directly or indirectly in relationship with the copying strategies. Finally, it can be conclude that through having appropriate communication and also through other effective factors the families with high spirituality can effectively cope with the internal and external family tensions.
Elaheh, Enayati, Morteza, Omidian, Ahmad, Abedi,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (6-2014)
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the effect of group emotional intelligence training on Training in junior Gifted Students’ Psychological Well-beingin the second area of Isfahan city. Research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design and follow-up testing with placebo and control group. Population of this study was the students of Imam Sadiq School in Isfahan who were admitted in this school based on specific measures including IQ and an entrance exam. A sample of 45 students was selected by simple random sampling. Then these subjects were put into three groups of fifteen: experimental group, placebo group and control group. In order to measure the main variables of the model, Baron’s emotional intelligence and Ryff’s psychological well-being were used. The pre-test was performed on the three groups and then the experimental group underwent eight 90-minute sessions. Following the intervention, the post-test was performed on the three groups and 2 months later the subjects were followed up. Then the data was analyzed by the analysis of covariance with repeated measures. Results of the covariance analysis with repeated measures showed that the emotional intelligence training could have an effect on increasing the psychological well-being and its components including self- acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, meaningful life and personal growth. It seems that introduction of courses with emotional intelligence contents in schools can be effective in mental health and psychological well-being of the students.
Farzad, Farhoodi, Reza, Rostami, Abas, Rrahiminezad, Mohsen, Amiri,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (6-2014)
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing in reducing the of Substance Users’ impulsivity who were under the Methadone Treatment. In a semi-experimental study, 40 methadone users of one of the addiction treatment centers in Yazd city were selected through availability sampling method and were then divided into two experimental and control group of twenty. In both groups two variables, age and economic satisfaction, were under control. In this research Barrat Impulsivity Scale was used to obtain the data. The experimental group underwent seven 90 minute sessions of motivational interviewing. Following the intervention, the two groups completed the above-mentioned scale as the post test. The post test revealed that motivational interviewing had an effect in reducing cognitive, motor impulsivity and non-planning in the subjects of the experimental group. Results of the study showed that motivational interviewing could significantly decrease cognitive, motor impulsivity and non-planning in experimental group in comparison to the control group.
