Showing 23 results for Schema
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Volume 9, Issue 4 (2-2016)
Abstract
This research has been developed with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of schema therapy and cognitive behavior therapy on the self-efficacy of lifestyle related to weight and weight loss .In order to achieve this goal, through a semi-experimental design with a pretest and a posttest , all female students of Bu Ali Sina university whose index of body mass was between 25 and 35 were interviewed ,and then 30 of them who had the criteria of participating in schema therapy and cognitive behavior therapy sessions were chosen as the available samples and then were put randomly into three groups (two experimental groups and a control group).The first group received schema therapy for 10 one-hour sessions, the second group received cognitive behavior therapy for 10 one-hour sessions and the third group as the control group received no intervention. The gathered data were analyzed through covariance analysis. The results showed that both schema therapy and cognitive behavior therapy had a positive effect on the improvement of the self-efficacy of lifestyle related to weight gain and weight loss. However, the efficacy of the schema therapy was more than the efficacy of the cognitive behavior therapy. Furthermore, no change occurred in the control group during the process of assessment. Generally, both schema therapy and cognitive behavior therapy had an effect on the increase of the sense of control over areas of lifestyle related to weight and weight control.
Jamileh Zarei, Reza Pour Hosein, Azam Tarafdari, Mojtaba Habibi Askar Abd, Maryam Babakhani,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2016)
Abstract
Purpose: there are several factors which mentioned in sexual health. In overall, biological, psychological and cultural factors effect on sexual health. The aim of this study was the investigation of predictive role of biological and psychological factors with the mediator role of cultural factors in sexual health. In this regard, direct and indirect effects of these variables were investigated to predict sexual health.
Method: the instruments of this study included ENRICH marital satisfaction questionnaire, Beck self-concept scale, Bem's gender schemas questionnaire, Sherer's self-efficacy questionnaire, Amz's Narcissistic personality inventory, quality of object relations inventory,Brief Index of Sexual Functioning for Women (BISF-W), and checklist of menopause symptoms, which performed on 307 women in Tehran between 1393-1394.
Findings: results suggest that cultural factors effect directly on sexual health. In addition, biological and psychological predict sexual health in direct and indirect (with the mediator role of cultural factors) way.
Conclusion: results show that this model is acceptable for explaining sexual health in menopausal women.
Mohammad-Naghi Farahani, Hamid Khanipour,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (2-2017)
Abstract
Resource congruent model of stress emphasized on the role of cultural schemas and also heterogeneity of coping styles. The aime of this study was to investigate factor structure of coping schema inventory (CSI) which was created based on resourch congruent model. We selected 1۰۴۶ Iranian student who speak in Persian, Kurdish, Lurish and gilaki languages by multistage cluster method. Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis have been used for assessing psychometric properties. Finding showd that a six factor solution was the best fitted by the pattern in data. These six factor model explained 38% variance of coping schemas inventory. Coping schemas which was identified by factor analysis were religious, situational, passive emotional, acceptance, social support and active emotional. Internal consistency (cronbaches alpha) were calculated 0/65-0/84 for subscales of CSI.It seemed in Iranian culrure coping schemas including situational, religious, passive emotions, social support, acceptance and active emotion was more available and also more usable than other coping schema including self-restructuring, meaning, and tensition reduction. This pattern of results was consisted with predictions of resource congruent model of coping with stress.
Himan Naderzadeh, Mahdea Salehy, Marjan Jafariroshan, Roya Kochakentazar,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
Clinical and epidemiological studies have proved the role of cognitive processes in the formation and continuity of social anxiety. This study aimed to predict the social anxiety symptoms among adolescents based on the early maladaptive schemas and cognitive distortions. Population included all junior high-school students in Marivan city and among whom 400 students (200 males and 200 females) were selected as samples. To select sample size, the researcher referred to the selected high schools and distributed Connor’s social phobia index questionnaire among students who were suspicious of suffering from social anxiety (diagnosed by schools consultants and consistent with symptoms indicated in DSM-V). Upon the completion of the questionnaire, the students with confirmed social anxiety disorder were randomly selected as the sampling of the study. Data were gathered using social anxiety questionnaire, early maladaptive schemas questionnaire (short form) and cognitive distortions questionnaire. The collected data analyzed using Structural Equation Model. The results showed the structural model was fit. Five areas of the early maladaptive schemas (disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy and performance, impaired limits, directedness, over-vigilance, and inhibition) can predict 63% of social anxiety. There was a direct and significant correlation between the variables of the early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety. Bootstrapping analysis revealed cognitive distortions served as a mediator between the early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety symptoms. The results of this study supported the role of the early maladaptive schemas as a vulnerability factor in social anxiety and the role of cognitive distortions as a linking mechanism between the early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety.
Kobra Ghasemi, Tahereh Elahi,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (12-2019)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of experiential avoidance in relationship of early maladaptive schemas with illness anxiety. The research was carried out using correlation method on 308 students of Qazvin University who were selected with convenience sampling method. Data were collected using Early maladaptive Scheme (Young), hypochondrias (Evans) and Acceptance and Action Questionnaires (Hayes). Results showed a significant role of schemas of impaired autonomy - performance and impaired limits domains in illness anxiety. Also, the role of vulnerability to harm or illness and entitlement/undeveloped schemas was significant predictor of illness anxiety. The results of hierarchical regression showed that the mediating role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between vulnerability to harm or illness and entitlement/ undeveloped schemas with illness anxiety severity was significant. It could be concluded the experiential avoidance and early maladaptive schemas were contributed in the maintenance of illness anxiety.
Ms Arefeh Ranjbar, Ms Maryam Janfada,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (2-2022)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of early maladaptive schemas and Stress Coping Strategies of mothers on the quality of life of children 1 to 6 years old during the COVID-19 Epidemic. The method of this study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study included all mothers with children aged 1 to 6 yearsThe sample consisted of 325 mothers who completed the questionnaires online. Data were collected using Early Maladaptive Scheme (YSQ- SF), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situation (Ciss), TNO-AZL Preschool Children Quality of Life Questionnaire (TAPQOL). Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of multiple regression. Results showed 32% of quality of life of children variance during COVID-19 Epidemic can be explained by early maladaptive schemas and Stress Coping Strategies of mothers.The results of regression analyses revealed that maladaptive schemas of Emotional deprivation, Abandonment, Social Isolation, Defectiveness / Shame, Dependence, Vulnerability to harm or illness, Enmeshment/underdeveloped self and Unrelenting standards of mothers predicts on the quality of life of children during the COVID-19 Epidemic.Thus , training of appropriate strategies for mothers to reduce the maladaptive schemas and to teach proper coping strategies For increase quality of life of children is essential.
Dr Abdolsamad Nikan, Ahmad Torabi, Zahra Mohseninasab, Asie Bahadori, Zeinab Javanmard, Masoome Hosinirad,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (6-2023)
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on stress, resilience, emotional regulation and psychological well-being of cardiovascular patients. The research method is practical in terms of purpose and semi-experimental in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research includes cardiovascular patients in Tehran in 1401. According to the nature of the study method, the size of the statistical sample was 30 people. The research tools are Connor and Davidson's resilience questionnaire, Rief's psychological well-being questionnaire, Cohen's perceived stress questionnaire and Garnevsky's emotion regulation questionnaire. It was found that schema therapy has been effective on the resilience of cardiovascular patients, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness has been effective on the stress of cardiovascular patients, schema therapy has been effective on emotional regulation of cardiovascular patients, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness has been effective on emotional regulation of patients Cardiovascular has been effective, schema therapy has been effective on the psychological well-being of cardiovascular patients, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness has been effective on the psychological well-being of cardiovascular patients; It was also found that schema therapy was more effective than cognitive therapy based on mindfulness.
Maryam Zareei, Dr Abdolmajid Bahrainian, Dr Qasem Ahi, Dr Ahmad Mansouri,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (12-2023)
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and schema therapy on mental rumination and social anxiety of women with practical obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The current research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all women with obsessive-compulsive disorder who referred to the counseling centers of Mashhad in 1402, based on the entry and exit criteria, 48 people were selected as a sample using the purposeful-available sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups. and a control group were assigned. Subjects were evaluated using Hoeksma and Maro (1991) rumination questionnaires and Wells' (1994) social anxiety questionnaires in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages. The results of mixed analysis of variance showed that the difference Significance between intervention groups with control in mental rumination and social anxiety of women with obsessive compulsive symptoms, the presence of medication, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and schema therapy has led to the reduction of mental rumination and social anxiety. Also, schema therapy is more effective than cognitive therapy based on mindfulness in mental rumination.
Maryam Zareii, Dr Abdolmajid Bahreinian, Dr Qasem Ahi, Dr Ahmad Mansouri,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (3-2024)
Abstract
The present study aimed to comparison the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and schema therapy on emotional regulation and distress tolerance of women with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The present research method was semi-experimental with pretest, posttest and follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all women with obsessive-compulsive disorder who referred to the counseling centers of Mashhad in 2023-2024. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 48 people were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The participants were evaluated using the emotion regulation questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003) and distress tolerance scale in the pretest, posttest and follow-up. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26 software and using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of and analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in emotion regulation and distress tolerance (P<0.05). Cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and schema therapy has led to improved emotion regulation and increased distress tolerance. Cognitive therapy based on mindfulness is more effective than schema therapy in improving emotion regulation.
Zohreh Ghanbari, Zahra Mohseninasab, Majid Taati, Mahsa Mohebiarya, Ahmad Torabi,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (3-2024)
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of schema therapy and stress reduction based on mindfulness on emotional dyslexia, self-control and psychological well-being in Tehran. This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test waiting list group design. The statistical population included all women affected by domestic violence who referred to Menda Ara Psychology Clinic in 1402. In this study, 45 eligible patients were selected and the participants were randomly divided into three groups: behavioral therapy counseling (15 people), mindfulness-based stress reduction group (15 people) and control group (15 people). Strategies methods and techniques were taught to the groups for 8 sessions of 90 minutes. The groups were asked to take the Toronto Ataxia Questionnaire; Answer Tanji's self-control questionnaire and Rif's psychological well-being questionnaire. The results of the research showed that the experimental group of schema therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction compared to the control group was able to more effectively change the scores of ataxia, self-control and psychological well-being at the level of P<0.001. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in reducing emotional dyslexia, and increasing self-control and psychological well-being. Conclusion: The results showed that the use of schema therapy approaches and stress reduction based on mindfulness increases the self-control and psychological well-being of women affected by domestic violence and reduces their emotional ataxia. Therefore, schema therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction approaches are recommended for women affected by domestic violence to increase self-control and psychological well-being and reduce emotional ataxia.
Abolfazl Moradi, Dr Mehran Azadi, Dr Zohreh Mosazadeh,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Abstract
| The present research aimed to model the structural equations of marital burnout based on early maladaptive schemas, marital expectations, and emotional information processing, with the mediating role of sexual self-concept in women seeking divorce in Shiraz. The present research was a correlational descriptive study of the structural equation modeling type. The statistical population of this research consisted of all women seeking divorce who were referred to family courts in the year 1402. From the statistical population, 320 individuals were selected using a multi-stage random sampling method. The research tools included the Pines Marital Burnout Questionnaire (1996), the Young Schema Questionnaire (2003), the Hope and Colleagues Marital Expectations Questionnaire (1389), the Baker Emotional Information Processing Questionnaire (2007), and the Snell Sexual Self-Concept Questionnaire (1995). The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results obtained from the direct relationships of the research variables indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between early maladaptive schemas, marital expectations, and emotional information processing with marital burnout. Additionally, early maladaptive schemas, marital expectations, and emotional information processing have a positive and significant indirect effect on marital burnout through sexual self-concept. Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that sexual self-concept, as a mediating variable, was able to explain the relationship between early maladaptive schemas, marital expectations, and emotional information processing. |
Dr. Mahdieh Rahmanian, Mrs. Sharareh Soltani, Dr. Mojgan Agahheris,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Abstract
This paper examined the effectiveness of integrated meta-diagnostic treatment on rumination, cognitive distortions and cognitive avoidance among women with depression. Women visited depression treatment centers in Abadan city in 1403 for depression treatment constituted the statistical population of the research. Due to the small size of the population and the limitation of the statistical population, the sampling method was purposeful. The total number of people eligible to enter this research was 30 which were randomly assigned into two groups of 15. The following standard questionnaires were used for collecting the necessary data: Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire by Sexton and Dagas (CAQ), Rumination Questionnaire by Nalan Hoeksma and Maro 1991, Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire by Abdullah Zadeh and Salar (1389), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) by Laibond and Laibond (1995) and integrated meta-diagnostic treatment protocol. SPSS 21 software was used to analyze the data. Indicators such as mean and standard deviation were determined. Univariate and multivariate covariance analysis were also used to check the hypothesizes. The findings showed that integrated trans-diagnostic treatment has an effect on rumination, cognitive distortions and cognitive avoidance among women with depression disorder. This effect has continued in the follow-up phase.
Hanieh Hatami, Nurallah Mohammadi, Habib Hadian Fard, Abdol Aziz Aflakseir,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Abstract
Past traumatic experiences with primary caregivers lead to the formation of cognitive and behavioral patterns that serve as styles of thinking and acting. These patterns are maladaptive strategies that disrupt emotional regulation. On the other hand, "corrective emotional experiences" in the approaches of schema therapy and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy help change dysfunctional patterns and regulate emotions in traumatized individuals. using a single-case study method. The study population included all individuals aged 18 to 40 in Tehran who, in 2023, volunteered to participate in the research following the project announcement. Finally, six individuals were selected through purposive sampling. Subsequently, the cognitive and behavioral emotion regulation questionnaires were administered to each individual at the baseline (2 to 4 times), intervention (3 times), and follow-up (1 time) stages. The results of visual and statistical analysis between the intervention and baseline conditions, including Cohen's d effect size, non-overlapping and overlapping data, changes in the median and mean, and absolute level changes,indicated the effectiveness of both treatments oncognitive and behavioral emotion regulation.However, schema therapy was more effective than intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy in improving emotion regulation.
Mahsa Rohani Otaghs Sara, Afsaneh Khajound Khoshli, Elnaz Pooaahmadi,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (6-2025)
Abstract
| The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy and compassion-focused therapy on marital conflicts and differentiation of self among women affected by marital infidelity. This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest-posttest design with two treatment groups, in which 40 affected women were randomly assigned to schema therapy and compassion-focused therapy groups. Data were collected using validated questionnaires on marital conflicts and differentiation of self, and analyzed through multivariate analysis of covariance. The results indicated that both therapeutic approaches significantly reduced marital conflicts and enhanced differentiation of self, with significant differences observed between the two groups. Schema therapy demonstrated greater effectiveness in improving specific dimensions of marital conflicts, whereas compassion-focused therapy showed stronger effects on dimensions of differentiation of self. These findings highlight the critical role of specialized psychotherapeutic interventions in restoring psychological well-being and improving the quality of marital relationships among women affected by infidelity. They also emphasize the importance of tailoring therapeutic approaches to the individual needs and characteristics of clients. Furthermore, the results provide a scientific basis for the integrative and targeted use of these two therapeutic approaches in counseling and psychotherapy centers. |
Asiyeh Malakdar, Dr Javanshir Asadi, Dr Arastoo Mirani,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (6-2025)
Abstract
| The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on reducing alexithymia in women with generalized anxiety disorder. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control groups. A purposive sample of 45 women diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder who referred to the Aramis Psychology Clinic in Shahr-e Rey was selected and randomly assigned into three groups: schema therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and control. The experimental groups underwent eight 90-minute intervention sessions. The Toronto Alexithymia Scale was used to measure alexithymia, and data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Results indicated that both therapeutic approaches significantly reduced alexithymia (p < 0.05); however, schema therapy demonstrated greater effectiveness in improving the components of emotion identification and description, as well as reducing externally oriented thinking. These findings support the beneficial role of both approaches in enhancing emotional regulation among individuals with generalized anxiety disorder and highlight the necessity of addressing emotional dimensions in psychological treatments. It is recommended that the choice of therapeutic approach be made considering the individual characteristics of the client. |
Mahrookh Ajorloo,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (9-2025)
Abstract
In addition to physical consequences, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be associated with psychological problems such as internalized shame and reduced quality of life. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy on internalized shame and quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The method of the present study was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all patients with systemic lupus erythematosus referred to Imam Hossein (AS) Hospital in Tehran between Mehr and Azar 1404. Among the eligible individuals, 30 people were selected through purposive sampling and after initial matching, they were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 people) and control groups (15 people). The experimental group underwent schema therapy intervention based on the young model for 8 sessions of 90 minutes, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data collection tools included the Cook Internalized Shame Scale and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and SPSS version 26 software. The results showed that schema therapy significantly reduced internalized shame and significantly improved the quality of life of patients with lupus compared to the control group (P<0.01). Also, the effects of the intervention remained stable at the two-month follow-up stage. Based on the research findings, schema therapy can be used as an effective psychological intervention in reducing the psychological consequences of lupus and improving the quality of life of these patients by modifying early maladaptive schemas, reducing dysfunctional cognitive and emotional patterns, and strengthening self-acceptance.
Adnan Vaezi, Dr Hosein Bigdeli, Dr Mohsen Ahmadi Tahor Soltani,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (9-2025)
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explain the structural model of adolescent goal orientation based on emotional schemas and working memory processing in the context of mental health. This study was descriptive-correlational and conducted with a structural equation modeling approach. The statistical population included all second-year high school students in the academic year 1403-1404, of which 315 were selected using convenience sampling, and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the data of 300 people were included in the analysis. The data collection tools included the Elliott and McGregor Goal Orientation Questionnaire (2001), the Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (2002), and the Nelson Cowen Working Memory Scale (2005). The data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method and PLS software. The findings showed that emotional schemas and working memory both directly and positively affect different dimensions of achievement goal orientation, and working memory plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between emotional schemas and achievement goals. The proposed model had a good fit. The results of this study emphasize the simultaneous importance of emotional and cognitive factors in the formation of adolescents' achievement goals and can be a guide for educational and psychological interventions to improve their academic motivation.
Saba Sedaghatzadeh,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (3-2025)
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on job satisfaction and organizational commitment of employees with early maladaptive schemas in a rehabilitation center for children with autism spectrum disorder in Tehran. The research method was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest design with a control group and a follow-up phase. The statistical population included all employees of the autism center between October and November 2025, from which 30 eligible individuals were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 individuals in each group). The experimental group underwent 10 90-minute schema therapy sessions based on the protocol of Yang et al. (2014) and Arentz et al., while the control group remained on the waiting list. The research instruments included Spector's Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (JSS), Allen and Meyer's Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ), and Young's Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ-SF). Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and post hoc tests. The results showed that schema therapy significantly increased job satisfaction and organizational commitment in the experimental group compared to the control group, and this effect remained largely stable at the follow-up stage (P<0.01). The findings indicate that modifying early maladaptive schemas can lead to improved job attitudes and strengthened psychological bonds between employees and the organization by improving emotion regulation, reducing cognitive distortions, and increasing healthy adult mindset. Overall, schema therapy as a foundational intervention can play an effective role in improving the occupational mental health of employees in rehabilitation centers.
Ms Khadijeh Miadi, Dr Soheila Rahmani,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (3-2025)
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of body image concerns in the relationship between metacognitive beliefs, emotional dysregulation, and intolerance of uncertainty with the severity of bulimia nervosa symptoms in women. This study was descriptive-correlational and based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all women with bulimia nervosa referring to medical centers in Tehran in 1403, from which 250 people were selected through purposive sampling. The research instruments included the Body Image Concerns Questionnaire, Metacognitive Beliefs Questionnaire, Difficulty in Regulating Emotions Scale, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, and Eating Disorder Assessment Questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using AMOS software. The results showed that metacognitive beliefs, emotional dysregulation, and intolerance of uncertainty have a positive and significant relationship with body image concerns; also, body image concerns had a significant relationship with the severity of bulimia nervosa symptoms. Path analysis showed that all three variables mentioned have an indirect and significant effect on the severity of bulimia nervosa symptoms through body image concerns. As a result, it can be said that body image concerns play an important mediating role in the relationship between cognitive-emotional variables and the severity of bulimia nervosa disorder; accordingly, therapeutic interventions should focus on correcting dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs, improving emotion regulation, and increasing tolerance for uncertainty in order to reduce the symptoms of bulimia nervosa disorder in patients by reducing body image concerns.
Saba Sedaghatzadeh, Dr Sima Farzaneh,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (6-2026)
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on the emotional schema of shame and emotional expressivity in adolescent boys with high social anxiety in District 13 of Tehran. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all male students in the first and second levels of secondary school with high social anxiety in the 2025–2026 academic year. Using a multistage cluster sampling method, 30 students whose scores on the Social Anxiety Questionnaire were above the cutoff point were selected and randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). The research instruments included the Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (2002), the Emotional Expressivity Scale (King & Emmons, 1990), and the Social Anxiety Questionnaire (Connor et al., 2000). The experimental group received Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in eight 120-minute sessions, whereas the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance in SPSS version 26. The results indicated that the effects of time, group, and the interaction between time and group on the dependent variables were statistically significant . Furthermore, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy led to a significant and sustained reduction in the emotional schema of shame and a significant increase in emotional expressivity in the experimental group compared with the control group at the posttest and follow-up stages. Based on the findings, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy can be considered an effective intervention for reducing the emotional schema of shame and improving emotional expressivity in adolescents with social anxiety.
